Until recently it was fashionable to describe Durban as one of the fastest growing cities in the world. For those who held this view, the proliferation of informal settlements in and around the city pointed to massive rural-urban in-migration from the rural areas. Migration, itself, it was conceived, was typically the outcome of a direct move from the rural areas, whereby the migrant simply arrived in the city and took to squatting on any available land he or she could find. In actuality, while research has pointed out that substantial rural-urban in-migration is indeed a feature of the urban landscape, little light has been shed on the extent and nature of such migration. The aim of this dissertation is therefore to elucidate on these two features of the migration phenomenon. Through the application of the Todaro model of migration it is hoped that an understanding of the driving force behind migration to and within the Durban Functional Region could also be achieved. / Thesis (M.Com.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1994.

This dissertation explores the real world problem of rural youth out-migration and finds that the central problem is one of persistent class difference in this rural Oregon town. The research that informs this dissertation was conducted in a rural community of approximately 2300 residents in Eastern Oregon, here called Talltown. Data was collected through participant observation, photovoice (n = 8) and semi- structured interview (n = 63) among adolescents, emerging adults, and adults, specifically those working with local youth. The dissertation explores the ways in which Talltown youth encounter, internalize, and strategically enact dominant and counter norms of the local and larger fields. The primary finding of this dissertation is that as rural communities vie for position in the era of global neoliberalism, they discursively impose a similar competitive logic upon their youth, which reinforces the myth of meritocracy yet supports persistent class difference. Using the themes of "going somewhere" and "getting stuck," this dissertation aims to make visible, and thus challenge the hierarchical system with which class and other forms of socially constructed difference persist. / Graduation date: 2012

Bibliography: leaves 339-372. / 372 leaves : ill. (chiefly col.) ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Maintains, and substantiates in the ethnographic context, that cultural identity is both a conscious and symbolic construction. The ethnography is situated in the Shepherd (Central) Region of the Republic of Vanuatu, a Y-shaped archipelago in the south west Pacific Ocean. Fieldwork was conducted between July 1995 and February 1997 on two islands - Mataso and Efate. Mataso and Matah Keru communities have gradually become distinct, each possessing particular structural organizations, customs (kastom) and histories. Yet, the two groups remain united. Credence in historical ancestors, indigenous mythologies and territorial places continually cement an ethnic commitment between urban and rural dwellers, a bond that is forever reinforced through the movement of persons between places. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Anthropology, 2000?

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Osnabrück, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [417]-439) and glossary.

Este é um estudo comparativo entre duas áreas de lazer noturno em dois diferentes bairros na cidade de Porto Alegre: o aristocrático Moinhos de Vento e o mais antigo, popular e boêmio – e atualmente na moda – Cidade Baixa. No seu ponto de partida está o interesse em buscar as razões para a migração que vem ocorrendo ultimamente de freqüentadores do bairro Moinhos de Vento para os bares e outros estabelecimentos noturnos na Cidade Baixa. O estudo trabalha simultaneamente com variáveis sociais e espaciais procurando relacionar o perfil socioeconômico de habitués e migrantes com os lugares onde ocorrem a sua interação, bem como os padrões de seu comportamento socioespacial – os lugares que eles tendem a escolher, as razões para isso, se costumam ir sozinhos ou em grupos, se preferem estar dentro ou fora dos bares etc. Com este objetivo foram identificados quatro diferentes subespaços em cada bairro, de acordo com os tipos de lazer, de lugar e de freqüentador que eles têm a oferecer. Os dados empíricos mostram que o perfil socioeconômico, assim como as escolhas e o comportamento socioespacial de habitués e migrantes não são tão diferentes a ponto de provocar a migração do bairro aristocrático Moinhos de Vento para a cena underground da Cidade Baixa. Contudo o grau de homogeneidade quanto às opções de lazer do Moinhos de Vento, comparado à multiplicidade de escolhas na Cidade Baixa, parece indicar a diversidade como principal fator responsável pelo movimento migratório. / This is a comparative study between two areas of night entertainment, located in two very different neigbourhoods in the city of Porto Alegre: the rather aristocratic Moinhos de Vento and the old popular, bohemian, and at the present very fashionable Cidade Baixa. At its starting point lies the interest in looking for the reasons behind the migration of costumers from Moinhos de Vento toward bars and other similar places in Cidade Baixa, that has been taken place of late. The study works with both social and spatial variables, looking for relations between the socio economic profile of habitués and migrants, the spatial settings where their interaction takes place and their patterns of socio-spatial behaviour– which places they tend to choose, the reasons for that, if they use to go there by themselves or in groups, if they like to be inside or outside the bars, and so on. In order to do that four differentiated sub-areas were identified in each neigbourhood, according to the kind of entertainment, locals and types of customers they offer. Data evidence shows that the socioeconomic profile as well as the spatial choices and behaviour of habitués and migrants from both neirbourhoods present no such differences so as to account for the migration from the aristocratic Moinhos de Vento toward the underground scene of Cidade Baixa. Nevertheless, it seems that the degree of homogeneity in the options for entertainment in Moinhos de Vento in comparison to the multiplicity of choices in Cidade Baixa, pointed out to diversity as the possible main factor behind the migratory movement.

Este é um estudo comparativo entre duas áreas de lazer noturno em dois diferentes bairros na cidade de Porto Alegre: o aristocrático Moinhos de Vento e o mais antigo, popular e boêmio – e atualmente na moda – Cidade Baixa. No seu ponto de partida está o interesse em buscar as razões para a migração que vem ocorrendo ultimamente de freqüentadores do bairro Moinhos de Vento para os bares e outros estabelecimentos noturnos na Cidade Baixa. O estudo trabalha simultaneamente com variáveis sociais e espaciais procurando relacionar o perfil socioeconômico de habitués e migrantes com os lugares onde ocorrem a sua interação, bem como os padrões de seu comportamento socioespacial – os lugares que eles tendem a escolher, as razões para isso, se costumam ir sozinhos ou em grupos, se preferem estar dentro ou fora dos bares etc. Com este objetivo foram identificados quatro diferentes subespaços em cada bairro, de acordo com os tipos de lazer, de lugar e de freqüentador que eles têm a oferecer. Os dados empíricos mostram que o perfil socioeconômico, assim como as escolhas e o comportamento socioespacial de habitués e migrantes não são tão diferentes a ponto de provocar a migração do bairro aristocrático Moinhos de Vento para a cena underground da Cidade Baixa. Contudo o grau de homogeneidade quanto às opções de lazer do Moinhos de Vento, comparado à multiplicidade de escolhas na Cidade Baixa, parece indicar a diversidade como principal fator responsável pelo movimento migratório. / This is a comparative study between two areas of night entertainment, located in two very different neigbourhoods in the city of Porto Alegre: the rather aristocratic Moinhos de Vento and the old popular, bohemian, and at the present very fashionable Cidade Baixa. At its starting point lies the interest in looking for the reasons behind the migration of costumers from Moinhos de Vento toward bars and other similar places in Cidade Baixa, that has been taken place of late. The study works with both social and spatial variables, looking for relations between the socio economic profile of habitués and migrants, the spatial settings where their interaction takes place and their patterns of socio-spatial behaviour– which places they tend to choose, the reasons for that, if they use to go there by themselves or in groups, if they like to be inside or outside the bars, and so on. In order to do that four differentiated sub-areas were identified in each neigbourhood, according to the kind of entertainment, locals and types of customers they offer. Data evidence shows that the socioeconomic profile as well as the spatial choices and behaviour of habitués and migrants from both neirbourhoods present no such differences so as to account for the migration from the aristocratic Moinhos de Vento toward the underground scene of Cidade Baixa. Nevertheless, it seems that the degree of homogeneity in the options for entertainment in Moinhos de Vento in comparison to the multiplicity of choices in Cidade Baixa, pointed out to diversity as the possible main factor behind the migratory movement.

Este é um estudo comparativo entre duas áreas de lazer noturno em dois diferentes bairros na cidade de Porto Alegre: o aristocrático Moinhos de Vento e o mais antigo, popular e boêmio – e atualmente na moda – Cidade Baixa. No seu ponto de partida está o interesse em buscar as razões para a migração que vem ocorrendo ultimamente de freqüentadores do bairro Moinhos de Vento para os bares e outros estabelecimentos noturnos na Cidade Baixa. O estudo trabalha simultaneamente com variáveis sociais e espaciais procurando relacionar o perfil socioeconômico de habitués e migrantes com os lugares onde ocorrem a sua interação, bem como os padrões de seu comportamento socioespacial – os lugares que eles tendem a escolher, as razões para isso, se costumam ir sozinhos ou em grupos, se preferem estar dentro ou fora dos bares etc. Com este objetivo foram identificados quatro diferentes subespaços em cada bairro, de acordo com os tipos de lazer, de lugar e de freqüentador que eles têm a oferecer. Os dados empíricos mostram que o perfil socioeconômico, assim como as escolhas e o comportamento socioespacial de habitués e migrantes não são tão diferentes a ponto de provocar a migração do bairro aristocrático Moinhos de Vento para a cena underground da Cidade Baixa. Contudo o grau de homogeneidade quanto às opções de lazer do Moinhos de Vento, comparado à multiplicidade de escolhas na Cidade Baixa, parece indicar a diversidade como principal fator responsável pelo movimento migratório. / This is a comparative study between two areas of night entertainment, located in two very different neigbourhoods in the city of Porto Alegre: the rather aristocratic Moinhos de Vento and the old popular, bohemian, and at the present very fashionable Cidade Baixa. At its starting point lies the interest in looking for the reasons behind the migration of costumers from Moinhos de Vento toward bars and other similar places in Cidade Baixa, that has been taken place of late. The study works with both social and spatial variables, looking for relations between the socio economic profile of habitués and migrants, the spatial settings where their interaction takes place and their patterns of socio-spatial behaviour– which places they tend to choose, the reasons for that, if they use to go there by themselves or in groups, if they like to be inside or outside the bars, and so on. In order to do that four differentiated sub-areas were identified in each neigbourhood, according to the kind of entertainment, locals and types of customers they offer. Data evidence shows that the socioeconomic profile as well as the spatial choices and behaviour of habitués and migrants from both neirbourhoods present no such differences so as to account for the migration from the aristocratic Moinhos de Vento toward the underground scene of Cidade Baixa. Nevertheless, it seems that the degree of homogeneity in the options for entertainment in Moinhos de Vento in comparison to the multiplicity of choices in Cidade Baixa, pointed out to diversity as the possible main factor behind the migratory movement.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-10-13T13:33:01Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Nayana Guimarães Souza de Oliveira - 2017.pdf: 2336431 bytes, checksum: b09aca0462669d8bf73973774ac8c06c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-10-13T13:33:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Nayana Guimarães Souza de Oliveira - 2017.pdf: 2336431 bytes, checksum: b09aca0462669d8bf73973774ac8c06c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-13T13:33:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Nayana Guimarães Souza de Oliveira - 2017.pdf: 2336431 bytes, checksum: b09aca0462669d8bf73973774ac8c06c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-27 / This research aims to be a study about the criminal management of agrarian poverty in the temporal space that goes from the urban and industrial transformation of Brazil to the present. It seeks to unravel the socially excluding and criminally inclusive impacts of the rapid urbanization and industrialization process in Brazil. The emptying of the countryside that happened in the same time with the expansion of the cities, was one of the causes of structural unemployment and the formation of the urban peripheries, where the marginalized majority of the population is segregated. To cross this path, the genesis of the periphery is studied, building a bridge between the exclusion of the countryside and urban segregation. It takes care of delineating the Brazilian land characteristics, a context in which the rural-urban migratory movement and the process of rural and urban poverty formation are inserted. It stands out as the State - in which hopes of realizing socially guaranteed rights are placed - has become increasingly a minimal State, with minimum obligations. In sequence, this study deals with the criminal management of poverty in Brazil through the expansion of repression directed at poor individuals, with a stratospheric increase in public expenditures directed at the expansion of a police force that, however, isn’t succeed in effectively combating the increase of urban violence, since this is part of the contradictions proper to capitalism. In this society created by the contradictions of the economic system, the poor, the “favelado” and marginalized, is easy target of the police apparatus of the State, while it does not guarantee social rights; He is seen as dangerous individual and inspires distrust for the most privileged classes in society. In this Penal State, not only the repressive apparatus of the State grows, but also private security; on the other had, the rate of incarceration increases, especially of the poorer class of the population. Thus, there is an interweaving between agrarian question, criminal issue and urban violence, which involves the transfer of agrarian poverty to the cities, the formation of urban peripheries and the segregation of the poor’s in this places, where they will receive very little of the rule of law and will perceive the daily presence of the Criminal State. / Esta pesquisa faz um estudo acerca da gestão penal da pobreza agrária no Brasil, desde a transformação urbana e industrial, iniciada na década de 1930 até a contemporaneidade. Busca-se desvendar os impactos socialmente excludentes e penalmente includentes do rápido processo de urbanização e industrialização ocorridos no Brasil. O esvaziamento do campo, pari passu com a expansão das cidades, foi uma das causas do desemprego estrutural e da formação das periferias urbanas, onde está segregada a grande maioria marginalizada da população. Para percorrer este caminho, estuda-se gênese da periferia, construindo uma ponte entre a exclusão do campo e a segregação urbana. Cuida-se de delinear as características fundiárias brasileiras, contexto no qual se insere o movimento migratório do tipo rural-urbano e o processo de formação da pobreza rural e urbana. Destaca-se como o Estado – no qual se depositam esperanças de realização dos direitos socialmente garantidos – tornou-se cada vez mais um Estado mínimo, com mínimas obrigações. Em sequência, aborda-se o tema da gestão penal da pobreza no Brasil por meio da dilatação da repressão direcionada aos indivíduos pobres, com aumento estratosférico nos gastos públicos direcionados à ampliação de um corpo policialesco que, contudo, não logra êxito em combater efetivamente o incremento da violência urbana, já que este faz parte das contradições próprias ao capitalismo. Nessa sociedade criada pelas contradições do sistema econômico, o pobre, favelado e marginalizado, é alvo fácil do aparelho repressivo do Estado, ao passo que a ele não se garantem direitos sociais; ele é visto como indivíduo perigoso e que inspira desconfiança pelas classes mais privilegiadas da sociedade. Neste Estado Penal, cresce não só o aparelho repressivo do Estado, mas também a segurança privada; de outro lado, aumenta o índice de encarceramento, em especial da classe mais pauperizada da população. Assim, verifica-se um entrelaçamento entre questão agrária, questão criminal e violência urbana, que perpassa pela transferência da pobreza agrária para as cidades, pela formação das periferias urbanas e pela segregação do pobre neste local, onde ele receberá muito pouco do Estado de Direito e perceberá a presença cotidiana do Estado Penal.

Orientador: Rosana Aparecida Baeninger / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T04:50:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maciel_LidianeMaria_M.pdf: 4548457 bytes, checksum: a9c1ac852d3c112fb174b315c81f8008 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Esta dissertação atentou para o sentido de "melhorar de vida" na migração. A pesquisa considerou que a noção geral de melhorar de vida altera definitivamente os arranjos familiares dos migrantes tanto nos locais de origem quanto nos locais de destino. A investigação fora realizada em São Carlos-SP e teve como campo uma região formada no bojo do processo de expansão urbana do município. Foram realizadas quinze entrevistas qualitativas com trabalhadores rurais migrantes nas quais tentamos mapear as transformações nos arranjos familiares proporcionados pela migração e os significados gerais da expressão melhorar de vida / Abstract: This master dissertation attempt to the meaning of better of life. The research was means which general notion of this sense relates to perspective of grown better means of life. This change to better on your turn change, in fact, familiar arrangement than in original place as last place. The research was been at São Carlos/SP and has how fieldwork villages built at scope of this municipal urban expansion process. Was happen 15 qualitative interviews with rural migrates who we tried mapping the changes in familiar arrangements conditioned by migration and the general meanings of the expression better of life / Mestrado / Sociologia / Mestre em Sociologia

South Africa is currently experiencing ever-increasing rural-urban migration with many citizens from the former homeland areas migrating to cities to seek employment. Despite long-term residence in urban areas, many township dwellers do not consider these places to be home. Research into circular migration patterns reveal the lifelong relationships that migrants (amagoduka) have with their family home (ekhayeni). This study aimed to explore this relationship, looking in particular at the meanings imbued in the locality of home. In addition, the role of natural landscapes and social components in constructing meanings and attachments to ekhayeni for Xhosa-speaking migrants in Cape Town townships, who have family linkages to rural villages in the Transkei, was also explored. The study found that the landscape of home remains central to migrants’ cultural identity, belonging and well-being. Childhood experiences in nature, and cultural and recreational activities that continue to take rural inhabitants into these landscapes, remain key to this relationship. The rural area, as a geographical entity embodied with social and cultural/spiritual components continued to supply and satisfy many human needs for migrants, which were seen as crucial for psychological, mental and spiritual well-being.