Le travail s’inscrit dans le cadre de la problématique historique de l’étude des zones suburbaines dans le monde ancien, en proposant l’analyse systématique d’un secteur bien circonscrit du proche suburbium de Rome, le territoire extraurbain compris entre les portes Latina et San Giovanni, entre les murailles d’Aurélien et la distance d’environ un mille de ces dernières. Le territoire ainsi défini, d’une extension d’environ 270 hectares, constitue l’un des quartiers les plus densément édifiés de la ville, le quartier Appio-Latino (Municipio VII). En conséquence des profondes transformations intervenues au fil des siècles, notamment suite à l’urbanisation moderne, commencée à partir des dernières décennies du XIXè siècle, cette partie de la ville ne garde aujourd’hui que de très rares traces, fragmentaires et décontextualisées, des établissements anciens. Malgré cette pénurie de vestiges archéologiques, ce territoire revêtait néanmoins une très grande importance dans l’Antiquité. Situé aux marges de l’espace urbain, il constituait une véritable « zone tampon » entre la ville (l’urbs) et le territoire environnant (l’ager). Avant la réalisation des murailles d’Aurélien qui, à la fin du IIIè siècle ap. J.C., ont définitivement séparé ce territoire du reste de la ville, celui-ci a rempli une multiplicité de fonctions : les communications avec l’extérieur, assurées par un réseau routier qui s’est mis en place très précocement, tout en se configurant comme l’élément organisateur de l’espace, la production, orientée vers l’agriculture mais aussi, dans une moindre mesure, vers les activités artisanales, les nécropoles, que les coutumes anciennes relèguent systématiquement à l’extérieur de l’espace habité. L’étude propose une restitution de l’histoire du quartier articulée en 6 périodes chronologiques appuyée sur l’ensemble des données archéologiques, accompagnée par un apparat cartographique réalisé à l’aide d’’un SIG (Système d’Information Géographique). / This research sets against the background of the historical problem of roman ancient suburb by the analysis of the extra urban area between the Latina and San Giovanni gates, between the walls of Aurelian and the distance of about a mile from them. The territory thus defined (a 270 hectares area) is one of the most densely built up areas of the city, the Appio-Latino district. Accordingly profound transformations over the centuries, particularly following the modern urbanization, which started at the end of the nineteenth century, this part of the city keeps today very few ancient remains, fragmented and decontextualized. Despite this lack of archaeological remains, nevertheless, this territory was of great importance in antiquity. Located on the edges of the urban space, it is a real "buffer zone" between the city (the urbs) and the surrounding territory (ager). Before the construction of the Aurelian walls, which in the late third century AD definitively separated the suburb from the rest of the city, this area has filled a multiplicity of functions: communications with the outside territories and cities, provided by a efficient road network that set up very early; production, oriented towards agriculture and craft activities; necropolis, that ancient customs used to relegate systematically outside the urban spaces.This research proposes a reconstruction of the history of the district articulated in 6 chronological periods relied on archaeological data, accompanied by a cartographical apparatus produced using a GIS (Geographic Information System).

Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2016-08-08T17:22:08Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação.pdf: 7472387 bytes, checksum: 0b90729098446bdd751eeba036a5274c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-08T17:22:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação.pdf: 7472387 bytes, checksum: 0b90729098446bdd751eeba036a5274c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-15 / Capes / O Bairro do Recife, ao longo de sua existência, passou por várias transformações. As alterações acontecidas na paisagem do Bairro modificaram constantemente o registro arqueológico ao longo dos séculos, chegando a causar dificuldades nas interpretações obtidas através da sua análise. Assim sendo, a partir do estudo das transformações do Bairro do Recife, dos relatórios finais de pesquisas arqueológicas realizadas na área e dos fragmentos de louças coletados durante o acompanhamento arqueológico do Habitacional do Pilar ali localizado, buscou-se informações quanto as transformações desse registro arqueológico e as limitações que podem trazer ao arqueólogo. / The Bairro do Recife, throughout its existence, has undergone several transformations. The changes taken place in the local landscape constantly changed the archaeological record over the centuries, coming to cause difficulties in the interpretation obtained through its analysis. Thus, from the study of the transformations of Bairro do Recife, the final reports of archaeological research carried out in the area and pottery fragments collected during archaeological research of Habitacional do Pilar located there, we sought information about the changes that archaeological record and limitations that can bring the archaeologist.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:20:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jonathan_Santos_Caino_Dissertacao.pdf: 9838238 bytes, checksum: 3a7b04e4a10fc020e08358a38c1d432d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-29 / The city of Cruz Alta, in the northwest of the Rio Grande do Sul state, recognizes itself as a historical city. Founded in 1821 in a context of borders dispute between Portugal and Spain, the official history emphasizes some elements of its past, like the initial occupation of the area as the route of cattle trade, in a period where the indigenous populations were repelled of the region and the local history. Its history is the history of the white, rural elites; rarely that of the poor, slaves, or the everyday life. These histories are assumed as the real past, heritage of the city inhabitants. The cultural heritage of the city reproduces this logic, once it actuates basically on architectural goods which make reference to the same elites. Historical narratives and heritage discourses are the ways in which a city represents its own past, and then the city s past looks simplified, without conflict and without contemplate the diversity of settings and social actors that compose its history. An archaeology of the city can handle with the enormous archaeological potential of downtown area, and bring this other actors to the debate. A historiographical survey and the use of photos and historical maps allowed to draw the process of occupation of the city, and with this data areas with archaeological potential are identified, highlighting the interpretive possibilities of its study. The central area of the city is divided in three archaeological layers, identified by the period of occupation and, into these three layers, some specific places are identified by its potentialities. As a result, is proposed an archaeological map that allows the location of areas of archeological interest in the actual city / A cidade de Cruz Alta, no noroeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, reconhece a si mesma como uma cidade histórica. Fundada em 1821 em um contexto de disputas de fronteiras entre Portugal e Espanha, a história oficial do município dá ênfase em alguns elementos de seu passado, como a ocupação inicial da área enquanto uma rota de comércio de gado, período no qual as populações indígenas são rechaçadas da região e da história local. Sua história é em geral a das elites brancas e rurais, e raramente a dos pobres, dos escravos, ou do cotidiano. Estas histórias são assumidas como o verdadeiro passado, herança de seus habitantes. O patrimônio cultural do município reproduz esta lógica, uma vez que atua basicamente em bens arquitetônicos que se referem em geral às mesmas elites. Narrativas históricas e discursos patrimoniais são os meios pelos quais uma cidade representa seu passado, e assim o passado da cidade aparece simplificado, sem conflitos e sem contemplar a diversidade de cenários e atores sociais que compõem a história da cidade. Uma arqueologia da cidade pode dar conta do enorme potencial arqueológico da área central da cidade, e trazer aos debates estes outros atores. O levantamento historiográfico e o uso de fotos e plantas históricas permitiram traçar o processo de ocupação da cidade, e assim identificar áreas de potencial arqueológico, destacando as possibilidades interpretativas de seu estudo. A área central da cidade foi dividida em três camadas arqueológicas identificadas pelo período ao qual se referem, e nestas três camadas, alguns lugares específicos foram identificados por suas potencialidades. Como resultado, é proposta uma carta arqueológica que permite localizar na cidade atual as áreas de interesse arqueológico

The submitted master's thesis deals with the issue of urban archaeology, specifically on the example of Most plots No. 45-47. It is based on a summary of knowledge gained during rescue archaeological research, which took place between 1977 and 1978. An integral part is also the analysis and evaluation of material culture finds together with the ceramic inventory, which became the basis for the chronological sequence. The question of possible production activities that could be operated within the plots is further addressed based on the found artifacts. The final part thematically focuses on the progress and character of development in the plots in the 13th - 16th century, considering other contexts - within the city of Most, archaeology of cities in the Czech lands and archaeology of cities in Central Europe. Key words urban archaeology, medieval plots, housing, outbuildings, everyday life

The submitted master's thesis deals with the issue of urban archaeology, specifically on the example of Most plots No. 45-47. It is based on a summary of knowledge gained during rescue archaeological research, which took place between 1977 and 1978. An integral part is also the analysis and evaluation of material culture finds together with the ceramic inventory, which became the basis for the chronological sequence. The question of possible production activities that could be operated within the plots is further addressed based on the found artifacts. The final part thematically focuses on the progress and character of development in the plots in the 13th - 16th century, considering other contexts - within the city of Most, archaeology of cities in the Czech lands and archaeology of cities in Central Europe. Key words urban archaeology, medieval plots, housing, outbuildings, everyday life

Κεντρικό σημείο αναφοράς της διατριβής είναι η σύγχρονη πόλη, στο υπέδαφος της οποίας σώζονται αρχαιολογικά στρώματα. Η ανακάλυψή τους κάτω από τον ενεργό οικιστικό ιστό καθώς και η αρχαιολογική έρευνα που ακολουθεί θεωρούνται από πολλούς αιτία ανάσχεσης της κατασκευαστικής και αναπτυξιακής διαδικασίας. Ωστόσο, εδώ υποστηρίζεται ότι η ύπαρξη αρχαιολογικού υποστρώματος στην πόλη αποτελεί ένα από τα συγκριτικά πλεονεκτήματα της αναπτυξιακής της προοπτικής. Προς τούτο η ερευνητική μεθοδολογία χρησιμοποιεί ποιοτικά και ποσοτικά δεδομένα, ενώ ως μελέτη περίπτωσης επιλέγεται το Σχέδιο Πόλεως των Πατρών. Αρχικά η έρευνα βασίζεται στην αρχειακή και βιβλιογραφική επισκόπηση και στη διεξαγωγή δομημένων συνεντεύξεων με ειδικούς επιστήμονες. Στη συνέχεια, γίνεται χρήση της τεχνολογίας των Γεωγραφικών Συστημάτων Πληροφοριών και της Στατιστικής για τη δημιουργία βάσης δεδομένων, την ψηφιακή επεξεργασία της, την παραγωγή και δημιουργία προγνωστικών μοντέλων και την ανάδειξη της στατιστικής σχέσης της πολεοδομικής με την αρχαιολογική πληροφορία. Από τα αποτελέσματα, αποδεικνύεται ότι είναι δυνατή η κατασκευή μοντέλου πρόβλεψης της πιθανολογούμενης ύπαρξης αρχαίων σε μια πόλη, αλλά και του πιθανολογούμενου βάθους εντοπισμού τους, βασισμένη στην καταγραφή και επεξεργασία της πολεοδομικής και αρχαιολογικής πληροφορίας, που προέρχεται από τις εκσκαφές 5 συνεχόμενων ετών, ακόμα κι αν δεν γνωρίζει κανείς ή δεν λαμβάνει υπόψη τίποτε άλλο από την ιστορία της πόλης αυτής. Χρησιμοποιώντας αρχαιολογικές παραμέτρους σε συνδυασμό με πολεοδομικά δεδομένα είναι δυνατόν να κατασκευαστούν εξειδικευμένα μοντέλα, που μπορούν να αποτυπώσουν τις επιπτώσεις του αρχαιολογικού υποβάθρου μιας πόλης στις τρέχουσες λειτουργίες της και το αντίθετο. Τα αποτελέσματα αυτά μπορούν να χρησιμοποιηθούν τόσο σε επιχειρησιακό επίπεδο, στην άσκηση της αρχαιολογικής έρευνας και της παρακολούθησης της οικοδομικής δραστηριότητας στην πόλη, όσο και ως συμβολή σε μια ευρύτερη διερεύνηση για τη θέση της πολιτιστικής κληρονομιάς στη διαμόρφωση και προβολή της σύγχρονης πόλης. / The dissertation focuses on the contemporary city located on top of archaeological strata. Archaeological remains underneath, as well as their investigation, are considered by many as an obstacle towards the construction and development process. However, it is assumed here that the archaeological remains (below modern cities) consist a comparative advantage towards development. To justify this, qualitative and quantitative research methodology has been employed while the Town Plan of Patras, Greece is used as a case-study. Initially, an archive and literature survey takes place and structured interviews with field experts are conducted. Next, Geographical Information Systems and Statistics are applied for data processing and predictive modeling. Eventually, predictive models of the potential existence of archaeological sites and their expected depth are constructed, based on data from the excavations and the ground disturbance actions of 5 consecutive years. It becomes apparent that the results differ within the built and the unbuilt zones of a town. Using archaeological and urban parameters the impact of the archaeological background, over modern urban functions can be modeled and assessed. Moreover, the outcomes may be used by those involved in making and evaluating policies for the management of cultural heritage within planning.

No description available.

Archaeological investigations rarely focus on streets and street related features. This thesis adds to the literature on this topic by discussing the archaeological excavation of the James F.D. Lanier State Historic Site. The excavation explored the integrity of First Street and its related components. Phosphate testing was also utilized to aid the identification of early street surfaces. The excavation revealed massive disturbance of the street due to landscaping activities. Possible street surfaces as well as intact features such as a section of concrete, streetside rain gutter, brick sidewalk, and fence base stones revealed that not all was destroyed. / Department of Anthropology

La découverte à Tours de plus de six mille fragments de textiles dans la même fosse, à l’extérieur du rempart qui longe la berge de la Loire (site 69 « place Anatole France »), a permis d’étudier tout le processus du travail textile, du fil au rejet. La quasi-totalité des éléments examinés sont en drap de laine, grande industrie en Europe aux 15e – 16e siècles. Tout comme pour les soieries, moins bien conservées, l’étude s’est attachée à déterminer s’il s’agit de produits tourangeaux. Le traitement des draps de laine, augmentant leur résistance, a permis l’observation des formes, dont quelques pièces de vêtements isolées. Les pièces vestimentaires ont été découpées pour produire lacets et chausses avec une fréquence qui incite à voir dans le rejet la vidange d’un atelier de fripier. Ce corpus et l’analyse de chartes concernant la ville de Tours ouvrent un aperçu de la vie quotidienne dans une capitale de la fin du Moyen Âge, où les habitants relativement fortunés sont vêtus de bon drap et, malgré l’interdiction, de vêtements et accessoires de soie / The discovery in Tours of a set of almost 6000 pieces in the same pit, located just outside the city walls along the Loire River ("place Anatole France") provides an opportunity to study the entire process of textile work. The fragments studied are mostly wool cloth, which was a significant commercial production on the 15th - 16th centuries. As for remains of silk which are less well preserved, the study attempted to determine if they were produced in Tours. Among the shapes of wool remains, remarkably preserved, were a few clear parts of garments. Textiles were re-used to fashion laces and hoses in such a high frequency that the corpus is interpreted as the emptying of a second-hand clothes dealer shop. This corpus, combined with law texts regarding Tours, provides a picture of a late medieval capital city, where bourgeoisie wore good broadcloth and, contrary to law, silk dress accessories

Ce mémoire a pour objectif la description du paysage végétal de la pointe à Callière (BjFj-101) à Montréal de 1590 à 1879 à partir des données polliniques associées à des données archéologiques et historiques. Ce mandat est mené à bien à travers la construction de graphiques temporels représentation la variation polliniques des espèces végétales à travers les différentes couches datées archéologiquement. Par l’échantillonnage de cinq colonnes de sédiments, le projet couvre les occupations protohistoriques et historiques initiales jusqu’à l’ère industrielle : il parvient ainsi à décrire la transformation du paysage boisé à clairières modelé par l’exploitation amérindienne en un quartier commercial portuaire à végétation de friche et d’arrière-cour. L’analyse pollinique d’une aire d’horticulture dans le sol naturel, puis d’un foyer daté au radiocarbone de 1615-1640, permet de préciser la séquence d’occupation de la fin du XVIe siècle au début du XVIIe siècle. Elle met en lumière une phase de jardinage protohistorique. De nouvelles données sur les jardins de Callière ont permis de mieux comprendre l’organisation des cultures dans les jardins maréchaux du XVIIIe siècle, ainsi l’urbanisation du paysage à l’aube du XIXe siècle. L’étude des traces polliniques et chimiques laissées dans le sol par les occupations commerciales subséquentes ont permis de mettre à jour une végétation diagnostique d’un lot commercial et industriel du XIXe siècle situé au sein du quartier portuaire montréalais. La séquence pollinique de ces évènements, s’étendant sur près de 400 ans, met en lumière l’évolution des rapports socio-environnementaux et propose une chronologie référentielle continue sur un site colonial et urbain d’Amérique du Nord. / This thesis describes the vegetal landscape at the Pointe à Callière (BjFj-101) in Montreal from about 1590 to 1879, drawing on pollinic data associated with archaeological and historical data to construct time graphs representing the variation of pollen through different layers dated archaeologically. This project covers the initial proto-historic and historic occupations until the industrial age: it aims to describe the conversion of the wooded glades landscape shaped by Indian occupation into the commercial backlot vegetation of the 19th century. The pollinic analysis of a horticultural area and a fireplace dated from 1615-1640 radiocarbon specifies the sequence of occupation from the late 16th century to the early 17th century, highlighting a proto-gardening phase. New data on the Callière gardens helps to better understand the organization of 18th century crops, and the urbanization of landscape at the dawn of the 19th century. The study of pollinic and chemical traces left in the soil by subsequent commercial occupations allows us a glimpse into the commercial and industrial vegetation of the Montreal port area. Spanning almost 300 years, the pollinic sequence of these events highlights the changing socio-environmental relations and offers a referential chronology on a prominent colonial and urban site in North America.