Projektet har utförts på uppdrag av Mont Blanc som är en tillverkare av takräcken, takboxar och cykelhållare m.m. Uppdragsgivaren har intresse av att testa sina takräcken för vibrationer som orsakas av en bil i rörelse. Uppgiften har bestått i att ta fram förslag på utrustning som kan simulera vibrationer från vägbana samt rekommendation på hur takräckena skall fästas på utrustningen. Arbetet inleddes med datainsamling genom intervjuer samt möten med uppdragsgivaren och återförsäljare. För att ta reda på vilka typer av utrustning som finns på marknaden gjordes en marknadsanalys. Parallellt med detta gjordes idé- och konceptgenerering för fästanordningen. Resultatet blev ett system med en elektrodynamisk vibrator som skakar takräckena i en axel. Den elektrodynamiska vibratorn fungerar som en högtalare. Den verkar genom att en talspole rör sig upp och ner i ett magnetfält med hjälp av växelström och därmed får armaturen att skaka. Fästanordningen som rekommenderas består av en T-spårskena och T-spårmutter vilka först skruvas fast i en platta och sedan i monteringsbordet på skakutrustningen. Takräckena monteras på fixturer som sedan skruvas fast i T-spårskenan. Fästanordningen tillåter justering av fixturerna i en axel vilket var ett av uppdragsgivarens krav. I studien diskuteras behovet av en vibrationsutrustning som testar takräcken i fler än en axel i taget, samt svårigheterna med att jämföra olika systemförslag. Rekommendationen är ett system bestående av en elektrodynamisk vibrator och montering med T-spårskena.

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Die Arbeit ist der Weiterentwicklung der Formgebungs- und Verdichtungsausrüstungen zur Herstellung von Beton- und Stahlbetonrohren gewidmet. Es werden die Grundlagen für eine schwingungstechnische Auslegung von Betonrohrfertigern mit stehendem und steigendem Kern geschaffen. Den Ausgangspunkt bildet die Untersuchung des Verdichtungsprozesses in Rohrfertigern und der Einflußgrößen auf die Vibrationsverdichtung des Betongemenges. Es werden experimentelle Untersuchungen an einem Versuchsstand und praktische industrielle Erfahrungen dargestellt. Für die schwingungstechnische Auslegung der Verdichtungseinrichtung von Rohrfertigern werden diskrete Modelle mit analytischen Lösungen sowie Modelle zur numerischen Simulation auf der Basis der Mehrkörperdynamik und der Finite-Elemente-Methode gebildet. Es erfolgen Empfehlungen zur Auslegung und Ansätze zur Weiterentwicklung von Rohrfertiger.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:12:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tatiana Fernandes Cili.pdf: 1959713 bytes, checksum: 95c16fc57e6e2cf785b81f8534de86bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Clinical audiology literature and practice raise questions about bone conduction assessment results. The most common questions are related to the reliability of bone conduction thresholds as they suffer a lot of artifacts that may mislead the results obtained. Silman & Silverman (1997) describe two important factors that could interfere in such measurement: acoustic radiation (escaping acoustic energy that can be heard by air conduction, mainly in the high frequencies) and bone vibrator positioning in the mastoid. In order to obtain bone conduction thresholds in 2 kHz, or at higher frequencies, researchers suggest the insertion of earplugs in either the tested ear or in both ears to prevent acoustic radiation. In order to increase reliability on bone conduction evaluation researchers suggest that the patient must position the bone vibrator at the point on mastoid that he has the biggest sensation of sound stimuli. Objectives: 1. to investigate the bone vibrator s positioning influence in bone conduction thresholds evaluation for 500, 1k, 2k, 3k, and 4 kHz in normal hearing subjects. 2. to investigate the influence of insert earplugs on bone conduction thresholds measurement for 2000, 3000 and 4000 Hz in normal hearing subjects. Specific Objectives: 1- to determine the bone conduction sensitivity due to the influence of the bone vibrator s positioning in the mastoid to obtain bone conduction thresholds at 500, 1k, 2k, 3k, and 4 kHz in normal hearing subjects. 2 - to determine bone conduction threshold with and without insert earplug in order to investigate the presence of the acoustic radiation phenomenon during the bone conduction assessment at 2k, 3k, and 4 kHz in normal hearing subjects. Methods: Thirty six ears from 18 subjects were examined. Both ears were tested for air and bone conduction in a sound booth. The RADIOEAR B71 bone vibrator was used to assess bone conduction at 500, 1k, 2k, 3k, and 4 kHz. Two audiometers were used: Interacoustics AC40 and Betamedical Beta 6000. To evaluate the effect of the bone vibrator positioning, bone conduction thresholds were obtained using narrow band noise, at the opposite ear, at 30 dB HL in 1 dB steps (Ritcher; Brinkman; 1981); and to assess the effects of the acoustic radiation the examiner positioned the bone vibrator and inserted a foam earplug in the tested ear (Robinson; Shipton; 1982). Results: Bone vibrator s positioning influence was present in bone conduction thresholds evaluation at 500, 1000 e 3000 Hz, in more than 20% of the cases. This study proved that, when assessing bone conduction, the acoustic radiation phenomenon was present at 2k, 3k, and 4 kHz in 70% of the cases, mainly at 3 kHz. Conclusion: The acoustic radiation phenomenon was present mainly at 3 kHz, besides being present at 2k and 4 kHz. This could lead to an inaccurate interpretation of test results, which depend on reliable air and bone conduction values / A literatura e a prática na área da audiologia clínica, nos fazem questionar até que ponto o resultado da avaliação da via óssea de um sujeito é verdadeira ou é produto da interferência de atos ou fatos que ocorrem durante a audiometria. Silman e Silverman (1997) pontuam dois importantes fatores que podem interferir nessa medida: a radiação acústica (fuga de energia sonora do vibrador ósseo que poderia ser ouvida pela via aérea, principalmente em freqüências altas) e o posicionamento do vibrador ósseo na mastóide. Para obtenção dos limiares por via óssea em 2 kHz ou em freqüências mais altas, autores sugerem a inserção de plugs na orelha sob teste ou nas duas orelhas, para prevenir a radiação acústica. Para evitar o efeito do posicionamento do vibrador ósseo, os autores sugerem que o paciente posicione o vibrador ósseo no local onde sente o estímulo acústico mais intenso. Objetivos: 1. investigar a influência do posicionamento do vibrador ósseo na mastóide na obtenção do limiar tonal por via óssea para as freqüências de 500, 1k, 2k, 3k e 4k Hz, em sujeitos sem queixa auditiva; 2. investigar a influência do plug auricular na medida dos limiares ósseos de 2000, 3000 e 4000 Hz. Objetivos específicos: 1 - determinar os valores de sensibilidade da via óssea devido à influência do posicionamento do vibrador ósseo na mastóide para a obtenção do limiar tonal por via óssea para as freqüências de 500, 1k, 2k, 3k e 4k Hz, em sujeitos sem queixa auditiva. 2 - determinar os valores de sensibilidade da via óssea com e sem e com plug auditivo, para as freqüências de 2k, 3k e 4k Hz, em sujeitos sem queixa auditiva, para determinar a existência do fenômeno da radiação acústica na obtenção do limiar tonal por via óssea. Método: Foram examinadas 36 orelhas de 18 indivíduos; audiometria tonal por via aérea e óssea em ambas as orelhas, em cabine acústica. O modelo do vibrador ósseo foi RADIOEAR B71 para avaliar as freqüências 500, 1k, 2k, 3k, 4k Hz (via óssea). Audiômetro da Marca Interacoustics, modelo AC40 e da Marca Betamedical, modelo Beta 6000. Para avaliar o efeito do posicionamento do vibrador ósseo foi realizada a pesquisa do limiar de sensibilidade auditiva da via óssea, em degraus de 1 dB, com ruído de banda estreita de 30 dBNA, na orelha oposta (Richter; Brinkmann; 1981); para avaliar o efeito da radiação acústica foi realizada a medida da via óssea, com o vibrador ósseo posicionado pelo examinador e inserção de um plug automoldável na orelha examinada, (Robinson; Shipton; 1982). Resultados: Em 500, 1 e 3 kHz mais de 20% das pessoas tiveram seus limiares por via óssea alterados em mais de 6 dB, devido ao efeito do posicionamento do vibrador ósseo. Este estudo comprovou o fenômeno da radiação acústica nas freqüências de 2, 3 e 4 kHz quando a via óssea foi avaliada, principalmente em 3 kHz, em 70% dos casos. Conclusão: O fenômeno da radiação acústica estava presente principalmente em 3 kHz, além de estar presente em 2 e 4 kHz. O que pode levar a interpretação errônea dos resultados audiométricos que dependem da exatidão dos valores aéreos e ósseos

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-07-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:35:11Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 cauz_lo_me_sjrp.pdf: 1991139 bytes, checksum: c18750cde05438df23eec43208d0eb54 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Neste trabalho apresentamos um estudo da dinâmica de um sistema vibrante não ideal, composto por um motor e uma mola, conhecido como vibrador centrífugo. O objetivo deste estudo é mostrar a diferença de comportamento do sistema, quando consideramos molas duras (coeficiente de elasticidade cúbica positivo) ou molas suaves (coeficiente de elasticidade cúbica negativo). Para mola dura foi analisada a estabilidade dos pontos de equilíbrio, e mostrada por meio da teoria de variedade central e do teorema de Bezout a existência da bifurcação de Hopf. Para mola suave, þe mostrada a existência de uma órbita heteroclínica conectando dois pontos de sela. Usando o método clássico de Melnikov, é discutida a existência ou não do comportamento caótico para um determinado nível de energia e para certos valores do coeficiente de amortecimento. Toda a análise é acompanhada de simulações numéricas para a confirmação dos resultados. / In this work we present a study of the dynamics of a non-ideal vibrating system, composed by a motor and a spring, which is known as centrifugal vibrator. The purpose of this study is to show the difference of behavior of the system when we consider hard springs (positive coefficient of cubical elasticity) or soft springs (negative coefficient of cubical elasticity). For hard spring the stability of the fixed point was analyzed, and by means of the Central Manifolds Theory and the Bezout theorem the existence of the Hopf Bifurcation is shown. For soft spring, it is shown the existence of a heteroclinic orbit connecting two saddle points. Using the classical Melnikov method it is discussed the existence, or not, of the chaotic behavior for some energy level and certain values of the damping coefficient. All the analysis is followed by numerical simulations to confirm the results.

Orientador: Masayoshi Tsuchida / Banca: Márcio José Horta Dantas / Banca: Manoel Ferreira Borges Neto / Resumo: Neste trabalho apresentamos um estudo da dinâmica de um sistema vibrante não ideal, composto por um motor e uma mola, conhecido como vibrador centrífugo. O objetivo deste estudo é mostrar a diferença de comportamento do sistema, quando consideramos molas duras (coeficiente de elasticidade cúbica positivo) ou molas suaves (coeficiente de elasticidade cúbica negativo). Para mola dura foi analisada a estabilidade dos pontos de equilíbrio, e mostrada por meio da teoria de variedade central e do teorema de Bezout a existência da bifurcação de Hopf. Para mola suave, þe mostrada a existência de uma órbita heteroclínica conectando dois pontos de sela. Usando o método clássico de Melnikov, é discutida a existência ou não do comportamento caótico para um determinado nível de energia e para certos valores do coeficiente de amortecimento. Toda a análise é acompanhada de simulações numéricas para a confirmação dos resultados. / Abstract: In this work we present a study of the dynamics of a non-ideal vibrating system, composed by a motor and a spring, which is known as centrifugal vibrator. The purpose of this study is to show the difference of behavior of the system when we consider hard springs (positive coefficient of cubical elasticity) or soft springs (negative coefficient of cubical elasticity). For hard spring the stability of the fixed point was analyzed, and by means of the Central Manifolds Theory and the Bezout theorem the existence of the Hopf Bifurcation is shown. For soft spring, it is shown the existence of a heteroclinic orbit connecting two saddle points. Using the classical Melnikov method it is discussed the existence, or not, of the chaotic behavior for some energy level and certain values of the damping coefficient. All the analysis is followed by numerical simulations to confirm the results. / Mestre

Die Arbeit ist der Weiterentwicklung der Formgebungs- und Verdichtungsausrüstungen zur Herstellung von Beton- und Stahlbetonrohren gewidmet. Es werden die Grundlagen für eine schwingungstechnische Auslegung von Betonrohrfertigern mit stehendem und steigendem Kern geschaffen. Den Ausgangspunkt bildet die Untersuchung des Verdichtungsprozesses in Rohrfertigern und der Einflußgrößen auf die Vibrationsverdichtung des Betongemenges. Es werden experimentelle Untersuchungen an einem Versuchsstand und praktische industrielle Erfahrungen dargestellt. Für die schwingungstechnische Auslegung der Verdichtungseinrichtung von Rohrfertigern werden diskrete Modelle mit analytischen Lösungen sowie Modelle zur numerischen Simulation auf der Basis der Mehrkörperdynamik und der Finite-Elemente-Methode gebildet. Es erfolgen Empfehlungen zur Auslegung und Ansätze zur Weiterentwicklung von Rohrfertiger.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Little existing research has examined women’s solo masturbation and vibrator usage in a way that highlights the importance of both sexual agency and the sexual/romantic relationship context. This research evaluates if and how social factors, partnership status and the relationship context, and sexual self-concept impact a woman’s behaviors and attitudes toward masturbation and vibrator use. Using cross-sectional survey data from adult women (N=112), descriptive and bivariate analyses were used to explore a variety of factors. Single and partnered women did not differ significantly on a majority of measures, suggesting that partnership status may play an insignificant role in predicting women’s solo sex attitudes and behaviors. Regarding the relationship context, partner communication and positivity toward masturbation and vibrator use significantly varied together. Finally, greater sexual openness and sexual entitlement were associated with higher masturbation frequency. Results from this study suggest that masturbation and vibrator use are common among adult women, and women are capable of sexual agency in relation to masturbation and vibrator use, whether they are in established partnerships or not.

Man’s desire to replicate/mimic the nature’s creation provided an impetus and inspiration to the rapid advancements and progress made in the sensors and actuators technology. A normal human being has five basic sensory organs, which helps and guides him in performing the routine tasks. This underlines the importance of basic sensory organs in a human life. In a similar fashion, sensors and actuators are of paramount importance for most of the science and engineering applications. The aim of the present thesis work is to explore the application of piezoelectric ZnO thin films deposited on a flexible substrate for the development of sensors and actuators. Detailed study was performed on the suitability of three different flexible substrates namely Phynox, Kapton and Mylar. However, Phynox alloy substrate was found to be a suitable substrate material for the above mentioned applications. Sputtering technique was chosen for the deposition of ZnO thin films on to Phynox substrate. The necessary process parameters were optimized to achieve good quality piezoelectric thin films. In the present work, sensors have been developed by utilizing the direct piezoelectric effect of ZnO thin films deposited on Phynox alloy substrate. These includes a flow sensor for gas flow rate measurement, impact sensor for non-destructive material discrimination study and a Thin Film Sensor Array (TFSA) for monitoring the impact events. On the other hand, using the converse piezoelectric effect of ZnO thin films, actuators have also been developed. These include a thin film micro actuator and a Thin Film Micro Vibrator (TFMV) for vibration testing of micro devices. The thesis is divided into following seven chapters. Chapter 1: This chapter gives a general introduction about sensors and actuators, piezoelectric thin films, flexible substrates, thin film deposition processes and characterization techniques. A brief literature survey of different applications of piezoelectric thin films deposited on various flexible substrates in device development is presented. Chapter 2: A novel flexible metal alloy (Phynox) and its properties along with its applications are discussed in this chapter. ZnO thin films were deposited on Phynox substrate by Rf reactive magnetron sputtering technique. The sputtering process parameters such as: Ar:O2 gas ratio, substrate temperature and RF power were optimized for the deposition of good quality piezoelectric ZnO thin films. The deposited ZnO thin films were characterized using XRD, SEM, AFM and d31 coefficient measurement techniques. Chapter 3: It reports on the comparative study of properties of piezoelectric ZnO thin films deposited on three different types of flexible substrates. The substrate materials employed were a metal alloy (Phynox), polyimide (Kapton), and polyester (Mylar). Piezoelectric ZnO thin films deposited on these flexible substrates were characterized by XRD, SEM, AFM and d31 coefficient measurement techniques. A vibration sensing test was also performed for the confirmation of good piezoelectric property. Compared to the polymer flexible substrates, the metal alloy flexible substrate (Phynox) was found to be more suitable for integrating ZnO thin film for sensing applications. Chapter 4: The development of a novel gas flow sensor for the flow rate measurement in the range of L min-1 is presented in this chapter. The sensing element is a Phynox alloy cantilever integrated with piezoelectric ZnO thin film. A detailed theoretical analysis of the experimental set–up showing the relationship between output voltage generated and force at a particular flow rate has been discussed. The flow sensor is calibrated using an in-house developed testing set-up. Chapter 5: This chapter is divided into two sections. Section 5.1 reports on the development of a novel packaged piezoelectric thin film impact sensor and its application in non-destructive material discrimination studies. Different materials (Iron, Glass, Wood and Plastic) were successfully discriminated by using the developed impact sensor. The output response of impact sensor showed good linearity and repeatability. The impact sensor is sensitive, reliable and cost-effective. Section 5.2 reports on the development of a Thin Film Senor Array (TFSA) for monitoring the location and magnitude of the impact force. The fabricated TFSA consists of evenly distributed ZnO thin film sensor array. Chapter 6: It consists of two sections. Section 6.1 reports on the fabrication of micro actuator using piezoelectric ZnO thin film integrated with flexible Phynox substrate. A suitable concave Perspex mounting was designed for the actuator element. The actuator element was excited at different frequencies for the supply voltages of 2V, 5V and 8V. The developed micro actuator has the potential to be used as a micro pump for pumping nano liters to micro liters of fluids. Section 6.2 reports the design and development of a portable ready to use Thin Film Micro Vibrator (TFMV). The TFMV is capable of providing the vibration amplitude in the range of nanometer to micrometer. A thin silicon diaphragm was used as a test specimen for its vibration testing studies using the developed TFMV. The TFMV is light-weight and have internal battery, hence no external power supply is required for its functioning. Chapter 7: The first section summarizes the salient features of the work presented in this thesis. In the second section the scope for carrying out the further work is given.

This diploma thesis is dealing with the preparation and construction of the apartment building in Znojmo. Thesis includes the technical report, the plan of the building site with some extra descriptions, time and financial plan of the building site, realization sketch of the major technological periods, equipment of the building site, project of the construction machines, timetable, plan of the assurance of the material, technological regulation, controlling and probationary plan of the quality, time and financial collation.