Identifier les leviers permettant de stimuler la régulation naturelle des bioagresseurs tout en préservant la biodiversité est indispensable pour concevoir des paysages agricoles fonctionnels. A partir d’une méta-analyse et d’une étude empirique reposant sur 42 parcelles viticoles localisées dans Nouvelle Aquitaine (France), nous avons cherché à évaluer l’impact du déploiement de l’agriculture biologique à de large échelles spatiales sur 1) les communautés d’ennemis naturels, 2) les services de régulation naturelle, 3) les taux d’infestation par les bioagresseurs. Dans ce travail, nous avons montré que la proportion d’agriculture biologique est un facteur structurant plus les communautés d’ennemis naturels que la proportion d’habitats semi-naturels dans le paysage. De plus, nous avons montré que les communautés de bioagresseurs rencontrées dans les vignes ne sont pas influencées par la proportion d’agriculture biologique alors qu’elles répondent plutôt négativement à la proportion d’habitats semi-naturels. Par ailleurs, nous avons montré que l’agriculture biologique, à l’échelle globale et indépendamment du type de culture considérée est un système de culture stimulant la régulation naturelle des bioagresseurs. En viticulture, elle permet de réduire l’utilisation des produits phytosanitaires, comparé à l’agriculture conventionnelle. Enfin, nos analyses ont révélé qu’au-delà de la différence de systèmes de culture, un certain nombre de facteurs locaux (e.g., âge des parcelles, fréquence de traitements, productivité) permettent d’expliquer la structure des communautés d’ennemis naturels et des services de régulation naturelle des bioagresseurs. Tout en produisant des connaissances sur les processus permettant d’expliquer les assemblages des communautés d’ennemis naturels et les niveaux de services de régulation rendus, notre travail suggère des pistes pour l’aménagement des paysages viticoles permettant de concilier préservation de la biodiversité et maximisation des régulations naturelles. / Identifying landscape context and farming systems that enhance natural pest control while maintaining biodiversity is crucial to design functional agricultural landscapes. Using a meta-analysis and an empiric study based on 42 vineyards in Nouvelle Aquitaine (France), we investigated the effect of the deployment of organic farming at a landscape scale on 1) natural enemy communities, 2) natural pest control and 3) pest infestation levels. Here, we showed that the proportion of organic farming structured more natural enemy communities than the proportion of semi-natural habitats. On the opposite, pest and pathogen infestations were never influenced by the proportion of organic farming while they were negatively influenced by the proportion of semi-natural habitats. Furthermore, at a global scale and for every crop types, organic farming, per se, enhances natural pest control. In viticulture, it is less dependent of synthetic agrochemicals than conventional farming. Moreover, local factors such as the treatment frequency index, the field age and the crop productivity had important effects on natural enemy communities and natural pest control. Finally, we yielded knowledge on processes that impact natural enemy assembly and natural pest control in agrosystems. For vineyards-dominated landscapes, our work suggests some tracks for landscape planning that support biodiversity conservation and natural pest control.

Este estudo tem por objetivo determinar fatores que interferem na adoção de ações ambientais nos meios de hospedagem da Região Uva e Vinho, como também avaliar as relações que se estabelecem entre os mesmos. A técnica empregada para a coleta de dados nesta pesquisa foi a entrevista estruturada, embasada num roteiro de 16 questões contendo informações referentes à energia, água, a resíduos sólidos, fornecedores, sensibilização dos colaboradores e a adequação ambiental. Para a construção do roteiro de entrevistas, foi utilizada a matriz de classificação do Instituto Brasileiro de Turismo EMBRATUR como ferramenta de apoio a este estudo. Foram feitas entrevistas com 40 sujeitos (gestores de meios de hospedagem). Os resultados demonstraram como os meios de hospedagem adotam ou não ações ambientais e os fatores determinantes para a adoção dessas ações. Foi possível verificar ainda a importância da adoção das 13 ações ambientais da Matriz de Classificação da Embratur para os empreendimentos hoteleiros. Os resultados obtidos apontam para boas práticas para o gerenciamento de energia e separação de resíduos. Práticas ainda escassas estão relacionadas ao uso da água, ao armazenamento de resíduos perigosos, escolha de fornecedores, adequação ambiental e educação ambiental. Os fatores que determinam a adoção de ações ambientais estão relacionados à informação sobre o fenômeno ambiental, sensibilidade em relação às práticas ambientais, formação dos gestores hoteleiros, porte dos empreendimentos, tipo de administração, custo de energia, custo de água, programas ambientais, descaso com a adoção de ações ambientais, ausência de política ambiental, ausência de responsabilidade da empresa e lacunas nos projetos arquitetônicos. Em síntese, para que ações ambientais na hotelaria sejam mais freqüentes, deve haver uma maior sensibilização dos gestores de meios de hospedagem, uma maior divulgação sobre a importância do desenvolvimento de práticas ambientais, uma maior fiscalização por parte dos órgãos ambientais e uma maior análise das questões ambientais nos cursos de hotelaria e turismo. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-16T16:18:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Roberto do Nascimento e Silva.pdf: 1711039 bytes, checksum: a6e407107018862add8ca103d4c35a00 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-16T16:18:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Roberto do Nascimento e Silva.pdf: 1711039 bytes, checksum: a6e407107018862add8ca103d4c35a00 (MD5) / The following paper seeks to pinpoint the factors which interfere with the adoption of environmental actions within the hotel network in the Region of Vineyards and Wineries, RS, Brazil, as well as to evaluate the relations among them.In order to collect the data we have resorted to structured interviews,based on an inquiry with 16 questions encompassing issues such as electricity, water (supply), solid residues, suppliers, the sensitizing of supporters and environmental adequacy. We also used the classification of the Brazilian Institute of Tourism – EMBRATUR to guide our interviews. A total of 40 people were interviewed, i.e., hotel managers.The results have shown in which ways those hotels adopt (or not) environmental actions and which factors were determining for the adoption of such.We were able to verify the meaningfulness of the adoption by hotels of 13 environmental actions from the EMBRATUR classifying matrix.The results unveil good practices of energy management and the sorting of residues.Some rare practices still linger concerning water use, storage of hazardous materials, choice of suppliers, environmental adequacy and education.The factors which determine the adoption of environmentally friendly actions are closely related to the information regarding the environmental phenomenon, sensitivity towards environmental practices, formation (education) of hotel managers, size of enterprises, kinds of management, energy costs, water supplying costs, environmental programs, negligence to adopt environmental actions, lack of environmental policies,lack of responsability by hotel businesses and gaps in architectural projects. In short, for environmental issues in hotel management to become a reality, there must be greater sensitizing of their managers, greater diffusion of the importance of developing environmental practices, greater surveillance by environmental authorities and deeper analysis of environmental questions throughout hotel and tourism courses´ curricula.

Este estudo tem por objetivo determinar fatores que interferem na adoção de ações ambientais nos meios de hospedagem da Região Uva e Vinho, como também avaliar as relações que se estabelecem entre os mesmos. A técnica empregada para a coleta de dados nesta pesquisa foi a entrevista estruturada, embasada num roteiro de 16 questões contendo informações referentes à energia, água, a resíduos sólidos, fornecedores, sensibilização dos colaboradores e a adequação ambiental. Para a construção do roteiro de entrevistas, foi utilizada a matriz de classificação do Instituto Brasileiro de Turismo EMBRATUR como ferramenta de apoio a este estudo. Foram feitas entrevistas com 40 sujeitos (gestores de meios de hospedagem). Os resultados demonstraram como os meios de hospedagem adotam ou não ações ambientais e os fatores determinantes para a adoção dessas ações. Foi possível verificar ainda a importância da adoção das 13 ações ambientais da Matriz de Classificação da Embratur para os empreendimentos hoteleiros. Os resultados obtidos apontam para boas práticas para o gerenciamento de energia e separação de resíduos. Práticas ainda escassas estão relacionadas ao uso da água, ao armazenamento de resíduos perigosos, escolha de fornecedores, adequação ambiental e educação ambiental. Os fatores que determinam a adoção de ações ambientais estão relacionados à informação sobre o fenômeno ambiental, sensibilidade em relação às práticas ambientais, formação dos gestores hoteleiros, porte dos empreendimentos, tipo de administração, custo de energia, custo de água, programas ambientais, descaso com a adoção de ações ambientais, ausência de política ambiental, ausência de responsabilidade da empresa e lacunas nos projetos arquitetônicos. Em síntese, para que ações ambientais na hotelaria sejam mais freqüentes, deve haver uma maior sensibilização dos gestores de meios de hospedagem, uma maior divulgação sobre a importância do desenvolvimento de práticas ambientais, uma maior fiscalização por parte dos órgãos ambientais e uma maior análise das questões ambientais nos cursos de hotelaria e turismo. / The following paper seeks to pinpoint the factors which interfere with the adoption of environmental actions within the hotel network in the Region of Vineyards and Wineries, RS, Brazil, as well as to evaluate the relations among them.In order to collect the data we have resorted to structured interviews,based on an inquiry with 16 questions encompassing issues such as electricity, water (supply), solid residues, suppliers, the sensitizing of supporters and environmental adequacy. We also used the classification of the Brazilian Institute of Tourism – EMBRATUR to guide our interviews. A total of 40 people were interviewed, i.e., hotel managers.The results have shown in which ways those hotels adopt (or not) environmental actions and which factors were determining for the adoption of such.We were able to verify the meaningfulness of the adoption by hotels of 13 environmental actions from the EMBRATUR classifying matrix.The results unveil good practices of energy management and the sorting of residues.Some rare practices still linger concerning water use, storage of hazardous materials, choice of suppliers, environmental adequacy and education.The factors which determine the adoption of environmentally friendly actions are closely related to the information regarding the environmental phenomenon, sensitivity towards environmental practices, formation (education) of hotel managers, size of enterprises, kinds of management, energy costs, water supplying costs, environmental programs, negligence to adopt environmental actions, lack of environmental policies,lack of responsability by hotel businesses and gaps in architectural projects. In short, for environmental issues in hotel management to become a reality, there must be greater sensitizing of their managers, greater diffusion of the importance of developing environmental practices, greater surveillance by environmental authorities and deeper analysis of environmental questions throughout hotel and tourism courses´ curricula.

This thesis deals with the Kosovar agricultural economy and the introduction of new approaches. Kosova is an economy in transition with high unemployment, young population and structural problems. The privatization process promises a better future and economic growth. However, hard work and new approaches are needed. Privatization does not mean immediate growth. Hereby, clusters are considered as an appropriate approach to develop rural areas. Especially the wine sector in Kosova could be an example for cluster development as it is a promising sector. Wine has a long history in Kosova although wine consumption is not widespread. This sector is a rare example where exports are higher than imports. Climate conditions cheep working force and as stated the background make this sector attractive. Foreign agencies and investors are very interested in this sector. This thesis will show the main problems and main opportunities of this sector. It will describe the structural changes and current developments. Cluster creation is not a government function. Further, it is not a tailor-made solution. In fact, clustering involves many roles. Each participant has certain duties but the whole process needs coordination. The monitoring and supervision of the whole process, the identification of needs and permanent exchange of the participants are organized in a cluster. At the end, a win-win situation is created even if competition is raised to a high level. Competition and the functioning of free markets guarantee the success of the sector and as a results regional development. One cluster helps to create another. Starting one process means that many others could follow. By reading this thesis, the reader should recognize potentials and understand the local circumstances. This is the aim of the study. / Faton Deva "Shkodra" 14, Prishtina 10000 Kosova mob: +377(0)44122883 e-mail:faton99d@gmail.com

This paper examines vineyard perceptions and adoption of climate change adaptation and water conservation measures in the Paso Robles American Viticultural Area (AVA). A survey was distributed to all 220 vineyards and vineyard management companies that operate in the AVA, with a 53.64% response rate. The objective of the survey was to determine vineyard manager and owner attitudes towards climate change and adaptation, as well as their perceptions of how these threats would impact their operation. A second objective was to document the current level of water conservation and climate adaptation while identifying the barriers and opportunities for further adoption of these practices. The third objective was to share a climate projection to assess perceived impacts, attitudes, and perceptions of the projection and capacity to adapt. The final objective was to develop a typology to assist targeted outreach of vineyards. Our results showed that the most important current climate impact is heat, with water regulations and supply being the biggest concern in the future. Vineyards were also found to be relatively unsure about their capability to further implement adaptation measures, with relatively low adoption of most practices already. Decision support tools, like the climate projection, were found to be useful and desired by vineyards for management. Results of our study showed that trust in the information source can be a barrier to use of these tools. We identified further barriers to adoption of practices and identified an outreach strategy using a typology of vineyards, which focused on smaller vineyards and those without wineries. These results can be used to increase efficacy of government and NGO programs that aim to support climate adaptation and water conservation in the region.

Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Both taxonomic diversity and diversity of species interaction networks are experiencing declines as a result of agricultural intensification at habitat and landscape scales. Reversing this trend is a key conservation issue, particularly for important functional groups such as flower-visiting insects and the networks within which they interact. This is of great concern in regions of high conservation priority such as the Cape Floristic Region (CFR), known for its high level of floral and faunal endemism and exceptional species turnover. Holistic approach to conservation in agricultural landscapes involves both preservation of natural land and wildlife friendly management of the farm land to achieve conservation targets. The value of these extensive management approaches is yet to be fully assessed, especially in perennial systems such as vineyards. I examined here the effects of vineyard management and landscape context on species richness and abundance of flower-visiting insects and their species interaction networks. Possible taxon specific effects were verified. I also investigated whether vineyards under organic and conventional management homogenized insect-flower interaction networks and whether vineyards with different management practices vary in patterns of species turnover. I sampled flower-visiting insects and their interactions in organic and conventional vineyards, and in natural reference sites. Inclusion of natural reference sites enabled me to make management recommendations for patches of natural vegetation in CFR agricultural landscape. Statistical models showed taxon-specific benefit of organic farm management, and of landscape (distance to natural habitat). There was benefit to monkey beetles (Scarabaeidae) but not to bees (Apidae). Organic vineyards had a higher number of insect-flower interactions than conventional ones, but vineyards under the two types of management were similar in terms of other important network indices. However, networks of the vineyards were more nested than the natural sites, indicating that they may be potentially more stable to perturbation and random extinctions. Multivariate dispersion tests revealed insect-flower interaction networks were not homogenized by both organic and conventional vineyards across the landscapes. I also found, through additive partitioning, that organic and conventional vineyards were similar in terms of species turnover of bees and flowering plants. The findings of this study provide heuristic value to current debates on the value of vineyard habitats for insect conservation. Both organic and conventional vineyards that promote sustainable management of the non-crop floral vegetation between vineyard rows are potential solutions for conservation of flower-visiting insects and their interactions. Also, attention has to be paid to the quality and connectivity of the natural habitat patches that are within CFR agricultural landscape. Site specific management and assessment of the value of these landscape elements is important. Management approaches such as carefully controlled burning may be beneficial, as the CFR natural vegetation is a fire-driven community. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Taksonomiese diversiteit en diversiteit van spesies-interaksie netwerke ondervind beide afnames as gevolg van landboukundige intensifikasie op habitat en landskap skaal. Om die neiging terug te swaai, is ’n sleutel bewaringsaangeleentheid, veral vir belangrike funksionele groepe soos blom-besoekende insekte en die netwerke waarbinne hulle op mekaar inwerk. Dit is van groot kommer in streke met hoë bewaringsprioriteite soos in die Kaapse Floristiese Streek (KFS), bekend vir sy hoë vlak van plant- en dierendemisme en buitengewone spesies kentering. ’n Holistiese benadering tot bewaring van landboukundige landskappe behels beide die bewaring van natuurlike land en natuurlewe-vriendelike bestuur van die plaasgrond om bewaringsdoelwitte te bereik. Die waarde van hierdie ekstensiewe bestuursbenaderings moet nog volledig bepaal word, veral in meerjarige sisteme soos wingerde. Ek het die uitwerkings van wingerdbestuur en landskapsamehang op spesiesrykheid en volopheid van blombesoekende insekte en hulle spesies interaksie netwerke ondersoek. Moontlike takson-spesifieke uitwerkings is nagegaan. Ek het ook ondersoek ingestel of wingerde onder organiese en gebruiklike bestuur ooreenstemmende insek-blom interaksie netwerke met wingerde met verskillende bestuurspraktyke in patroon van spesies kentering gewissel het. Ek het blom-besoekende insekte en hulle interaksies in organiese en konvensionele wingerde, asook in natuurlike verwysingsgebiede gemonster. Insluiting van natuurlike verwysingsgebiede het my in staat gestel om bestuursvoorstelle vir gebiede van natuurlike plantegroei in KFS landboulandskappe voor te stel. Statistiese modelle toon takson-spesifieke voordeel van organiese plaasbestuur en van die landskap (afstand van natuurlike habitat) self. Daar was voordeel vir bobbejaankewers (Scarabaeidae), maar nie vir bye (Apidae) nie. Organiese wingerde het ’n groter getal insek-blom interaksies as konvensionele wingerde gehad, maar wingerde onder beide tipes van bestuur was soortgelyk in terme van ander belangrike netwerk aanduiders. Netwerke van wingerde was egter meer geklomp dan natuurlike gebiede wat aandui dat hulle potensieel meer stabiel betreffende versteuring en lukrake uitsterwings is. Multivariate verspreidingstoetse het aangetoon dat insek-blom interaksie netwerke by beide organiese en konvensionele wingerde oor landskappe nie eenvormig was nie. Ek het ook bevind deur aanvullende verdeling dat organiese en konvensionele wingerde gelykwaardig was in terme van spesies kentering van bye en blomplante. Die bevindings van hierdie studie verskaf heuristise waarde tot huidige debatte oor die waarde van wingerdhabitatte vir insekbewaring. Beide organies en konvensionele wingerde wat volhoubare bestuur van die nie-gewas plantegroei binne wingerdrye bevorder, is moontlike oplossings vir die bewaring van blom-besoekende insekte en hulle wisselwerkings. Bykomend moet aandag gegee word aan die kwaliteit en verbindings van en tussen natuurlike habitat gebiede binne die KFS landboulandskap. Plekspesifieke (plaaslike) bestuur en bepaling van die waarde van hierdie landskapelemente is belangrik. Bestuursbenaderings, soos noukeurig beheerde brand, mag voordelig wees aangesien die KFS natuurlike plantegroei ’n vuurgedrewe gemeenskap is.

Modern winery complex hotel Hrůdek is situated on the north part of village Velké Pavlovice, in the heart of south Moravia the Czech Republic. Its significant placement on the south hillside offers beautiful views to the vineyards and apricot plantations. The architectural form of the building is inspired by the regularity and rhythm of vineyard lines, significant horizontal landscape around and rounded contour lines. Embedding of the building into the slope reacts to the topography of the terrain and refers to the traditional principle of local two-storey wine press houses. From the upper part is the entrance to the accommodation part and from the lover part of the slope is entrance to the wine cellar – the gallery of wine. Hotel offers 4-stars class accommodation, two congress halls, restaurant, wellness and gallery of the wine. Project integrates energetic eco-friendly concepts and its proposed as the self-sufficient building.