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Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-01-08T16:44:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 IRANEIDE MARIA DE MELO - DISSERTAÇÃO PROFLETRAS 2015..pdf: 2697220 bytes, checksum: 2034b864bd6c2624489aada85bfb6da6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-08T16:44:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IRANEIDE MARIA DE MELO - DISSERTAÇÃO PROFLETRAS 2015..pdf: 2697220 bytes, checksum: 2034b864bd6c2624489aada85bfb6da6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-24 / Capes / O presente trabalho traz uma abordagem teórica sobre o variacionismo do Português Brasileiro (PB), e das variantes sociais estigmatizadas, com ênfase à regional nordestina, como também uma discussão em relação à função do novo professor de Português frente à indicação dos PCNs (1998), no que concerne à valorização da identidade linguística, com focalização nas competências comunicativas do sujeito e a diversidade linguística, como também o uso do texto, não para abordar a Gramática, mas para refletir sobre a Língua e as linguagens (BAGNO, 2002). Mostrar-se-á também que páginas do Facebook podem ser instrumento de análises linguísticas nas aulas de Língua Portuguesa. Com efeito, a fanpage do “Bode Gaiato” foi utilizada para tal intento numa experiência com sequência didática (SD) aplicável em turmas do ensino Fundamental. Para tanto, utilizou-se aqui, como base teórica, textos de Bagno (2002, 2004, 1999), Bortoni-Ricardo (2004, 2013), Mattos e Silva (2004, 2013), assim como de outros. Intencionou-se, para ter esses resultados, abordar, através de posts do ‘Bode Gaiato’ (fanpage do Facebook), o variacionismo da nossa língua, em todos os seus aspectos, assim como trabalhar com a valorização da identidade linguística do aluno, desmistificando o preconceito das nossas variantes estigmatizadas, tudo isso com a utilização de uma SD elaborada e possibilitada pelo trabalho com análises linguísticas de postagens desta fanpage, onde se pôde perceber a viabilidade lúdica que o uso de Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação pode proporcionar às aulas de Língua Materna. Com a execução dessa proposta, foi possível refletir sobre a variante nordestina, assim como uma pequena abordagem de outras, quando aplicados os módulos sequenciais que trabalham, através dos textos da fanpage em questão, aspectos fonéticos, mórficos, semânticos e culturais destes textos. Também se pôde compreender que o uso de SDs para trabalhar conteúdos através da análise linguística de textos é uma prática proveitosa de utilizar meios virtuais. Concluiu-se, então, com essa investigação, que ‘os gêneros’ do Facebook podem ser utilizados na abordagem de seus aspectos linguísticos no concernente às marcas fonético-estruturais e semânticas, desmistificando o preconceito em relação às variantes estigmatizadas. Nos ‘posts’ do “Bode Gaiato” são encontradas todas essas marcas da variedade regional nordestina, assim como signos não verbais (imagens) que complementam o reflexo dessa variante do PB. Para finalizar, posso dizer que o trabalho com as características linguístico-textual dessa página, por meio da utilização de dispositivos móveis (no Facebook), em sala de aula, possibilita ao professor abordar as variantes linguísticas do nosso idioma, conscientizando o aluno da sua identidade linguística, assim como é possível desconstruir a ideia de ‘certo ou errado’ e levar o aluno a refletir sobre a Língua, entendendo que existem adequações de usos sociais para a linguagem e que se apoderar da propriedade de uso das variantes é dispor de um passaporte à igualdade de direitos e à cidadania. / This paper presents a theoretical approach to variacionismo the Brazilian Portuguese (PB), and stigmatized social variants, with emphasis on the Northeast Regional, as well as a discussion regarding the role of the new teacher of Portuguese front of the indication of PCNs (1998) , regarding the enhancement of the linguistic identity, with a focus on communication skills of the subject and linguistic diversity, as well as the use of text, not to address the grammar, but to reflect on the language and languages (BAGNO, 2002). It will show also that Facebook pages can be an instrument of linguistic analyzes in Portuguese classes. Indeed, the fanpage "Bode Gaiato" was used for this purpose in an experiment with didactic sequence (SD) applicable in elementary school classes. Therefore, it was used here as a theoretical basis, Bagno texts (2002, 2004, 1999), Bortoni-Ricardo (2004, 2013), Mattos and Silva (2004, 2013), as well as others. is purposed-to have these results, addressing, through posts of 'Bode Gaiato' (fanpage Facebook), the variacionismo of our language in all its aspects, as well as working with the appreciation of the linguistic identity of the student, demystifying the prejudice of our stigmatized variants, all with the use of a SD prepared and made possible by working with linguistic analysis of posts this fanpage, where he could see the playful viability that the use of Information and Communication Technologies can provide the language lessons Materna. With the implementation of this proposal, it was possible to reflect on the northeastern variant, as well as a small approach other when applied sequential modules that work through the fanpage of the texts in question, phonetic aspects, morphic, semantic and cultural of these texts. Also could understand that the use of SDs to work content through linguistic analysis of texts is a useful practice of using virtual media. It was, then, with this research, that 'genres' of Facebook can be used in addressing their linguistic aspects in regarding the phonetic-structural and semantic tags, demystifying the bias towards stigmatized variants. In 'posts' of the "Bode Gaiato" are found all these brands of the northeastern regional variety, as well as non-verbal signs (images) that complement the reflection of this variant of the PB. Finally, I can say that working with the linguistic-textual features of this page, through the use of mobile devices (on Facebook), in the classroom, allows the teacher address the linguistic variants of our language, aware the student of his linguistic identity, as it is possible to deconstruct the idea of 'right or wrong' and lead the student to reflect on the language, understanding that there are adaptations of social uses for the language and take over the use of variants property is to have a passport to equality of rights and citizenship.

Introdução: No Brasil há carência de instrumentos validados para a análise do curso da Demência Frontotemporal (DFT). Dessa forma, torna-se relevante a validação da Escala de Estadiamento e Progressão da Demência Frontotemporal (FTD-FRS). Em nosso meio, as escalas de estadiamento das demências, como a Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), foram elaboradas para graduar a doença de Alzheimer (DA) e não incluem os sintomas específicos da DFT. Objetivos: 1. Realizar a tradução, adaptação transcultural e validação da FTD-FRS para o contexto brasileiro. 2. Avaliar a capacidade da FTD-FRS detectar alterações em pacientes com DFTvc, afasia progressiva primária (APP) e DA após 12 meses da avaliação inicial, em comparação com a escala CDR para DLFT, e com a CDR original. Métodos: Participaram do estudo 101 indivíduos com idade igual ou superior a 40 anos, com escolaridade formal acima de dois anos, sendo 31 pacientes com diagnóstico de DFT variante comportamental (DFTvc), doze pacientes com afasia progressiva primária (APP), 28 pacientes com doença de Alzheimer (DA), oito com comprometimento cognitivo leve (CCL) e 22 controles normais (CN). Foram entrevistados os familiares ou cuidadores que tinham contato frequente com o paciente. Os pacientes com DA, e com os subtipos de DFT foram pareados quanto à gravidade da doença, segundo a CDR. Resultados: Foi realizado o processo de adaptação transcultural da FTD-FRS. Consistiu em: tradução, retrotradução (realizadas por tradutores independentes), discussão com especialistas sobre a versão em português e equivalência com a versão original, e desenvolvimento da versão final. A consistência interna da FTD-FRS, estimada pelo alfa de Cronbach foi 0,975, e o coeficiente de correlação intra-classe, para a estabilidade no teste e reteste em seis meses foi de 0,977. A análise fatorial revelou a existência de quatro fatores que se correlacionaram significativamente com os domínios da CDR-DLFT. Os pacientes com DFTvc apresentaram progressão mais rápida em 12 meses do que os demais subtipos de demência na FTD-FRS, na CDR-DLFT e na CDR-original. Considerações finais: A FTD-FRS tem propriedades psicométricas adequadas para seu uso clínico no Brasil. Este instrumento pode auxiliar na caracterização de sintomas clínicos relevantes para o diagnóstico e estadiamento da DFT. Também pode documentar os resultados relacionados à intervenção terapêutica. Este estudo fornece aos clínicos e pesquisadores um instrumento válido para estadiamento e acompanhamentode de pacientes diagnosticados com DFT / Introduction: In Brazil there is a shortage of validated instruments for the analysis of the course of Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD). Thus, the validation of the Frontotemporal Dementia Staging and Progression Scale (FTD-FRS) becomes relevant. In our setting, dementia staging scales, such as the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), were designed to stage Alzheimer\'s disease (AD) and did not include the specific symptoms of FTD. Objectives: 1. To perform the translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the FTD-FRS for the Brazilian context. 2. Evaluate the ability of the FTD-FRS to detect changes in patients with bvFTD, primary progressive aphasia (PPA) and AD after 12 months of the initial evaluation, compared to the CDR scale for FTLD, and with the original CDR. Methods: A total of 101 individuals aged 40 years and older, with formal schooling above two years of age, were included in the study. Twenty-one patients were diagnosed with bvFTD, twelve patients with PPA, 28 AD, eight with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 22 normal controls (NC). Family members or caregivers who had frequent contact with the patient were interviewed. Patients with AD and with FTD subtypes were matched for disease severity, according to CDR. Results: The process of cross-cultural adaptation of the FTD-FRS was carried out. It consisted of: translation, back-translation (carried out by independent translators), discussion with experts about the Portuguese version and equivalence with the original version, and development of the final version. The internal consistency of the FTD-FRS, estimated by the Cronbach\'s alpha was 0.975, and the intra-class correlation coefficient for the test and retest stability at six months was 0.977. Factor analysis revealed the existence of four factors that correlated significantly with the CDR-DLFT domains. Patients with bvFTD showed faster progression at 12 months than the other dementia subtypes in the FTD-FRS, CDR-DLFT and CDR-original version scales. Final considerations: FTD-FRS has psychometric properties suitable for clinical use in Brazil. This instrument may aid in the characterization of clinical symptoms relevant to the diagnosis and staging of FTD. It can also document the results related to therapeutic interventions. This study provides clinicians and researchers with a valid instrument for staging and follow-up of patients diagnosed with FTD

Le rôle fonctionnel des transcrits de l’hétérochromatine péricentromérique reste à ce jour largement incompris chez les eucaryotes supérieurs. Néanmoins, il a été montré que ces transcrits sont soumis à un contrôle très précis, fonction du cycle cellulaire. La régulation de la transcription est fortement contrôlée par la structure de la chromatine qui peut être modifiée localement en changeant la composition biochimique du nucléosome, notamment par l’utilisation des variantes d’histones. L’objectif de ma thèse a été de mieux comprendre le rôle de la protéine chaperonne d’histone DAXX et de sa variante d’histone H3.3 dans la régulation de la transcription des séquences répétées péricentromériques. Par la méthode de purification TAP-TAG, les partenaires spécifiques de DAXX ont été identifiés à partir d’extraits solubles nucléaires de fibroblastes embryonnaires murins. Ces analyses ont mis en évidence que CAF-1, classiquement associé à H3.1, et les facteurs de remodelage de la chromatine ATRX et CHD4 interagissent spécifiquement avec DAXX. Le rôle de ces protéines dans le contrôle de la transcription de l’hétérochromatine péricentromérique a ensuite été mis en évidence par une approche combinant l’interférence ARN et la Q-PCR. Enfin, les résultats suggèrent fortement que ces mécanismes de régulation ont lieu au niveau des corps nucléaires PML. L’ensemble de ces données montre qu’il existe une régulation spatio-temporel très fine de la structure de la chromatine régulant la transcription de l’hétérochromatine péricentromérique. / The functional role of pericentromeric heterochromatin transcripts remains largely unknown in higher eukaryotes. Nevertheless, it has been shown that these transcripts are subject to very precise control, depending on the cell cycle. Regulation of transcription is tightly controlled by chromatin structure that can be modified locally by changing the biochemical composition of the nucleosome, including the use of histone variants. The aim of my thesis was to better understand the role of the histone chaperone protein DAXX and its histone variant H3.3 in the regulation of transcription of pericentromeric repeats. By the method of TAP-TAG purification, DAXX specific partners were identified from soluble nuclear extracts of murine embryonic fibroblasts. These analyzes revealed that CAF-1, classically associated with H3.1, and the chromatin remodeling factors, ATRX and CHD4, specifically interact with DAXX. The role of these proteins in the control of transcription of pericentromeric heterochromatin was then highlighted by an approach combining RNAi and Q-PCR. Finally, the results strongly suggest that these regulatory mechanisms take place at PML nuclear bodies. Taken together, these data show that there is a spatio-temporal regulation of the fine structure of chromatin regulates transcription of pericentromeric heterochromatin.

In diesem Bericht wurden die Arbeiten und Ergebnisse dargestellt, die am FORWISS im Rahmen des Verbundprojekts AENEAS im Zeitraum vom 1.10.1995 bis zum 31.12.1999 erzielt wurden. Die Forschungsziele des Vorhabens wurden durch eine industrielle Anwendung im Bereich der Stahlverarbeitung motiviert und konzentrierten sich im Wesentlichen auf die folgenden Punkte: • Modellierung von nichtlinearen und zeitvarianten Prozessen, die analytisch nicht fassbar sind und nur durch Messdaten repräsentiert werden. • Modellierung von Größen, die nicht direkt messbar sind, aber auf nichtlineare Weise von anderen, messbaren Größen abhängen. • Kombination von analytischen bzw. statistischen Modellen und Neuronalen Netzen, um die jeweiligen Vorteile der Verfahren zu vereinen. Als Ergebnis des Vorhabens wurden eine Reihe neuer Ansätze zum kontinuierlichen Lernen entwickelt, darunter eine neuartige, lebenslang adaptive Netzarchitektur mit entscheidenden Vorteilen im Bereich des kontinuierlichen Lernens im Vergleich zu allen bisher bekannten Verfahren. Zum zweiten Punkt wurde eine Theorie der Analyse iterierter Prozesse entwickelt, die auf das mathematische Problem der Lösung von Funktionswurzeln führte. Für nichtlineare Systeme gibt es keine analytischen Lösungsmöglichkeiten, daher wurden erstmals Neuronale Netze zur Lösung dieses Problems verwendet. Die Ergebnisse aller grundlagenorientierten Arbeiten flossen in die Lösung eines industriellen Anwendungsproblems ein, bei der End- und Zwischenprofile warmgewalzter Stahlbänder modelliert und prognostiziert werden sollten. Dieser Prozess ist charakterisiert durch Nichtlinearität, Zeitvarianz („Tagesform“ der Anlage) und durch die nicht direkte Messbarkeit der Zwischenprofile, die sich als inverse Iteration (Funktionswurzel) aus dem Endprofil ergeben. Dieses Problem konnte auf elegante Weise durch eine Verknüpfung von analytischen und neuronalen Ansätzen gelöst werden. Neben dem unmittelbaren Wert der Ergebnisse bei der Lösung der beispielhaften Anwendung lassen sich die entwickelten Verfahren zum kontinuierlichen Lernen und zur Analyse iterierter Prozesse auf eine Vielzahl anderer Problemstellungen verallgemeinern und stellen eine gute Basis für weitere Forschungsarbeiten dar.

L’infection au virus du papillome humain oncogénique (VPH-HR) est associée au développement du cancer du col de l’utérus. L’expression des oncogènes viraux E6 et E7, qui favorisent la progression vers le cancer, est régulée par la région de contrôle longue ou LCR qui contient des sites de liaison pour plusieurs facteurs de transcription cellulaires et pour le répresseur viral E2. L’expression des oncogènes E6 et E7 est souvent dérégulée dans les cancers du col de l’utérus, une résultante de l’intégration du génome viral qui détruit fréquemment le cadre de lecture du gène E2. Plusieurs isolats ou variantes du VPH de type 33 (VPH33) avec une séquence nucléotidique du LCR différente du prototype ont été identifiés dans des spécimens de femmes infectées par le VPH et présentant des lésions intraépithéliales au niveau du col utérin. Deux polymorphismes, une délétion de 79 pb et la transversion C7732G, ont été associés à la persistance de l’infection et à un plus grand risque de développer une lésion intraépithéliale de haut-grade, respectivement. L’effet fonctionnel des polymorphismes du LCR du VPH33 sur l’expression génique virale, en particulier de la délétion de 79 pb et de C7732G, n’a jamais été caractérisé. Dans une première étude, l’activité transcriptionnelle des variantes de LCR du VPH33 a été comparée à celle du prototype dans les lignées cellulaires C33A et HeLa par des études de gènes rapporteurs suite à leur introduction en amont du gène de la Renilla luciférase. Nos résultats indiquent que l’activité transcriptionnelle des variantes du LCR du VPH33 reflète leur classification phylogénétique; les variantes issues de la lignée A2 étant les plus actives dans les C33A que le prototype du groupe A1. Des analyses par mutagenèse dirigée ont établi que l’activité accrue des LCRs de ces variantes est due à plusieurs variations, incluant la délétion de 79 pb et C7732G, et dont leur effet individuel est assez modeste. Dans les cellules HeLa, les niveaux de transcription des variantes de la lignée A2 étaient similaires à ceux observés chez le prototype. Cet effet a été attribué à la variation A7879G qui induit la répression du LCR dans ces cellules. Ces résultats indiquent que la combinaison de plusieurs variations dites faibles altère significativement l’activité transcriptionnelle du LCR du VPH33. D’un autre côté, les résultats rapportés dans notre deuxième étude indiquent que la mutation d’un élément important pour la régulation de la transcription virale peut tout autant altérer l’activité du LCR. La variante rare LCR10 de la lignée B montre une activité transcriptionnelle accrue comparée au prototype. Des analyses par mutagenèse dirigée ont identifié la variation T7791C comme étant responsable de l’activité augmentée du LCR10. L’effet stimulateur de ce polymorphisme est dû au fait qu’un site répresseur pour le facteur cellulaire C/EBPβ est aboli, tel que déterminé par des essais de liaison à l’ADN in vitro et de gène rapporteur. Un deuxième site C/EBPβ a également été identifié, cette fois-ci, agissant comme activateur de l’expression génique. Finalement, dans une troisième étude, nous montrons que C/EBPβ est un régulateur commun de l’expression des gènes chez les VPHs oncogéniques. Effectivement, plusieurs sites C/EBPβ sont retrouvés dans la région amplificatrice du LCR des VPHs à haut-risque tel que déterminé par des prédictions basées sur des matrices d’énergie et de fréquence. Certains de ces éléments sont similaires aux sites répresseurs et activateurs retrouvés dans le VPH33. Dans l’ensemble, nos études démontrent l’importance de caractériser l’effet individuel des polymorphismes du LCR pour mieux comprendre les mécanismes de modulation de la transcription des VPHs. De plus, nous montrons que C/EBPβ joue un rôle central autant dans la répression que dans l’activation de l’expression des gènes viraux. / The infection by the oncogenic human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is associated with the development of cervical cancer. The expression of the E6 and E7 viral oncogenes favors progression towards cancer and is driven by the long control region (LCR) which contains binding sites for both cellular factors and the viral E2 protein. The expression of these oncogenes is often upregulated in cervical cancer due to the integration of the viral genome which frequently disrupts the open reading frame of the repressor E2 gene. Several isolates or variants of HPV type 33 (HPV33) with a slightly different nucleotide sequence were previously identified in clinical samples from women infected with HPV33 and presenting squamous intraepithelial lesions of the uterus. Two polymorphisms, a 79-bp deletion and the C7732G transversion, were previously associated with an increased risk of persistence of infection and of developing high-grade lesions, respectively. The functional effect of polymorphisms in the HPV33 LCR on viral gene expression has never been assessed in particular for the 79-bp deletion and C7732G. In the first study presented here, the transcriptional activity of the HPV33 LCR variants were compared to that of the prototype in C33A and HeLa cell lines using gene reporter assays following their introduction upstream of the Renilla luciferase. Our results indicate that the LCR activity of the variants reflects their phylogenetic classification. As such, variants from the A2-sublineage were the most active in C33A cells when compared to the A1-sublineage prototype. Mutational analysis showed that the increased in LCR activity was the result of several weakly-acting variations, including the 79-bp deletion and C7732G. In HeLa cells, the lower transcriptional activity of the A2 variants was caused by A7879G which induces repression of the LCR in these cells. These results show that the combination of weakly-acting variations in the LCR significantly alters viral gene expression. In the second study, we show that the mutation of important regulatory elements also significantly enhances the transcriptional activity of the LCR. The rare HPV33 LCR10 variant from the B lineage exhibits increased transcriptional activity compared to the prototype. Mutational analysis shows that the T7791C variation is responsible for this phenotype. The stimulating effect of this variation is caused by the disruption of a repressor C/EBPβ site as determined in an in vitro DNA-binding assay and gene reporter assays. A second site necessary this time for the activation of the LCR was also identified. Finally, in the third study, we show that C/EBPβ is a common regulator of the oncogenic HPV gene expression. Several C/EBPβ sites were found in the enhancer region of the LCR of these HPV types as determined by our prediction using both energy- and frequency-based matrices. Some of these sites were found to be similar to the repressor and activating sites in the HPV33 LCR. Taken together, our studies highlight the importance of characterizing individual variations in the LCR in order to improve our knowledge on the mechanisms involved in the regulation of viral gene expression. We also show that the activating and inhibitory functions of C/EBPβ are important for the modulation of viral transcription.

O presente estudo procura discutir a validade, para um determinado caso, da principal tese da bibliografia dos anos 90 sobre os movimentos sociais brasileiros: a de que eles introduzem e ampliam direitos. O caso abordado é o da mudança da política habitacional da Prefeitura de São Paulo para as favelas (1979-1989): de uma política centrada na remoção para uma caracterizada pela urbanização. A pesquisa foi feita com base em um modelo desenvolvido no campo de estudo das políticas públicas (MSM3). Especificamente, a partir das proposições de Kingdon (1984). Desta forma, o estudo intenta verificar se, mesmo quando se parte de outra bibliografia, aquela tese se sustenta. Ou seja, se as conclusões a que se chega são similares, quanto ao lugar do movimento social na explicação dessa mudança da política pública. / This study discusses the validity, for a particular case, the main thesis of the literature of the 90s on Brazilian social movements: that they introduce and expand rights. The case discussed is the change of the Municipality of São Paulo favelas to housing policy (1979-1989): a policy focused on removal for a characterized by urbanization. The research was based on a model developed in the field of study of public policy (MSM3). Specifically, from the propositions of Kingdon (1984). Thus, the study intends to verify whether, even when another part of the bibliography, that argument holds up. That is, if the conclusions now reached are similar to previous ones, about the place of social movements in explaining this change in public policy

Die vorliegende Untersuchung behandelt den Homogenitätsbereich, sowie die strukturellen und physikalischen Eigenschaften der Clathrat-I-Phasen im System Ba-Au-Ge. Im Zustandsdiagramm existieren zwei separate Phasenbereiche mit Clathrat-I-Phasen unterschiedlicher Symmetrie, welche durch Au-Gehalt und Leerstellenkonzentration bestimmt wird. Bei niederem Goldgehalt existiert die Clathrat-I-Phase mit einer 2 × 2 × 2 Überstruktur des Basistyps in der Raumgruppe Ia-3d. Der Existenzbereich dieser Phase reicht bei 800 °C bis zur Zusammensetzung Ba8Aux•3–0.563xGe43–0.437x mit x = 1.1. Nach einem schmalen Zweiphasenbereich im Bereich 1.1 < x < 1.6 folgt für höhere Au-Konzentrationen eine neue, tetragonale Clathrat-I-Variante mit Raumgruppe P42/mmc. Diese umfasst den gesamten Homogenitätsbereich von x = 1.6 - 5.4. Für höherer Au-Konzentrationen nähert sich die Symmetrie dem Pm-3n-Basistyp an. Der thermoelektrische ZT-Wert steigt jeweils mit der Temperatur und erreicht für die Proben im Bereich x ≈ 5.4 bei 670 K ein Maximum von ≈ 0.9. Die Aufskalierung der Präparation und Voraussetzungen für den Generatorbau werden untersucht. / The present study deals with the homogeneity range as well as the structural and physical properties of clathrate I phases in the Ba-Au-Ge system. The phase diagram comprises phases with the clathrate I type of structure in two separate regions. The symmetry of the respective crystal structures is governed by both, Au content and vacancy concentration. At low gold content, the clathrate I phase forms a 2 × 2 × 2 superstructure of the base type with space group Ia-3d. At 800 °C this phase exists for the general composition formula Ba8Aux•3–0.563xGe43–0.437x till x = 1.1. After a narrow two-phase range in the region 1.1 < x < 1.6, a new, tetragonal clathrate I variant with space group P42/mmc follows for higher Au concentrations x = 1.6 - 5.4. For higher Au concentrations the crystal symmetry gradually approximates the common Pm-3n type of structure. The thermoelectric ZT value increases with temperature reaching a maximum of ≈ 0.9 for the samples in the range x ≈ 5.4 at 670 K. The upscaling of the preparation and other requirements for generator construction are examined.

O presente estudo procura discutir a validade, para um determinado caso, da principal tese da bibliografia dos anos 90 sobre os movimentos sociais brasileiros: a de que eles introduzem e ampliam direitos. O caso abordado é o da mudança da política habitacional da Prefeitura de São Paulo para as favelas (1979-1989): de uma política centrada na remoção para uma caracterizada pela urbanização. A pesquisa foi feita com base em um modelo desenvolvido no campo de estudo das políticas públicas (MSM3). Especificamente, a partir das proposições de Kingdon (1984). Desta forma, o estudo intenta verificar se, mesmo quando se parte de outra bibliografia, aquela tese se sustenta. Ou seja, se as conclusões a que se chega são similares, quanto ao lugar do movimento social na explicação dessa mudança da política pública. / This study discusses the validity, for a particular case, the main thesis of the literature of the 90s on Brazilian social movements: that they introduce and expand rights. The case discussed is the change of the Municipality of São Paulo favelas to housing policy (1979-1989): a policy focused on removal for a characterized by urbanization. The research was based on a model developed in the field of study of public policy (MSM3). Specifically, from the propositions of Kingdon (1984). Thus, the study intends to verify whether, even when another part of the bibliography, that argument holds up. That is, if the conclusions now reached are similar to previous ones, about the place of social movements in explaining this change in public policy

Die vorliegende Untersuchung behandelt den Homogenitätsbereich, sowie die strukturellen und physikalischen Eigenschaften der Clathrat-I-Phasen im System Ba-Au-Ge. Im Zustandsdiagramm existieren zwei separate Phasenbereiche mit Clathrat-I-Phasen unterschiedlicher Symmetrie, welche durch Au-Gehalt und Leerstellenkonzentration bestimmt wird. Bei niederem Goldgehalt existiert die Clathrat-I-Phase mit einer 2 × 2 × 2 Überstruktur des Basistyps in der Raumgruppe Ia-3d. Der Existenzbereich dieser Phase reicht bei 800 °C bis zur Zusammensetzung Ba8Aux•3–0.563xGe43–0.437x mit x = 1.1. Nach einem schmalen Zweiphasenbereich im Bereich 1.1 < x < 1.6 folgt für höhere Au-Konzentrationen eine neue, tetragonale Clathrat-I-Variante mit Raumgruppe P42/mmc. Diese umfasst den gesamten Homogenitätsbereich von x = 1.6 - 5.4. Für höherer Au-Konzentrationen nähert sich die Symmetrie dem Pm-3n-Basistyp an. Der thermoelektrische ZT-Wert steigt jeweils mit der Temperatur und erreicht für die Proben im Bereich x ≈ 5.4 bei 670 K ein Maximum von ≈ 0.9. Die Aufskalierung der Präparation und Voraussetzungen für den Generatorbau werden untersucht. / The present study deals with the homogeneity range as well as the structural and physical properties of clathrate I phases in the Ba-Au-Ge system. The phase diagram comprises phases with the clathrate I type of structure in two separate regions. The symmetry of the respective crystal structures is governed by both, Au content and vacancy concentration. At low gold content, the clathrate I phase forms a 2 × 2 × 2 superstructure of the base type with space group Ia-3d. At 800 °C this phase exists for the general composition formula Ba8Aux•3–0.563xGe43–0.437x till x = 1.1. After a narrow two-phase range in the region 1.1 < x < 1.6, a new, tetragonal clathrate I variant with space group P42/mmc follows for higher Au concentrations x = 1.6 - 5.4. For higher Au concentrations the crystal symmetry gradually approximates the common Pm-3n type of structure. The thermoelectric ZT value increases with temperature reaching a maximum of ≈ 0.9 for the samples in the range x ≈ 5.4 at 670 K. The upscaling of the preparation and other requirements for generator construction are examined.