O uso de técnicas de replicação de dados em dispositivos móveis permite que uma aplicação móvel compartilhe dados com um servidor e possa atuar sobre tais dados durante períodos de desconexão. Embora essa característica seja fundamental em diversos domínios, a reconciliação das transações que foram aplicadas sobre a réplica móvel dos dados apresenta-se como um desafio a ser superado. O uso de bloqueios apresenta-se impraticável em determinados domínios de aplicação. Por outro lado, ao permitir a execução de operações de escrita em diversas réplicas sem uma sincronização a priori, o sistema se torna suscetível a conflitos de atualização, sendo necessário a implementação de um mecanismo de resolução de conflitos. Resolver conflitos é uma tarefa complexa e propensa a erros, em especial nos casos em que há a necessidade de intervenção humana. Diante desse cenário, foi desenvolvido um modelo para controle de transações em bancos de dados autônomos que faz uso de metadados e multiversão de banco de dados de forma a permitir a auditoria e retificação de resoluções de conflitos. Isso torna a resolução de conflitos uma operação não destrutiva, reduzindo, assim, o impacto de uma resolução de conflito incorreta. Neste trabalho é apresentado também um arcabouço para reconciliação de transações que implementa o modelo proposto. Como estudo de caso, o arcabouço desenvolvido foi utilizado para implementar a integração entre dois sistemas reais que possuem necessidades de replicação de dados e atualizações desconectadas. / The use of data replication techniques on mobile devices allows a mobile application to share data with a server and to work on such data while disconnected. While this feature is crucial in some application domains, the reconciliation of transactions applied to the mobile replica of data proves to be challenging. The use of locking is not feasible in some application domains. However, allowing write operations to be applied on several replicas without \\emph{a priori} synchronization makes the system susceptible to update conflicts, requiring a conflict resolution mechanism. Conflict resolution is a complex and error prone task, specially when human intervention is involved. Given this scenario, we developed a transactions control model for autonomous databases that uses metadata and database versioning to provide auditing and rectification of conflict resolutions. This turns the conflict resolution into a nondestructive operation, thus reducing the impact of an incorrect conflict resolution. This work presents also a framework for transaction reconciliation that implements the proposed model. As a case study, the developed framework was used to integrate two real systems that needed data replication and disconnected updates.

Systems can become misconfigured for a variety of reasons such as operator errors or buggy patches. When a misconfiguration is discovered, usually the first order of business is to restore availability, often by undoing the misconfiguration. To simplify this task, we propose Ocasta to automatically determine which files contain configuration state. Ocasta uses a novel {\em similarity} metric to measures how similar a file's versions are to each other, and a set of filters to eliminate non-persistent files from consideration. These two mechanisms enable Ocasta to identify all 72 configuration files out of 2363 versioned files from 6 common applications in two user traces, while mistaking only 33 non-configuration files as configuration files. Ocasta allows a versioning file system to eliminate roughly 66\% of non-configuration file versions from its logs, thus reducing the number of file versions that a user must manually examine to recover from a misconfiguration.

Systems can become misconfigured for a variety of reasons such as operator errors or buggy patches. When a misconfiguration is discovered, usually the first order of business is to restore availability, often by undoing the misconfiguration. To simplify this task, we propose Ocasta to automatically determine which files contain configuration state. Ocasta uses a novel {\em similarity} metric to measures how similar a file's versions are to each other, and a set of filters to eliminate non-persistent files from consideration. These two mechanisms enable Ocasta to identify all 72 configuration files out of 2363 versioned files from 6 common applications in two user traces, while mistaking only 33 non-configuration files as configuration files. Ocasta allows a versioning file system to eliminate roughly 66\% of non-configuration file versions from its logs, thus reducing the number of file versions that a user must manually examine to recover from a misconfiguration.

This thesis examines the implications of three early twentieth-century First Nations collaborations that were produced in the context of salvage ethnography and attributed mainly to their non-aboriginal collaborators: Henry Tate and Franz Boas’s Tsimshian Mythology (1916), E. Pauline Johnson and Chief Joe Capilano’s Legends of Vancouver (1912), and Chief William K’HHalserten Sepass and Eloise Street’s Sepass Poems (1911-15). By using a versioning framework to attain a “fluid” reading across variants, I can identify the intercultural mediations across versions and attempt to engage in a form of digital repatriation. Through digital archives like Kimberly Christen’s “Mukurtu” project, these cultural documents can be repatriated and accessed only by those who, following cultural protocols, should have access. Ultimately, an analysis of variants suggests that while salvage ethnography privileged the non-aboriginal collaborators, the changeability of these narratives across versions functions to perpetually unfix these texts from a static concept of aboriginal identity.

The aim of this study is to investigate if there is a way a computer can accurately and automatically react on altered configuration file(s) with a minimum of resource utilization and by what means the developer(s) of an application can perform a check of the altered configuration file for their application. In a typical GNU/Linux installation the configuration files are literally counted by the thousands, monitoring these files is a task that for the most part exceeds any system administrator's abilities. Each file has its own syntax that needs to be known by the administrator. Either one of these two tasks could give any system administrator nightmares concerning the difficulty level especially when both tasks are combined. The system administrator could attempt to automate the monitoring tasks together with the syntax checking. There are some tools in the repositories of each distribution for monitoring files but none that lets one monitor and take (predefined or user defined) actions based on what the file monitor reports, the type of file and its contents. A complete tool is not presented in this study, merely a proof of concept that monitoring and taking actions especially with version 2.6.13 (or newer) kernel of GNU/Linux with plugins are quite possible with relatively small computer resource. During this study some questions arose that are worth taking into consideration when a complete monitoring tool is to be developed, amongst others they are: add a trusted user, add both textual and graphical user interface, monitor more than one file path. This study was performed on GNU/Linux CentOS 6 distribution, all programming was done in BASH with an effort to minimize used/installed programs.

Voices and Silences: Exploring English and French Versions at the National Film Board of Canada, 1939-1974 Abstract The National Film Board of Canada (NFB) is unique as a state-sponsored filmmaking institution for its bilingualism: it has consistently produced and distributed films in English and French and made versions of some of those films in the opposite language. This doctoral thesis fills a gap in existing literature on the NFB and in translation studies by taking the versions as its object of study. The corpus is drawn from the vast body of audiovisual productions made by the NFB between 1939 and 1974, when voice-over was the preferred mode of audiovisual translation. Voice-over can refer to either the translated narration that replaces the original voice of narration-led documentaries, or to the audiovisual voice-over of documentaries built around interviews and spontaneous speech. Against the backdrop of asymmetrical language relations between English and French in Canada, this thesis offers a retelling of the NFB’s early history that emphasizes the intertwining threads of English and French production and identifies several approaches to version making. From 1939 to the mid-1950s, with English-language production dominant at the NFB and little original production in French, versions from English to French were a central element of film in Quebec. They bear witness to an interventionist approach to translating, whereby the original film is treated as raw material that can be shaped to appeal to local audiences. Subsequently, an increase in French original production, reflecting changing documentary aesthetics and growing nationalism in Quebec, led to a correspondingly higher number of French-to-English versions. These versions adopted a mediating approach by adding a narrator’s voice in English to originals that eschewed narration, bringing the innovative French films into conformity with the traditional model. The period from 1967 to 1974 is one of fragmentation and is characterized by a high level of non-translation, whether of the Challenge for Change/Société nouvelle films or those of Studio D. The few films that were versioned, however, showed great sensitivity to language. Non-translation of a different kind can be found in many Aboriginal films produced at the NFB. The NFB’s long-standing commitment to translation makes it a valuable site for studying audiovisual translation practices and changing language relations in Canada. Voix et silences : Une exploration des versions anglaises et françaises produites par l’Office national du film du Canada, 1939-1974 Résumé L’Office national du film du Canada (ONF), institution financée par l’État pour la création d’œuvres cinématographiques, se distingue par son bilinguisme, car il a toujours produit et distribué ses films en anglais ou en français tout en prenant soin de fournir une version dans la langue opposée. La thèse se penche sur ces versions et vient combler un vide dans les recherches sur l’ONF ainsi qu’en traductologie. Le corpus à l’étude provient d’une vaste production audiovisuelle réalisée entre 1939 et 1974, époque où le mode de traduction privilégié des documentaires était la voix hors-champ. Ce terme désigne autant la narration traduite qui remplace la voix originale que la voix en surimposition utilisée pour les entrevues et le discours spontané. La thèse relate les débuts de l’ONF dans le contexte des relations asymétriques entre l’anglais et le français au Canada et porte un regard neuf sur les liens entre les studios anglophones et francophones en plus de décrire certaines tendances dans la production de versions. De 1939 jusqu’au milieu des années 1950, lorsque l’anglais dominait, par rapport aux rares films produits originalement en français, les versions françaises traduites de l’anglais contribuèrent substantiellement à la cinématographie québécoise. Elles témoignent d’une stratégie de traduction interventionniste, par laquelle le film original est considéré comme une matière première que l’on peut manipuler afin d’accrocher le public local. Par suite d’un changement dans l’esthétique du documentaire et de la montée du nationalisme québécois, les originaux en langue française s’accrurent et entraînèrent une augmentation des versions du français à l’anglais. Celles-ci usèrent d’un mode de médiation qui consistait à rajouter une voix narrative anglophone aux films novateurs en français, du fait qu’ils avaient évacué la narration, soumettant ainsi les créations originales au modèle traditionnel. La période de 1967 à 1974 en est une de fragmentation se caractérisant par un nombre élevé de films non traduits, tels que ceux produits dans le cadre du programme Challenge for Change/Société nouvelle ou par le Studio D. Les quelques productions qui furent traduites, cependant, connurent des versions d’une grande sensibilité linguistique. Un phénomène de non-traduction, mais d’un autre ordre, s’observe par ailleurs dans certains films autochtones. Depuis longtemps, l’ONF s’est engagé à traduire ses productions; c’est ce qui en fait un site riche pour l’étude des pratiques de la traduction audiovisuelle et du changement des relations entre les langues au Canada.

O uso de técnicas de replicação de dados em dispositivos móveis permite que uma aplicação móvel compartilhe dados com um servidor e possa atuar sobre tais dados durante períodos de desconexão. Embora essa característica seja fundamental em diversos domínios, a reconciliação das transações que foram aplicadas sobre a réplica móvel dos dados apresenta-se como um desafio a ser superado. O uso de bloqueios apresenta-se impraticável em determinados domínios de aplicação. Por outro lado, ao permitir a execução de operações de escrita em diversas réplicas sem uma sincronização a priori, o sistema se torna suscetível a conflitos de atualização, sendo necessário a implementação de um mecanismo de resolução de conflitos. Resolver conflitos é uma tarefa complexa e propensa a erros, em especial nos casos em que há a necessidade de intervenção humana. Diante desse cenário, foi desenvolvido um modelo para controle de transações em bancos de dados autônomos que faz uso de metadados e multiversão de banco de dados de forma a permitir a auditoria e retificação de resoluções de conflitos. Isso torna a resolução de conflitos uma operação não destrutiva, reduzindo, assim, o impacto de uma resolução de conflito incorreta. Neste trabalho é apresentado também um arcabouço para reconciliação de transações que implementa o modelo proposto. Como estudo de caso, o arcabouço desenvolvido foi utilizado para implementar a integração entre dois sistemas reais que possuem necessidades de replicação de dados e atualizações desconectadas. / The use of data replication techniques on mobile devices allows a mobile application to share data with a server and to work on such data while disconnected. While this feature is crucial in some application domains, the reconciliation of transactions applied to the mobile replica of data proves to be challenging. The use of locking is not feasible in some application domains. However, allowing write operations to be applied on several replicas without \\emph{a priori} synchronization makes the system susceptible to update conflicts, requiring a conflict resolution mechanism. Conflict resolution is a complex and error prone task, specially when human intervention is involved. Given this scenario, we developed a transactions control model for autonomous databases that uses metadata and database versioning to provide auditing and rectification of conflict resolutions. This turns the conflict resolution into a nondestructive operation, thus reducing the impact of an incorrect conflict resolution. This work presents also a framework for transaction reconciliation that implements the proposed model. As a case study, the developed framework was used to integrate two real systems that needed data replication and disconnected updates.

No description available.

Mina meddelanden (English: My Messages) is a secure electronic mail service provided by seven Swedish public authorities, which may be used by the Swedish population to electronically receive mail from the public sector. The IT infrastructure of this mail service is primarily developed and maintained by the Swedish Tax Agency. It is built on Web Services and the principles of Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA). This allows external stakeholders to connect to the system as subsystems: Senders, Postal Services or Mailbox Operators, each designed to either send, mediate or receive mail using Web Services. Used in this way, Web Services allow for a loosely coupled system, however, system upgrades must be deployed in an orderly fashion so as to prevent breakdowns. The main research areas of this literature review, conducted with an iterative search process, include versioning of Web Services, SOA strategies, design patterns and frameworks. Based on the findings of this research, two theoretical approaches are suggested for Mina meddelanden: (i) a gradual change between two strictly controlled versions with a unified repository to store relevant Web service artifacts and documentations, and (ii) more generally to implement an integration platform that includes a service bus to mediate messages to the most suitable version. Mina meddelanden is a government project, and there are strict IT regulations and directives that must be followed. Therefore, the first approach is the most suitable at the time of writing, since there is already a working version of the system that follows these rules. Future implementation of an integration platform requires further study to ensure legal requirements are met. / Mina meddelanden är en säker digital posttjänst som tillhandahålls av sju svenska myndigheter och kan användas av den svenska befolkningen för att ta emot post elektroniskt från den offentliga sektorn. IT-infrastrukturen av denna posttjänst utvecklas och underhålls främst av Skatteverket. Den är byggd på webbtjänster och principerna av en tjänsteorienterad arkitektur (SOA). Detta gör det möjligt för externa aktörer att ansluta till systemet som delsystemen: Avsändare, Förmedlare eller Brevlådeoperatörer som är utformade för att antingen skicka, förmedla eller ta emot e-post med hjälp av webbtjänster. Webbtjänster gör det möjligt för delsystemen att samarbeta med varandra, men uppdateringar utav ett sådant system måste ske på ett metodiskt sätt för att förhindra haverier. Det huvudsakliga undersökningsområdet av denna litteraturstudie, genomfördes med en iterativ sökprocess, omfattas av versionshantering av webbtjänster, SOA strategier, designmallar och ramverk. Baserat på litteraturstudien förslås två teoretiska tillvägagångssätt för Mina meddelanden: (i) en succesiv förändring mellan två strikta och kontrollerade versioner med ett enat förvar för att lagra relevanta webbtjänster artefakter och dokumentationer och (ii) en mer generell lösning att implementera en integrationsplattform som inkluderar en tjänstebuss för att förmedla meddelanden till den mest passande versionen. Mina meddelanden är ett statligt projekt och måste därför följa strikta IT direktiv och riktlinjer, så det första tillvägagångssättet är den bäst kvalificerad i skrivande stund på grund av att det redan finns en fungerande version av systemet som följer dessa regler. Framtida implementationer av en integrationsplattform kräver ytterligare studier för att säkerställa att juridiska krav är uppnådda.

The notion of change is one of the more pronounced challenges API developers face, since a change to published APIs means a change for its’ consumers. API Versioning is a commonly used strategy to mitigate the risks of changing APIs, however, the strategy introduces a possibility of having practically innumerable number of API versions published at once, all possibly used by different consumers, creating considerable overhead for API developers to manage. API Versioning and API version management are well-researched disciplines. Nevertheless, Yasmin et al. (2020) have identified a research gap in the support for API consumers to made aware of API deprecations in a proactive and automatic fashion. API Versioning in the context of microservices– which the literature seldom addresses– may serve as an interesting solution space for answering the call of Yasmin et al. (2020), due to the architecture’s strong ties to continuous integration– a practice concerned with automatically and proactively ensuring software quality. Concisely, this thesis is set out to answer Yasmin et al.’s (2020) call for research by utilizing the underexplored contextualization of microservices and continuous integration. Using a Design Science Research strategy, this thesis proposes a model detailing how deprecated RESTful web API version usage can be automatically and proactively detected in microservices using continuous integration. The model is subsequently proven to be instantiable via a proof of concept, designed for and situated at a national Swedish bank. Through a series of in-vitro simulations at the bank, the proof of concept is demonstrated to successfully being able to automatically and proactively detect deprecated RESTful web API version usage. An evaluation of the solution shows that the proof of concept– and by extent the model– fulfills the demarcated research objectives of automaticity, proactivity, generality, and autonomy. Thus, the proposed solution is determined to be both novel and useful, successfully answering the call of Yasmin et al. (2020) in the context of microservices and continuous integration.