Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:09:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 parte4.pdf: 2480068 bytes, checksum: 34bc2a4e8a262fe9f29d5e3768665cbb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-02-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This work discusses the stepped control of building heights in three seashore districts of João Pessoa-PB, Brazil Cabo Branco, Tambaú e Manaíra , with a view to grasp the principles and concepts underlying the adoption of that instrument. The discussion of the issue required an analysis of the relations between density and the performance of the urban organism. A simulation was made to foresee the densification of a sample of Tambaú district following the present legislation and the tendencies of the property market and the impact of this densification on the local traffic was pointed out. The research has shown that the instrument in question and the other relevant legislation are not able to control effectively the local density / O presente trabalho discute a questão do gabarito escalonado em vigor na orla marítima de João Pessoa - PB (bairros do Cabo Branco, de Tambaú e de Manaíra), buscando esclarecer os princípios e conceitos que fundamentaram a adoção desse mecanismo. Para embasar a discussão do tema, analisaram-se as relações entre a densidade e o funcionamento do organismo urbano. Foi simulado um adensamento em conformidade com a legislação vigente e as tendências do mercado de um trecho do bairro de Tambaú e verificaram-se as repercussões dele no funcionamento do sistema viário. Constatou-se na pesquisa que a legislação em vigor na área sujeita ao gabarito escalonado não consegue controlar de forma eficaz a densidade local

Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2016-07-20T17:18:47Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) versão final dissertação REVISÃO FINAL DIGITAL.compressed.pdf: 2767152 bytes, checksum: 975f022451bd4b5d2001044288a7eb2b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-20T17:18:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) versão final dissertação REVISÃO FINAL DIGITAL.compressed.pdf: 2767152 bytes, checksum: 975f022451bd4b5d2001044288a7eb2b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-25 / CAPES / Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo avaliar as implicações da Regulação Urbanística no Ordenamento e Produção do Espaço Urbano, tendo como objeto um estudo analítico sobre as consequências da aplicação dos instrumentos normativos da Lei Municipal Nº 16.176/96 no Bairro de Boa Viagem, em Recife, PE. A dissertação está apoiada em um referencial teórico sobre o Papel do Estado na Regulação do Espaço Urbano, a Função Urbanística da Legislação, os Instrumentos de Regulação Urbana no Brasil no Marco da Constituição Federal de 1988 e a regulação urbana estatal e as suas reformulações a partir do Estatuto da Cidade. O campo empírico centra-se na avaliação dos impactos da Lei de Uso e Ocupação do Solo - 16.176/96, no bairro de Boa Viagem, verificando como a ação do mercado imobiliário se vincula aos parâmetros urbanísticos, na forma como foram aplicados. Analisa-se, também, a influência desses atores - poder público e instituições privadas ligadas ao mercado da construção civil, seus interesses e as consequências para a transformação da paisagem urbana na qual foram aplicadas. / The research presented here aims to evaluate the implications of urbanistic regulation in the ordering and production of urban space, and has as object of study an analytic study about the consequences of the application of the normative instruments of Municipal Law number 16.176/96 in the Boa Viagem district burrough, in Recife, Pernambuco. This thesis is supported by a theoretical background concerning the role of the State in the regulation of urban space, the urbanistic function of legislation, the instruments for urban regulation in the 1988 Federal Constitution, and the State-sponsored urban regulation and its reformulation after the passing of the "Estatuto da Cidade". The empirical portion focuses on the evalution of the impacts of the "Use and Occupation of Land Law" in Boa Viagem, by analyzing how the dynamics of the real estate market are linked to urbanistic parameters, in the manner in which they have been applied. An analysis is also conducted on the influence os this parties -- the State and private institutions related to the construction business, and on their interests and the consequences of such influences and interests, more specifically, how they have influenced the transformation of the urban landscape.

Sustainable development efforts frequently focus on understanding and promoting the factors that influence health and wellbeing. Urban environments have received attention in recent years as spaces which can increase psychological distress. Despite hypothesized reports of urban environments being less conducive to good mental health then natural environments, few studies have investigated the effects of urban form characteristics (size, density, nuisances, transportation, and housing characteristics) and mental health measures at the city level. Using 2014 data from the 500 largest cities in the United States, this thesis evaluates the relationship between urban form and aggregate self-report scores of poor mental health. Results suggest that elements of the built environment have a direct influence on mental health status. The aim of this study is to test the association of urban form characteristics and psychological distress using a cross-sectional analysis of individual health survey responses. Mental health data were collected for a study of Center for Disease Control health characteristics in the 500 largest cities in the United States. Urban form data was collected from both United States Census and GIS datasets such as the Center for Neighborhood Technology’s Housing and Transportation Affordability Index (H+T Index). Linear regression analysis and factor analyses were used to estimate the relationship between psychological distress and urban form characteristics. Results suggest that urban density is negatively associated with mental health status at city level. This finding is logical and confirms earlier research. While measures of housing cost and diversity were slightly negatively associated with mental health, measures of transportation cost and employment access were slightly positively associated.

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / This research proposes limit values of height and population density of buildings for a Prospective Management of Seismic Risk in residential areas. The analysis of an efficient evacuation of buildings to the street or refuge area was carried out, evaluating human behavior with models based on the agent, the influence of buildings and the urban parameters of the city with three-dimensional models (BIM) for a severe seismic scenario. The present article establishes that the maximum permissible height of buildings projected in a residential avenue is directly related to the width of the available refuge zone to guarantee the correct evacuation of said zone during a severe seismic event. In addition, an evaluation of a real existing scenario is made in a section of a residential avenue.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第18583号 / 工博第3944号 / 新制||工||1606(附属図書館) / 31483 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科建築学専攻 / (主査)教授 門内 輝行, 教授 髙田 光雄, 教授 神吉 紀世子 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

The transformation of the architects’ vision to architectural form is a lengthy process. From initial sketch to day-to-day life, a design is transformed through the reality of occupation. No matter how much effort is put into a design its final effectiveness is determined by the end user. The access to ample daylight balanced with an adequate sense of visual privacy within ones one home is not often accounted for within the planning process. With current legislation making access to daylight a right within many developed countries, guaranteeing that access within the dense urban environment can mean putting resident’s privacy into question when planning to meet these daylight requirements. Failing to consider the privacy needs of all residents, especially immigrant groups, can lead to privacy driven modifications counterproductive to the overall goal of increasing access to daylight. Resident modifications can, in turn, lead to reductions of daylight levels within the home. There is a need for a system of analysis when it comes to the balance of access to daylight and adequate visual privacy, connecting the critical impacts of these factors on the human physiology and psychology. This proposal puts forward a system to analyze the relationship between the effective light transmission and the perceived visual privacy provided by a given visual privacy solution. The study is based off the analysis of current research regarding the effect of daylight on the human body, the importance of privacy within the home, the impact of cultural background on perception of privacy, and the impact of changing urban density on how people live. The research proposes a system of measurement taking into consideration both the quantitative effective daylight transmittance and a systematic qualitative analysis of perceived visual privacy through participant survey. The data collected would eventually be combined in a way that could be easily communicated to architects, designers, manufacturers and most importantly the end user. This system would be used to ensure that residents are able to effectively balance the level of privacy they require while mitigating the loss of daylight within their homes helping to insure the most benefits for the resident regardless of what home they find themselves in.

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The objective of my thesis is to explore and re-define the relationship between threshold and urban density. Threshold is an architectural medium, which divides and bridges spaces with certain meanings. Density is the defining character of the urban condition expressed consistently at different scales: from a city to a block, to a building and to the human habitation. My design project is about an application of threshold in architectural design within the context of urban density. The efficacy of threshold is tested in both external and internal conditions: the existing condition of the site and the internal workings of the program. To test the thesis, a design of a youth hostel in Washington D.C. was undertaken. The experiment was carried out with the following hypotheses: 1) that threshold is an architectural instrument that mitigates the urban density and 2) that threshold negotiates the territories among the inhabitants. The design experiment demonstrated the hypotheses and therefore, confirmed the relationship between threshold and urban density. / Master of Architecture

O objeto desta pesquisa é a alteração das condições de ventilação natural e de incidência solar provocadas pelo meio urbano. Objetiva-se comprovar a hipótese de que o maior adensamento urbano através da verticalização é compatível com o conforto térmico em edifícios residenciais multifamiliares em altura utilizando apenas a ventilação natural durante 80% das horas do ano. Obstáculos no entorno modificam o comportamento do vento, reduzindo ou incrementando o campo de pressões sobre as fachadas. Por outro lado, edifícios altos situados nas proximidades podem reduzir parcelas significativas da radiação solar sobre planos verticais. O estudo tem como foco o clima quente e úmido de Fortaleza (3° S) e analisa quatro diferentes configurações representativas da morfologia urbana presentes nesta cidade. A investigação vale-se de simulações computacionais em diferentes etapas e escalas de abordagem numa metodologia sequencial e complementar na qual cada fase fornece dados necessários ao estágio seguinte. Partiu-se da avaliação da ventilação urbana através de CFD para as duas direções de vento predominantes, que forneceram dados de Cp sobre as aberturas do edifício adotado. Em seguida, simulou-se o comportamento dos fluxos internos, determinando as taxas de renovação do ar e o campo de velocidades no interior do apartamento. O desempenho térmico anual de três ambientes de permanência prolongada foi calculado e os resultados analisados com base no total de horas dentro da zona de conforto utilizando o modelo adaptativo da ASHRAE (2004). A sensação de resfriamento a partir do movimento do ar foi considerada para a extensão dos limites da zona de conforto. A hipótese mostrou-se válida, uma vez que formas urbanas mais verticalizadas como os cenários 2 e 3 obstruíram parcelas significativas da radiação solar em pavimentos mais baixos comparados a conjuntos urbanos formados por edificações mais baixas. Mesmo diante de vazões de ar cerca de 40% mais baixas em alguns casos com vento sudeste, o cenário 2 apresentou maior quantidade de horas em conforto. O mesmo ocorreu com o cenário 3, cujos valores de vazões de ar com vento leste foram discretamente superiores àqueles obtidos nos cenários 1 e 4, porém alcançando maiores períodos em conforto térmico nos pavimentos mais baixos, reforçando a atuação conjunta da obstrução à radiação solar e a manutenção de condições para ventilar naturalmente as fachadas de edifícios. Ao considerar o efeito de resfriamento provocado pelo movimento do ar, foi possível atingir a condição de conforto térmico em 85% dos casos. Ainda, as baixas correlaçõesentre a vazão de ar e a taxa de ocupação do solo em cada cenário ou a altura média das edificações reforçam a premissa de que a variabilidade do vento e o dinamismo da forma urbana impedem a determinação imediata de quais configurações espaciais reduzirão ou potencializarão as condições de ventilação natural, indicando, também, a possibilidade de compatibilizar maiores níveis de densidade urbana e condições ambientais satisfatórias em edifícios. / The object of this research is the changes in natural ventilation conditions and sunlight caused by the urban environment. The aim is to prove the hypothesis that higher urban density levels thru vertical buildings is compatible with thermal comfort in naturally ventilated residential buildings during 80% of total year´s hours. Surrounding obstacles modify wind patterns, reducing or increasing the pressure field over façades. On the other hand, tall buildings located nearby might reduce significant solar radiation portions over vertical planes. This study focus the hot-humid climate of Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil (3° S) and analyses four different representative urban forms within this city. The investigation uses computational simulations in different stages and approaching scales in a sequential and complementary methodology in which each phase supplies the necessary data to the next level. Starting point was to evaluate the urban ventilation using a CFD tool according to two dominant wind directions, which provided Cp data over buildings openings. Then, internal flows were simulated in order to determine air changes rates and velocity field in the apartment. Annual thermodynamic performance in threelong permanence rooms was calculated and the results were evaluated using ASHRAE (2004) adaptive model. Cooling effect due to air movement was considered to extend the limits of thermal comfort zone. The hypothesis proved to be valid since more vertical urban forms such as scenarios 2 and 3 obstructed significant solar radiation portions over lower floors compared to urban settlements with lower buildings. Even with airflow rates about 40% lower in some cases with southeast wind, scenario 2 had more hours within the comfort zone. The same occurred with scenario 3, in which airflow rates for east wind were slightly higher than that obtained in scenarios 1 and 4, but achieving greater comfort periods in lower floors, reinforcing the combined effect of obstructing solar radiation and maintaining the conditions to naturally ventilate building´s façades. Considering the cooling effect due to air movement made possible to achieve thermal comfort situations in 85% of the cases. Yet, lower correlations between airflow rates and land use in each scenario or average height of buildings reinforce the premise that wind variability and the dynamism of the urban form prevent the immediate determination of which spatial configuration may reduce or enhance natural ventilation conditions, also indicating that high-density urban levels are compatible with satisfactory environmental conditions within buildings.