In 2008 a large statistics sample of approximately 1·107 η-decays has been collected with the WASA detector at COSY using the pd→3Heη reaction at the beam kinetic energy of 1 GeV. These data are being used to study the not so rare η decays involving charged pions, like η→π+π-π0. This decay proceeds mainly via a strong isospin violating contribution, where the decay width is proportional to the light quark mass difference squared, (md-mu)2. In addition this decay can be used to search for C-violating effects. The analysis is presented and the Dalitz plot parameters with statistical and systematical uncertainties are determined from a sample of 1.33·105 η→π+π-π0 events in the Dalitz plot. The asymmetry parameters with statistical uncertainties are presented which show no evidence of C-violation. / WASA-at-COSY

Cette thèse résume le travail sur la mesure des paramètres qui définissent le système des méson Bs. Une première partie est consacrée à l'observation des oscillations des mésons Bs caractérisées par la fréquence de mélangeΔms. Cette dernière a été mesurée au travers des désintégrations hadroniques et semi-leptoniques des mésons Bs produits au Tevatron et reconstruits dans l'expérience CDF, pour une luminosité intégrée de 1 fb-1. L'ensemble de ces travaux a conduit à la mesure Δms= 17.77 ± 0.10(stat)± 0.07(syst) ps-1, avec une pertinence de 5σ et permettant d'extraire le rapport des éléments de la matrice CKM |Vts|2/|Vtd|2 =0.2060±0.0007(exp)+0.0081-0.0060(theory). La deuxième partie est consacrée à la première analyse pour évaluer, via des événements Bs -> J/ΨΦ équivalent à 1.35 fb-1, la phase de la violation CP 2βs, et la différence de largeur, ΔΓs, en identifiant la saveur des mésons Bs produits à l'origine. L'ensemble de ces données a permis de d'établir une région de confiance selon le critère de Feldman-Cousins dans le plan 2βs-ΔΓs. En considérant les valeurs de 2βs et ΔΓs prédites par le Modèle Standard, la probabilité de déviation par rapport aux données expérimentales est de 15%, soit une déviation standard Gaussienne de 1.5σ.

The Qweak experiment at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab) will measure the proton's weak charge by measuring the parity violating asymmetry in elastic electron-proton scattering at very low momentum transfer, with the aim of determining the proton's weak charge with 4% combined statistical and systematic errors. The experimental apparatus includes a longitudinally polarized electron beam, a liquid hydrogen target, a room temperature toroidal magnetic spectrometer, and a set of precision detectors for the scattered electrons. The toroidal magnetic spectrometer, which will deflect away the inelastic scattered electrons and focus the elastic scattered electrons onto the detectors, plays a crucially important role in the experiment. In this thesis, in order to meet the requirements for the installation and calibration of the toroidal magnetic spectrometer, the numerical simulation of the spectrometer's magnetic field based on a realistic magnet model is discussed, a precise 3D field mapping is introduced, and some simulation results are provided. The zero-crossing analysis technique, which can be used to precisely infer the individual coil locations of the toroidal magnet, is presented and explored in detail. / October 2007

Ce mémoire étudie la légalité des ordonnances de couvre-feu en regard des normes internationales de protection des droits de la personne et de l'enfance. Les ordonnances de couvre-feu sont des mesures généralement imposées par les responsables politiques locaux aux adolescents et visent à lutter contre la délinquance juvénile et maintenir l'ordre public. Avant d'analyser les droits violés par les ordonnances de couvre-feu, nous avons démontré à travers notre cadre théorique que conformément à la philosophie générale de la Convention internationale relative aux droits de l'enfant que les mineurs sont des sujets de droit, titulaires des droits et libertés fondamentales. Dans un second temps nous avons analysé la légalité de ces mesures. Nous avons ainsi démontré que ces ordonnances violent massivement les droits énoncés dans les instruments internationaux et régionaux de protection des droits de la personne et de l'enfance. Puis, l'analyse du test de Oakes, nous a permis de montrer que les objectifs invoqués par les maires ne sont pas suffisants pour justifier de telles violations. Finalement, nous en avons conclu que les couvre-feux étaient des mesures adoptées par les responsables politiques locaux afin de rassurer leur électorat sur le sentiment d'insécurité. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Droits enfant, Délinquance juvénile, Couvre feu.

Data quality problems such as duplicate records, missing values, and violation of integrity constrains frequently appear in real world applications. Such problems cost enterprises billions of dollars annually, and might have unpredictable consequences in mission-critical tasks. The process of data cleaning refers to detecting and correcting errors in data in order to improve the data quality. Numerous efforts have been taken towards improving the effectiveness and the efficiency of the data cleaning. A major challenge in the data cleaning process is the inherent uncertainty about the cleaning decisions that should be taken by the cleaning algorithms (e.g., deciding whether two records are duplicates or not). Existing data cleaning systems deal with the uncertainty in data cleaning decisions by selecting one alternative, based on some heuristics, while discarding (i.e., destroying) all other alternatives, which results in a false sense of certainty. Furthermore, because of the complex dependencies among cleaning decisions, it is difficult to reverse the process of destroying some alternatives (e.g., when new external information becomes available). In most cases, restarting the data cleaning from scratch is inevitable whenever we need to incorporate new evidence. To address the uncertainty in the data cleaning process, we propose a new approach, called probabilistic data cleaning, that views data cleaning as a random process whose possible outcomes are possible clean instances (i.e., repairs). Our approach generates multiple possible clean instances to avoid the destructive aspect of current cleaning systems. In this dissertation, we apply this approach in the context of two prominent data cleaning problems: duplicate elimination, and repairing violations of functional dependencies (FDs). First, we propose a probabilistic cleaning approach for the problem of duplicate elimination. We define a space of possible repairs that can be efficiently generated. To achieve this goal, we concentrate on a family of duplicate detection approaches that are based on parameterized hierarchical clustering algorithms. We propose a novel probabilistic data model that compactly encodes the defined space of possible repairs. We show how to efficiently answer relational queries using the set of possible repairs. We also define new types of queries that reason about the uncertainty in the duplicate elimination process. Second, in the context of repairing violations of FDs, we propose a novel data cleaning approach that allows sampling from a space of possible repairs. Initially, we contrast the existing definitions of possible repairs, and we propose a new definition of possible repairs that can be sampled efficiently. We present an algorithm that randomly samples from this space, and we present multiple optimizations to improve the performance of the sampling algorithm. Third, we show how to apply our probabilistic data cleaning approach in scenarios where both data and FDs are unclean (e.g., due to data evolution or inaccurate understanding of the data semantics). We propose a framework that simultaneously modifies the data and the FDs while satisfying multiple objectives, such as consistency of the resulting data with respect to the resulting FDs, (approximate) minimality of changes of data and FDs, and leveraging the trade-off between trusting the data and trusting the FDs. In presence of uncertainty in the relative trust in data versus FDs, we show how to extend our cleaning algorithm to efficiently generate multiple possible repairs, each of which corresponds to a different level of relative trust.

In this text I will work on three situations from my daily work as a pedagogue at preschool. The situations are about how pedagogues at preschool relate to children in difficult situations, e.g. when they pee in their pants or long for their pacifier. Those are situations which occur frequently at preschool, but they are still rarely coming up for discussions. The problem in the situations is difficult to describe which makes the essay a suitable form for me to explore and discuss it. In the work with this text I mainly consider my own approach and acting towards the children and colleagues. That makes me more aware about myself in relation to others, which gives me an opportunity to readjust and transform my role as a preschool teacher. My main question was if and how we violate children’s integrity in the preschool. It is a question that has different aspects, so I have decided to divide my text into three parts. In the first part I look into what it means to act morally in the treatment of preschool children. I also discuss how the teachers sometimes unconsciously violate the child´s integrity. In the second part I discuss how fear of conflicts between the teachers indirectly has impact on the relations to children, and how the fear of conflict occurs and manifests itself in everyday life. Finally I look at my own practical knowledge and wisdom as a pedagogue, and how it develops. I examine and discuss the various problematic situations on basis of research literature and theories about ethics, practical knowledge, pedagogic, fear of conflicts and with help from my own experience. I have found that teachers in preschool do not always note if and when a child gets offended. I state that we educators need to develop our practical wisdom and intuition, so we will see when and if it happens more often. It takes some personal maturity, experience, self-esteem and a willingness to develop and learn new. In order to develop practical wisdom, it is necessary to stop and consciously reflect. This is required to reassess and make adjustments in the pedagogic approach to children and colleagues.

<p>It is of great importance to identify new sources of discrete symmetry violations because it can explain the baryon number asymmetry of our universe and also test the validity of various models beyond the standard model. Neutron Electric Dipole Moment (nEDM) and short-range force are such candidates for the new sources of P&amp;T violations. A new generation nEDM experiment was proposed in USA in 2002, aiming at improving the current nEDM upperlimit by two orders of magnitude. Polarized <super>3</super>He is crucial in this experiment and Duke is responsible for the <super>3</super>He injection, measurements of <super>3</super>He nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signal and some physics properties related to polarized <super>3</super>He.</p><p>A Monte-Carlo simulation is used to simulate the entire <super>3</super>He injection process in order to study whether polarized <super>3</super>He can be successfully delivered to the measurement cell. Our simulation result shows that it is achievable to maintain more than 95% polarization after <super>3</super>He atoms travel through very complicated paths in the presence of non-uniform magnetic fiels.</p><p>We also built an apparatus to demonstrate that the <super>3</super>He precession signal can be measured under the nEDM experimental conditions using the Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID). Based on the measurement result in our lab, we project that the signal-to-noise ratio in the nEDM experiment will be at least 10. </p><p>During this SQUID test, two interesting phenomena were discovered. One is the pressure dependence of the T₁ of the polarized <super>3</super>He which has never been reported before. The other is the discrepancy between the theoretically predicted T₂ and the experimentally measured T₂ of the <super>3</super>He precession signal. To investigate these two interesting phenomena, two dedicated experiments were built, and two papers have been published in Physical Review A.</p><p>In addition to the nEDM experiment, polarized <super>3</super>He is also used in the search for the exotic short-range force. The high pressure <super>3</super>He cell used in this experiment has a very thin window (~250 &mu;m) to maximize the effect from the force. We demonstrate that our new method could improve the current best experimental limit by two orders of magnitude. A rapid communication demonstrating the technique and the result was published in Physical Review D.</p> / Dissertation

In March 19, 2004, That day was before the presidential election day, when The presidential campaign was in full swing, the President Chen and the Vice President was shot by a shooter. This criminal act shocked the whole world, and even the opposition parties argued this event had already changed the result of the presidential Election. After the presidential election, the KMT legislators and the PFP legislators are in the majority in The Legislative Yuan, and they passed ¡ythe Act of the Special Commission on the Investigation of the Truth in Respect of the 319 Shooting¡z(hereinafter the ¡§SCITA¡¨) without considering controversial issues. According to the law, the Special Commission on the Investigation of the Truth in Respect of the 319 Shooting (hereinafter the ¡§SCIT¡¨) was set up. December 15, 2004, J.Y. Interpretation NO.585 recognized the ¡¨SCIT¡¨ was the organization responsible for the exercise of investigation, and admitted the ¡¨SCIT¡¨ to be no violation of the Constitution. But the ¡§SCIAT¡¨ provided the power to ¡§SCIT¡¨ for ordering prosecutors and retrial, etc. There was in violation of the Constitution. The Legal Profession¡Bjurists and political scientists had different opinions with the character of ¡§SCIT¡¨¡Aand it also meant that the legislators of KMT and PFP challenged the independence of Taiwan¡¦s prosecutor system. Accordingly, they hoped the character of ¡§SCIT¡¨ can be similar with the¡¨ WARREN COMMISSION¡¨ in America. They even hoped to legislate for establishing the Independent Counsel System. Because they believe the prosecutor system in Taiwan cannot avoid intervention from politics or administrative organizations, so when a prosecutor investigates crimes, he might ignored some kinds of crime involving with high-position administrators. April 12,2004, a part of prosecutors from Shihlin District Prosecutors Office¡BTaoyuan District Prosecutors Office, and etc. They cosigned a public statement. It meant that ¡§Begin the independent prosecutor system, solve the crisis of the 319 truth and the innovation of prosecutor system to win-win situation¡¨. Their suggestion is establishing the independent prosecutor system to investigate some crimes involving with high-position administrators. Those prosecutors asserted that establishing the independent prosecutor System would be better than leading in the Independent Counsel System. And making the prosecutor a categoric judicatory position¡Battorney general substitutes the minister of Ministry of Justice to be the chief of the prosecutor system¡Ball prosecutor personnel matters decided by the prosecutor personnel committee, and etc. These methods will improve the independence of the prosecutor system, and avoid intervention from any illegitimate reasons. For the character of the Independent Counsel in America, it belongs to administration. United States Congress pass a law (Ethics in Government Act of 1978) to assure the Independent Counsel can exercise his power without interference. So the Independent Counsel in America is different from the prosecutor in Taiwan. Some constitutionalists claim that the Independent Counsel was in violation of constitution, and this contention was a key point of many reasons to make the law become void. According to these reasons, what is the difference between the Independent Counsel and the independent prosecutor system? Whether we must lead in the Independent Counsel System to solve the defect of the prosecutor system in Taiwan or not? Whether the power of control (one of the five powers of the government specified in the Constitution of the Republic of China) is analogous to the Independent Counsel System? Above-mentioned questions would be the topics of debate.

Abstract As various forces rendering the business environment more dynamic, for survive and prosper, organizations nowadays must rapidly correspond to changes. In order to lower labor cost and develop competition advantage, enterprises always apply human resource flexibility strategy to achieve purposes. However, the practices of human resource flexibility strategy change the job related characteristic, and cause the effect on the psychological contract of employee. And then, it will be the factor for the attitude and behavior of employee in the enterprise. The current human resource arrangement should be adjusted in order to respond to the changes in the market in a timely manner. It is available to implement task flexibility, numerical flexibility, working-time flexibility, and wage flexibility to meet the practical work demands. Our object was domestic bank enterprises, we adopted questionnaire to discuss ¡§the perception of the practices of human resource flexibility strategy¡¨ and ¡§the condition of the psychological contract¡¨ by employees. And then, we explore the relationship between ¡§the perception of the practices of human resource flexibility strategy¡¨ and ¡§organizational commitment¡¨ of employee by the intermediary variable ¡§the violation of psychological contract¡¨. Our results of the research are as the following: There are some practices of human resource flexibility strategy in the bank enterprises, and the employees really have experienced the violation of psychological contract. Finally, through the relation of social exchange, the consequences of Psychological contract will response on Organizational commitment.

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