Thesis (M.A.)--Catholic Theological Union, 1986. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 95-96).

This study examines the construction of credibility in a rape conviction from 2013 in Swedish courts of law by the district court and the higher regional court. The study use discourse analysis with a focus on identity, and gender and honour as analytical concepts to analyse the concept of credibility. The results show that the concept of credibility is not constant throughout the courts and neither are the identities. In this case it may be due to the district court´s judgement in a general credibility and weighed in only the plaintiffs Romanian ethnicity and not the defendant’s Iranian ethnicity, while the higher regional court on the other hand judged a more specific credibility, looked at the facts and ruled out ethnicity. In the latter court the defendant was found guilty. The study also shows that when the courts interpret the parties from a modern context they miss alternative explanations for their behaviour regarding values of clannism in a pre-modern context. They missed alternative ways to interpret the parties as a trustworthy victim and a possible offender respectively. A result from this study is the suggestion that the most reliable credibility assessment is to interpret the parties from their own context.

Cette thèse porte sur l’implication du mineur victime en droit international pénal. L’enfant est l’une des principales victimes des crimes internationaux tels le génocide, le crime de guerre, le crime contre l’humanité et le crime d’agression. Dans son rôle de lutte contre l’impunité, la Cour pénale internationale a la charge d’enquêter, poursuivre et juger les principaux responsables de ces crimes. Or l’enfant n’est pas une victime comme toute les autres ; il est spécifique. Les crimes qui sont commis sur un enfant s’inscrivent dans le long terme en raison de la fragilité de l’enfant. Par ailleurs, il est également sujet à des formes d’utilisations spécifiques comme l’enfant soldat. Cependant, force est de constater que de nombreuses formes d’utilisations sont inconnues. Cette thèse fait l’inventaire des différentes utilisations en proposant un réaménagement du Statut de Rome afin de faire correspondre le droit aux réalités factuelles et contemporaines. Par ailleurs, lorsqu’un enfant est victimes, sa voix n’est que peu entendue par cette juridiction internationale. Ainsi, cette thèse explique les lacunes du droit processuel international tout en proposant des aménagements et des solutions afin de permettre à l’enfant d’être entendue, écouter et surtout d’être réparer. L’enfant victime développant de nombreux traumatismes physique et psychologique, il appartiendra alors de le soigner et le réparer par l’intermédiaire de programmes de réparation mise en œuvre par la Cour et ses organes. / This thesis deals with the involvement of the minor victim in international criminal law. The child is one of the main victims of international crimes such as genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and the crime of aggression. In its role of fighting impunity, the International Criminal Court has the responsibility to investigate, prosecute and judge those responsible for these crimes. Now the child is not a victim like all the others; It is specific. The crimes committed on a child are of its time because of the fragility of the child. It is also subject to specific forms of use, such as child soldier. However, many forms of use are unknown. This thesis takes stock of the different uses by proposing a rearrangement of the Rome Statute in order to match the law to factual and contemporary realities.Moreover, when a child is a victim, his voice is not heard very much by this international court. Otherwise, this thesis explains the shortcomings of international procedural law while proposing adjustments and solutions in order to allow the child to be heard, listen and above all to be repaired. As the child victim develops numerous physical and psychological traumas, it will then be necessary to treat and repair it through reparation programs implemented by the Court and its organs.

My diploma thesis deals with the manifestations of aggressiveness and bullying on the second grade of basic schools. In the section dealing with theory I define the concept of bullying and aggressiveness and further I focus on participants, causes, consequences, prevention, diagnosis and process of diagnosis and investigation of bullying. In the section dealing with practice I have defined three aims: To map and depict the manifestations of bullying on the second grade of given basic schools; to find whether the data gathered have any relation to a total number of pupils at school and to find what attitude towards the issue of bullying and aggressiveness among children is held by basic-school teachers themselves. To gather the data for the first and second aim I have used a form which had been handed out in three basic schools with a various number of pupils. To meet the third aim I have questioned twenty teachers of given basic schools. All three aims of my thesis have been fulfilled. My research shows that up to 35 percent of children have experienced a certain form of aggressiveness and bullying while the occurrence thereof does not depend on a total number of pupils. Moreover my research has shown that teachers are not expertly prepared to deal with the issue.

Text in Afrikaans / Verkragting, 'n toenemende misdaad, word deur verskeie mites omring. Die doel van die navorsing was om verkragtingsmites te beskryf en oak om vas te stel of daar 'n verskil tussen mans en vroue bestaan betreffende die aanvaarding van die verkragtingsmites. 'n Verkennende studie van bestaande literatuur het aan die lig gebring dat die gemeenskap, polisie, hofamptenare, mediese personeel en die media bepaalde wanvoorstellings aangaande verkragting het. Om die bestaan van verkragtingsmites te bewys, is 'n kwantitatiewe studie uitgevoer wat 136 mans en 165 vroue se persepsies oar verkragtingsmites getoets het. Statisties-beduidende verskille tussen die geslagte is aangeteken. Die resultate van die navorsing dui daarop dat mans en vroue die mite aanvaar dat verkragting 'n seksuele eerder as 'n geweldsmisdaad is. Verder blyk dit duidelik dat vroue meer geneig is om verkragtingsmites te aanvaar wat hul slagoffervatbaarheid kan verhoog. / Rape, an increasing crime is surrounded by various myths. The aim of this research was to describe these myths and also to establish whether or not men and women differ with regard to the acceptance thereof. An exploratory study revealed that society, the police, court officials, medical staff and the media have certain misconceptions with regard to rape. To prove the existence of these myths a quantitative study with 136 males and 165 females was undertaken during which their perceptions pertaining to rape myths were tested. Statistically significant differences were noted. Research results indicated that men and women accept the myth that rape is a sexual rather than a violent crime. It furthermore became evident that women are more inclined to accept rape myths which in tum increase their victim vulnerability. / Sociology / M.A. (Criminology)

The thesis "Cyberbullying at the elementary school" referred to the issue of cyberbullying is currently in our society. We should first clarify the basic concepts of the topic, as well as resources such behavior of children and related concepts such as kybergrooming. Further work is devoted to less important topics such as preventive measures, procedures in the event of cyberbullying and its postižitelností. We are also acquainted with the real cases of cyberbullying. In the empirical part of the thesis, we focused on a specific group of respondents from rural and urban primary schools in the South Bohemian region in order to confirm or disprove the hypothesis of the existence of cyberbullying in the school and pupils' awareness of such conduct, and then draw the appropriate conclusions.

The aim of the thesis is to determine the influence of bystanders on bullying. To find out what affects their behavior and what we should focus on when upbringing the children could reduce the rise of bullying and maybe it could even stop its beginning. The theoretical approach of the thesis is general problem of bullying and the reasons for the behavior of its participants. I will describe social roles in bullying, types of bullying and the undeniable importance of the role of bystanders. The practical part describes research in primary schools where the children evaluated an anonymous questionnaire about bullying. According to their responses about the statements in the questionnaire we can determine which of the social roles each children holds and we can learn more about their moral values. For a better, I also separated responses of the boys from the girls and I evaluated them separately.

The aim of this study is to examine if bullying affects health differently among boys and girls and if bullying has more negative effects on the health of girls than of boys. The study will examine Swedish schoolchildren in elementary school and upper secondary school who has been victims of bullying. In relation to the aim of the study, the hypothesises is that bullying has negative effects on the health of girls and boys and that bullying affects girls health more than boys. The quantitative data material and analysis is based on a survey which was created by the Swedish authority Ungdomsstyrelsen. The findings in this study shows in accordance with previous research that bullying has a negative effect on the health of young girls and boys, that there are differences between the genders when it comes to being a victim of bullying (girls tend to be more bullied than boys) and that being a victim of bullying has a negative impact on the health of an individual. This indicates that being a victim of bullying is having a harmful effect on the health of young girls and boys. The first hypothesis was that bullying has negative effects on the health of girls and boys and it seemed to be correct. The second hypothesis was that bullying affects girls health more than boys but it seemed not be correct. Bullying is a problem which harms the individual, it is relevant and important to examine since it harms the individual and its surroundings. It is also important to examine since bullying can lead to health issues or at worst, successful or unsuccessful suicide attempts.

Bullying is a frightening phenomenon, which begins accompany children from preschool age.In recent years there has been considerable growth cases.The children bullying are most vulnerable to the basic school.Speeches bullying, albeit in a different scale, exist in each of the mapping work was school.The aim incidence of bullying among pupils in elementary school fourth classes, monitoring pupils' awareness of bullying and their experiences.From conducted research shows that almost half of pupils fourth classes selected primary schools with bullying met, even before the basic second degree of school.Pupils are informed about what is bullying, but not sufficient to provide an overview on how to deal with when confronted with bullying.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:41:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao de Thiago Sandrini Mansur.pdf: 438939 bytes, checksum: c7b0daf131c673a0497ff50daeb95b60 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-27 / Em geral, as reflexões sobre as pessoas que sofrem algum tipo de violência foram, por muito tempo, negligenciadas pelas sociedades em todo o mundo. Isso se torna ainda mais enfático no que diz respeito aos segmentos menos favorecidos da sociedade. No Brasil, este cenário foi se modificando lentamente ao longo do século XX, ganhando novos contornos por meio das experiências dos movimentos de defesa dos direitos humanos, principalmente, a partir do período de contestação à ditadura militar. Num período mais recente de nossa história, o surgimento de centros de apoio às vítimas de violência pode ser considerado como uma maneira de colocar em análise as diversas formas de manifestação da violência, embora tais estabelecimentos não sejam os únicos, nem os primeiros a fazerem isso. Os centros de apoio se tornaram locais não somente para que as vítimas de violência recebessem atendimento, mas, sobretudo, para que se incitasse a luta pela responsabilização de seus algozes e a criação de novos paradigmas para uma cultura de paz e não-violência. Tendo em vista este cenário, objetivamos problematizar as experiências de pessoas que foram atingidas pela violência, residentes na Região Metropolitana da Grande Vitória. Problematizar uma experiência significa se perguntar como um conjunto de práticas discursivas e não discursivas que antes era aceito em uma sociedade sem questionamentos e tido como familiar e natural se torna um motivo de preocupação, incitando discussões, polemizando debates, suscitando mudanças de comportamento e instigando novos hábitos. Foram realizadas atividades em grupo, nas quais problematizamos as experiências de mães que tiveram seus filhos violentados por agentes do Estado, quando em cumprimento de medida sócio-educativa de privação de liberdade. Além disso, também realizamos entrevistas de restituição nas quais as mães puderam avaliar as experiências em grupo, bem como discutir os resultados e as conclusões da pesquisa. Como resultado, podemos evidenciar que muitas das pessoas atingidas pela violência, embora sob esse forte impacto, apostaram e ainda apostam em afirmar a vida, ao invés de se colocarem no lugar de resignação, que muitas vezes é destinado às vítimas. Percebemos que conhecer e compartilhar as experiências dessas pessoas pode contribuir para a discussão acadêmica do problema e para a transformação de alguns dos efeitos deletérios da violência / In general, reflections over people that suffer some kind of violence have been neglected for a long time by societies all over the world. This became more emphasized within less favored portions of the society. This scenario has been slowly modifying itself in Brazil throughout the 20th century, added by new experiences provided by human rights movements, starting from the end of military dictatorship era. In a more recent timeframe in our history, the creation of violence victim s support centers could be considered as a way to study the many forms of violence, however those centers are not the only ones and not the first to do it. Those centers have become a place not only for victims of violence attendance, but also to start a discution for a non-violent and peaceful culture. With that scenario set up, the objective was to focus on violence victims on the Grande Vitória area. That means ask yourself how some practices mostly accepted without questioning, as a regular and common or cultural practice become real preoccupations, raising debates and behavior change. Some group activities were experienced with mothers which sons have been exposed to State agents, during social-educational correction time. There were also feedback interviews with those mothers, who could evaluate the group experience, as well as discuss the research s effectiveness and results. This research resulted in life affirmation, although people continue to suffer the effects of violence instead of not fighting back. It was felt that knowing and sharing the experiences of these people can contribute to the academic discussion of the problem and the transformation of some of the deleterious effects of violence