O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da dieta, grupamento genético e sexo na produção de vitelões mantidos em pastagens de Brachiaria sp. e criados em Sistema Orgânico, analisando desempenho e características físico-químicas da carne. Cinqüenta e um bezerros Nelore e Limousin x Nelore foram suplementados em cocho privativo até a desmama. Os tratamentos foram: MSC, suplemento à base de milho+farelo de soja+ complexo mineral para lactentes; MSAC, suplemento à base de milho+farelo de soja+farelo de amendoim+ complexo mineral para lactentes; CMF, complexo mineral para lactentes. Após a desmama (aos 260 dias), os animais foram recriados à pasto, recebendo dois tratamentos (1 kg/animal/dia): MAP, ração à base de milho+farelo de soja e sal mineral à vontade; MASP, ração à base de milho+farelo de soja+farelo de amendoim e sal mineral à vontade. Foram mensurados o peso ao nascer (PN), peso de entrada no creep (PEC), peso de saída do creep (PSC), peso a desmama ajustado (PD), peso à fazenda (PFZ). Também foram determinados o ganho de peso do nascimento ao desmame (GNDA) e ganho de peso médio diário (GPMD). Os animais foram abatidos com idade média de 401 dias e PV médio de 227,75 kg. Após o abate, foram determinados o pH inicial (pH1) e peso da carcaça quente (PCQ). Após o resfriamento, determinaram-se o pH final (pH24), peso da carcaça fria (PCF), rendimento da carcaça fria (RC) e perdas por resfriamento (PR e PPR). Mensurou-se a área de olho de lombo (AOL) e espessura de gordura subcutânea (EGS) no Longissimus dorsi. Em amostras maturadas por 7 dias, foram avaliadas a cor (L*a*b*), perda de água por descongelamento (PAD), perda de água por cocção (PAC), perdas totais (PT) e força de cisalhamento (FC). Também se determinou o perfil dos ácidos graxos, colesterol e composição centesimal (CS) da carne. Houve interação entre sexo e grupo genético para PN (P<0,01); dieta e sexo para PCQ (P<0,05) e FC (P<0,01) e dieta, sexo e grupo genético para FC (P<0,05). Não foram observardas diferenças entre MSC, MSAC e CFM para nenhum dos caracteres até o abate. A EGS foi influenciada pela ração (P<0,01). O sexo influenciou PD (P<0,05), GPMD (P<0,01), GPDA (P<0,05), EGS (P<0,05) e CS (P<0,05), com exceção de matéria mineral. O grupamento genético, por sua vez, influenciou PEC (P<0,01), PD (P<0,01), GPM (P<0,01), GPDA (P<0,01), PSC (P<0,01), PFZ (P<0,01), PCQ (P<0,01), PCF (P<0,01), RC (P<0,05), PR (P<0,05), pH24 (P<0,01), AOL (P<0,01) e CS (P<0,05), com exceção de extrato etéreo e matéria mineral. Os resultados demonstraram que todas as suplementações podem ser utilizadas na produção de vitelões orgânicos sem detrimento ao desempenho e características físico-químicas da carne. Por outro lado, o grupamento genético, bem como o sexo do animal, podem influenciar características importantes dentro do Sistema de Produção. Em se tratando de produto orgânico, estudos adicionais devem ser realizados na tentativa de conciliar as exigências mercadológicas necessárias para comercialização e as normas exigidas para a sua produção. / The objective of this study was to evaluated the effect of creep fed, gender and breed on the performance and physical chemical composition of &#34;vitelão&#34; meat raised under organic condition on pastures of Brachiaria sp. Fifty one Nellore and Limousin x Nellore calves were fed until wean with different creep feeding: ground corn+soybean meal+special mineral complex for suckling calves (C1); ground corn+soybean meal+peanut meal+special mineral complex for suckling calves (C2); special mineral complex for suckling calves (C3). After weaning (260 days), the calves were maintained on pasture and distributed in two treatments: ground corn+soybean meal+ mineral salt (R1); ground corn+soybean meal+peanut meal+mineral salt. There were determinate the born weight (BW), initial creep weight (ICE), end creep weight (ECE), average daily gain (ADG), weaning weight (WW) and farm weight (FW). The animals were slaughtered at 401 days old and 227,75 LW. After slaughter, there were determinate the pH (pH1) and hot carcass weight (HCW). After cooling, there were determinate the parameters: cold carcass weight (CCW), carcass dressing (CD), ultimate pH (pH24) and refrigerated losses (RL). At 12th and 13th ribs on Longissimus dorsi were obtained rib eye area (REA), thickness of subcutaneous fat (TSF), shear force (SF), drip loss (DL), cooking loss (CL), instrumental colour (IC), fatty acid profile, cholesterol and chemical composition (CC). The results showed that there were not significant differences (P>0.05) between the diets for the parameters, except for TSF (P<0.01). The gender influenced the BW (P<0.05), ADG (P<0.01), TSF (P<0.05) and CC (P<0.05). The breed influenced the ICE (P<0.01), WW (P<0.01), ADG (P<0.01), ECE (P<0.01), FW (P<0.01), HCW (P<0.01), CCW (P<0.01), CD (P<0.05), RL (P<0.05), pH24 (P<0.01), REA (P<0.01), CC (P<0.05). The results showed that all diets can be use in &#34;vitelão&#34; system production without detriment of their performance or physical chemical characteristics. In despite of this, the gender and breed can influence important characteristics of the Production System. In organic foods, more study need to be done to conciliate the market requirements and the norms for Organic production.

No description available.

Le terme veaux laitiers se réfère aux veaux mâles et femelles non retenus pour le remplacement et vendus en jeune âge. L’objectif de cette étude était d’évaluer l’association entre les caractéristiques et les pratiques de la ferme et le prix final de veaux laitiers lors de leurs mises en marche dans deux encans québécois. Les éleveurs des fermes d’origine des veaux ont été contactés pour répondre à un questionnaire sur les caractéristiques et les pratiques de leur ferme. L’association entre les caractéristiques et les pratiques de la ferme et le percentile de la médiane du prix des veaux a été évaluée via un modèle multivariable de régression linéaire. Un total de 509 éleveurs a été contacté, 433 ont accepté de participer et 409 questionnaires ont été retenus pour les analyses statistiques. Les fermes ont vendu en médiane deux veaux (entre 1 et 19) et la majorité (82%) était de race Holstein. Leur prix était positivement associé à une production moyenne par vache/an supérieure à 11 000 litres et à la présence sur la ferme de trois travailleurs et plus s’occupant des veaux. Leur prix était négativement associé à la vaccination des vaches pour la diarrhée néonatale, l’absence de désinfection du cordon ombilical des veaux, l’interdiction aux transporteurs d’entrer dans les bâtiments de la ferme et à l’utilisation de ripe de bois comme litière des veaux. Les résultats démontrent que les caractéristiques et les pratiques de la ferme d’origine sont associées au prix des veaux laitiers / The term surplus calf defines the male calves and heifers culled within two weeks of life. The objective of this study was to evaluate the associations between the characteristics and the practice of the dairy farms and the price of surplus calves. Their selling price (CAD/kg) were recorded in two-auction markets between 2019 and 2020. The farms who sold calves during the study were contacted to answer the survey. The possible association between the characteristics and the practices of the farms and the median percentile of surplus calves’ selling price per farm was assessed using a multivariable linear regression model. A total of 509 farmers were contacted, 433 of them have accepted to be enrolled and 409 questionnaires were retained for statistical analysis. The median of the surplus calves sold by the farm was two (between 1 and 19) and the majority were Holstein (82%). The covariates that were positively associated with the median percentile of surplus calves’ selling price per farm were an average milk production per cow/year superior to 11,000 liters and the presence of the farm of three or more workers available to take care of calves. Their selling price was negatively associated with vaccination of cows for neonatal calf diarrhea, no disinfection of the navel of newborn calves, no forbid transporters to entry in the farm’s buildings and use of wood shaving as bedding for surplus calves. The results show the association between the characteristics and practices of farms and the price of surplus calves.

No description available.