Ce travail doctoral analyse les conséquences socio-spatiales du pogrom anti-musulmans survenu à Ahmedabad (Gujarat) en 2002 et orchestré par les autorités. Ce pogrom a donné lieu à la formation d'un ghetto, soit une localité économiquement mixte et ethniquement homogène, remettant ainsi en cause les modalités traditionnelles d'organisation de l'espace en Inde. Cette remise en cause est notamment due à l'arrivée des classes musulmanes supérieures dans la localité conséquemment au pogrom, et transformant la localité en ghetto, analysé comme tel grâce aux travaux de L. Wacquant. Ce ghetto est initialement pensé comme un dispositif foucaldien de pouvoir visant à imposer la domination de la minorité musulmane. Par son truchement, le pouvoir y déploie un certain nombre de stratégies de domination de la minorité, consubstantielles à la forme ghetto.Néanmoins, à partir de 2004, les classes supérieures se mobilisent. Leurs actions, coordonnées ou pas, et analysées comme des "entreprises de mobilisation sociales" (O. Fillieule) sont autant d'initiatives de self-help conduisant au développement du ghetto. De fait, elles deviennent des "tactiques de résistance" aux stratégies de domination du pouvoir. Celles-ci apportent du changement social dans le ghetto, ce dernier étant analysé et qualifié. On en conclue notamment à la prééminence du récit identitaire séculariste, au dépend de celui islamique. On observe aussi l'existence de plus en plus prégnante des clivages de castes au sein du ghetto; ce que matérialise la formation de quartiers, dans le ghetto. / This dissertation deals with the socio-spatial consequences of the anti-Muslim pogrom of Ahmedabad (Gujarat). This took place in 2002 and was mainly masterminded by the local authorities. Encouraging the migration of Muslim high classes for security purpose, this State-led violence led to the formation of a ghetto in the outskirts of Ahmedabad, in Juhapura. Originally a deprived locality economic-wise, it becomes a ghetto following the definition coined by L. Wacquant. This ghetto is thought as a “dispositive of power”, after Michel Foucault’s work. It aims at dominating the Muslim minority. Through the ghetto, the authorities therefore applied several “strategies of power” to the Juhapura’s inhabitants. But from 2004 on, the Muslim high classes had started to get mobilized. They initiated several self-help initiatives in order to develop the area and bring basic amenities into it. They indeed lead to the development of Juhapura. These actions are thus considered as “tactics of resistance” that oppose the strategies of power. They also bring social change in Juhapura: the secularist identity discourse slowly replaces the Islamic one. In addition, the importance of caste cleavages is growing within the ghetto. This is spatialized by the formation of different districts, laid-out following the socio-economic level of their inhabitants.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1969. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

In much existing literature the incidence of sexual violence during Hindu-Muslim conflict has been attributed to the militant ideology of Hindu nationalism. This thesis interrogates this view. It first examines the ideological framework laid down by the founding ideologues of the Hindu nationalist movement with respect to sexual violence. I argue that a justification of sexual violence against Muslim women is at the core of their ideology. In order to examine how this ideology has contributed to the actual incidents, this thesis studies the episodes of Hindu-Muslim violence that occurred in 1969, 1985, 1992 and 2002 in the western Indian city of Ahmedabad, Gujarat. An examination of these episodes shows that sexual violence against Muslim women, in both extreme and less extreme forms, were significantly motivated by Hindu nationalist ideology. However, in addition to this ideology, patriarchal ideas that serve to normalize sexual violence as ‘sex’ and sanction its infliction to maintain gendered hierarchies also motivated such crimes. Moreover, this thesis argues that the manifestation of Hindu nationalist and patriarchal motivations in acts of sexual violence was enabled by the breakdown of neighbourhood ties between Hindus and Muslims in 1969 and 2002. By contrast, during the 1985 and 1992 riots Hindus and Muslims strengthened neighbourhood ties despite extensive communal mobilization, which seems to have prevented the perpetration of extreme sexual violence against Muslim women. Thus, by providing a comprehensive analysis of the contribution of Hindu nationalist ideology, and arguing for the significance of the patriarchal ideas and neighbourhood ties in the infliction of sexual violence during conflict, this study contributes to and departs from the existing literature.

The project aims to investigate, analyze and intervene a market in the Indian city of Ahmedabad. A specific target group consists of people living on the market in tents since they can't afford to buy an apartment in the city, and if they move outside the city they lose their right to a market spot they have inherited for generations. The project deals with social aspects and the possibility to keep it running with help from temporary visitors, mainly backpackers.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第18583号 / 工博第3944号 / 新制||工||1606(附属図書館) / 31483 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科建築学専攻 / (主査)教授 門内 輝行, 教授 髙田 光雄, 教授 神吉 紀世子 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

BACKGROUND: The World Bank report warns that the poor living in informal settlements and slum conditions are the most likely to be killed or harmed by extreme weather. They are morevulnerable to disasters often due to clogged drains, land subsidence, heat waves, and increased health risks. Disaster management (DM) in slums is part of a larger development problem in developing countries. However, analytical literature on the exact link and nature of problemsfaced by slum dwellers due to climate change and disasters is scarce. More research is needed to address the gap in literature between increasing urbanisation and the implications for the urban poor in disaster management plans (DMPs). METHODOLOGY: This research was granted approval by the Hamilton Health Sciences ResearchEthics Board on May 28, 2014. In June 2014, semi-structured interviews and focus groups were conducted, including 24 interviews and 9 focus groups with community members (CMs), 12 interviews with key informants from organisations in the civil society (CSOs), and 3 interviews with Government officials (GOs). The interviews and focus groups were transcribed verbatim (to the extent possible) and imported into NVivo 10 (QSR International) for qualitative content analysis. RESULTS: Five key points were made by participants in the focus groups and interviews: 1.) Some physical and non-physical infrastructure needs were not considered by GOs and CSOs for slum upgrading, such as the repair of shelter roofs and the creation of self-formed slum groups, 2.) Bottom-up participation and citizen engagement needed to be improved during the design and implementation of DMPs, 3.) Communication was pertinent during all phases of the DM cycle, including multisectorial involvement from all three stakeholder groups, 4.) Different barrierswere raised, including urbanization and planning, which affected the required participation and communication in DM, and 5.) Even substantial levels of water in the home at 3-4 inches high were described as waterlogging rather than flooding, suggesting that disasters were being normalised. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: By describing different measures and approaches that are used for and by the urban poor, new DM strategies are suggested (such as scaling up and including new components in Slum Upgrading Programs). Several recommendations were made to improve DM planning, including the need to overcome several barriers and the potential of formulating contextual DMPs (such as an Earthquake Action Plan). A novel finding was the apparent normalisation of disasters. This raises important questions about how disasters are framed in Ahmedabad and the policy solutions that result from it. Climate change was seldom noted, even though it is expected to increase the frequency and intensity of future disasters. These findings can be considered for policy makers in megacities around the world and in the post-2015 Millennium Development Goals and Hyogo Framework of Action. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

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This thesis uses the lens of building technology to examine cultural exchange and its relationship to the building crafts. By focusing on masonry vaulting in India, my research brings together two worlds – one that shines light on the variety of innovative masonry shell construction techniques that exist in the county and another that seeks to evaluate the scope of tile vaulting, an over 600-year old Mediterranean building technique, within India’s evolving building crafts culture. This thesis is organized in three parts: PART ONE Tile Vaulting and Relevance Today | A Brief History of Masonry Shells in India Part one introduces tile vaulting’s unique principles compared to other vaulting traditions while contextualizing its relevance to present day India. A survey of varied masonry vaulting techniques and modules, endemic and imported, practiced across India is presented against the backdrop of what is a predominantly reinforced concrete-based construction industry. PART TWO Modules, Methods and Motivations The second part of this research comprises case studies that include some of India’s most iconic buildings such as the Villa Sarabhai by Le Corbusier, the National Institute of Design by Gautam Sarabhai and Sangath by B.V. Doshi, each of which employed innovative construction techniques for its vaults. The production and use of the enigmatic ceramic fuses in India is examined for the first time alongside their indigenous cousins: burnt clay tubes. Together with Muzaffarnagar vaulting, the case studies reveal cultural motivations for architectural expression and production in postcolonial India. PART THREE Prototypes | Comparatives | Limitations & Extension of Research Part three presents five tile vaulting prototypes in India constructed with local artisans to gain understanding of its cultural reception, assess effective transfer of skills and potential internalisation. Recommendations for tile vaulting’s potential uptake into mainstream architectural production is evaluated by comparing findings against prevalent building methods and by contextualizing current architectural trends and social policy. Limitations and scope for extension of research are also discussed.