Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 252-274).

Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-17T16:50:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-03-30. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-05-17T16:54:21Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000855449.pdf: 4043234 bytes, checksum: 764d71e0d48fbcfce543c2becab2c918 (MD5) / Esta tese visa ao estudo das propriedades de violação de CP e mistura de sabor no Modelo Padrão (MP) e em extensões do mesmo. Estudaremos a conexão entre os dois fenômenos e a relação com os espaços formados pela replicação de multipletos de gauge, os quais chamaremos de espaços horizontais, presentes nos modelos. A presença de tais espaços em teorias de gauge é condição necessária para o aparecimento de mistura de sabor ao nível lagrangiano. Esta pode introduzir novas fontes de violação de CP, como no mecanismo de violação espontânea de CP (VECP), bem como, às vezes, dificultar a análise das propriedades de CP da teoria devido à liberdade de rotação nesses espaços (transformações horizontais). A relação entre replicação de multipletos escalares e violação de CP é investigada em extensões do MP com N dubletos de Higgs. No potencial escalar desses modelos as condições necessárias e suficientes para a violação explícita e espontânea de CP são estudadas e invariantes ímpares por CP, como invariante de Jarlskog no MP, são encontrados. Nessa mesma classe de modelos, o mecanismo de violação espontânea de CP é ilustrado nos modelos com dois e três dubletos, conjuntamente com as restrições impostas pela necessidade de supressão das correntes neutras que trocam sabor. A violação soft de CP é ilustrada em um modelo baseado no grupo de gauge eletrofraco SU(3)L x U(1)N e mostrado que pode acomodar a fenomenologia de violação de CP no sistema dos káons neutros mesmo quando o mecanismo CKM é desligado e toda a assimetria CP é proveniente da troca de férmions exóticos. O fenômeno de mistura de sabor é investigado no âmbito da oscilação de neutrinos, sob o ponto de vista de campos clássicos relativísticos, que incluem aspectos de localização, a fim de procurar por novos efeitos e desvios... / he aim of this thesis is the study of the properties of CP violation and flavor mixing in the Standard Model (SM) and in some of its extensions. We study the connection between both phenomena and their relation with the space formed by the replication of gauge multiplets, which will be called horizontal spaces, present in the models. The presence of such spaces in gauge theories is a necessary condition for the appearance of flavor mixing at the Lagrangian level. These identical multiplets can introduce new sources of CP violation, as in the mechanism of spontaneous CP violation (SCPV), and, sometimes, make difficult the analysis of the CP properties of the theory, due to the freedom to rotate the basis of such spaces. The relation between the replication of scalar multiplets and CP violation is investigated in extensions of the SM with N-Higgs-doublets. In the scalar potential of these models the necessary and sufficient conditions for explicit and spontaneous CP violation are studied and CP odd invariants, like the Jarlskog invariant in the SM, are found. In these class of models, the SCPV mechanism is illustrated in the 2-Higgs- and 3-Higgs-doublet models, and the restrictions imposed by the suppression of flavor changing neutral currents are also exposed. The soft CP violation is illustrated in a model based in the gauge group SU(3)L x U(1)N nd it is shown that it can accommodate the phenomenology of the CP violation of the neutral kaons system even when the CKM mechanism is switched off and all CP violation effects are mediated by exotic fermions. The flavor mixing phenomenon is investigated through neutrino flavor oscillations from the perspective of classical relativistic field theories taking localization aspects intoaccount to search for new effects and observable deviations from the usual oscillation formulas...

The T2K experiment is a long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment, in which a muon neutrino beam is directed over a 295 km baseline from the J-PARC facility to the Super-Kamiokande detector. This allows neutrino oscillation to be studied in two channels: disappearance of &nu;_&mu; and appearance of &nu;_e. The T2K beam can be run either in neutrino or antineutrino configuration, for a neutrino beam which is predominantly composed of &nu;_&mu; or anti -&nu;_&mu; respectively. This thesis presents the first oscillation analysis to combine neutrino-mode and antineutrino-mode data sets, giving the first ever sensitivity to the CP-violating phase &delta;_CP from T2K data alone, as well as the most precise T2K measurement of the other neutrino oscillation parameters. The analysis uses a Markov Chain Monte Carlo method to construct a sample from the Bayesian posterior distribution, from which the oscillation parameters of interest and their uncertainties are estimated. Data samples from the T2K near detector, ND280, are fit simultaneously with data from the far detector in order to reduce the uncertainty in the far-detector prediction. When fitting the T2K data alone, the best-fit oscillation parameter values are sin² &theta;₂₃= 0.519^+0.031<sub style='position: relative; left: -2.8em;'>-0.059</sub>, sin² &theta;₁₃= 0.0257^+0.0106<sub style='position: relative; left: -3.2em;'>-0.0440</sub>, &Delta;m²<sub style='position: relative; left: -0.4em;'>32</sub>= 2.54^+0.12<sub style='position: relative; left: -2em;'>-0.10</sub> x 10^-3eV²,and &delta;_CP=-1.91 rad. The 90&percnt; credible interval for &delta;_CP excludes values around &pi;/2: &delta;_CP &notin; [0.38, 2.60] rad. When fitting the T2K data with a constraint on sin² &theta;₁₃ from measurements by reactor experiments, the best-fit oscillation parameter values are sin² &theta;₂₃= 0.519^+0.061<sub style='position: relative; left: -2.8em;'>-0.029</sub>, sin² &theta;₁₃= ^+0.0014<sub style='position: relative; left: -3.2em;'>-0.0014</sub>, Dm²<sub style='position: relative; left: -0.4em;'>32</sub>= 2.54^+0.12<sub style='position: relative; left: -2em;'>-0.12</sub> x 10^-3eV², and &delta;_CP=-1.72 rad. The 90&percnt; credible interval for &delta;_CP contains values &delta;_CP &isin; [-3.10,-0.17] rad, excluding the CP-conserving values 0 and ± &pi; at 90&percnt; probability.

The Standard Model has granted exquisite power to predict the behaviour of high-energy particle collisions. It is not, however, without conceptual and empirical weaknesses. Several theories have been proposed which aim to resolve these difficulties. This thesis describes searches for two such theories: models of extra spatial dimensions, and supersymmetry. The Large Hadron Collider has extended the frontiers of energy and intensity in particle physics. In 2015, the LHC resumed proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. This increase over previous operation grants an enhancement in sensitivity to many processes beyond those of the Standard Model. Extra-dimensional theories address the hierarchical nature of the Standard Model. The lowered fundamental scale of gravity in these models allows a rich phenomenology at energies which may be accessible to the LHC. Some models predict the formation of microscopic black holes, which are the target of an analysis of collisions recorded by the ATLAS detector in 2015. No significant deviations from Standard Model predictions were observed. The constraints inferred on the parameters of the model are a significant advance on previous results. Lepton flavour is conserved in the Standard Model. This is not the result of a known fundamental symmetry, however. The latter part of this thesis proposes a search examining asymmetries of charge and flavour in the eμ final state. Models of supersymmetry with an R-parity-violating λ'₂₃₁ coupling are taken as motivation. The strategy is developed using collision data recorded by ATLAS in 2015 and 2016, and the most significant biasing effects are addressed.

Using 3 fbˉ1 of proton-proton collisions, collected at centre-of-mass energies of √s = 7 and 8 TeV by the LHCb detector, several measurements of charmless B⁰s meson decays are made. A search is also performed for a highly suppressed B⁰ decay. First, the branching fraction of the B0⁰s→ ØØ decay is measured to be B(B⁰s→ ØØ) = (1.84 ± 0.05(stat) ± 0.07(syst) ± 0.11(fs=fd) ± 0.12(norm))X10ˉ⁵; where the third and fourth uncertainties arise from the fragmentation fraction fs/fd and the branching fraction of the normalisation mode. This represents a factor of five reduction in the statistical uncertainty compared to the previous best measurement. An upper limit on the branching fraction of the mode B⁰→ ØØ is set at B(B⁰→ ØØ) < 2.8 X 10ˉ⁸ (90% CL). This is a factor of seven improvement over the previous best measurement. An amplitude analysis of the B⁰s→ ØK+Kˉ decay is performed, wherein first observations of the decay modes B⁰s→ Øf´2(1525) and B⁰s→ ØØ(1680) are made. The branching fraction of the B⁰s→ Øf´2(1525) decay is measured to be B(B⁰s→ Øf´2 (1525)) = (1.63 ± 0.18(stat) ± 0.12(syst) ± 0.29(model) ± 0.17(norm)) X 10ˉ⁶; where the 'model' uncertainty arises from the choice of amplitude model. The longitudinal polarisation fraction of the decay B⁰s→ Øf´2(1525) is measured to be F0 = (86.6 ± 3.4 ± 0.8 ± 2.0 (model))%.

abstract: This thesis deals with the first measurements done with a cold neutron beam at the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The experimental technique consisted of capturing polarized cold neutrons by nuclei to measure parity-violation in the angular distribution of the gamma rays following neutron capture. The measurements presented here for the nuclei Chlorine ( 35Cl) and Aluminum ( 27Al ) are part of a program with the ultimate goal of measuring the asymmetry in the angular distribution of gamma rays emitted in the capture of neutrons on protons, with a precision better than 10-8, in order to extract the weak hadronic coupling constant due to pion exchange interaction with isospin change equal with one ( h&pi; 1). Based on theoretical calculations asymmetry in the angular distribution of the gamma rays from neutron capture on protons has an estimated size of 5&middot;10-8. This implies that the Al parity violation asymmetry and its uncertainty have to be known with a precision smaller than 4&middot;10-8. The proton target is liquid Hydrogen (H2) contained in an Aluminum vessel. Results are presented for parity violation and parity-conserving asymmetries in Chlorine and Aluminum. The systematic and statistical uncertainties in the calculation of the parity-violating and parity-conserving asymmetries are discussed. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Physics 2012

[pt] O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar as experiências de violação e defesa de direitos de jovens que cumpriram medida socioeducativa de privação e restrição de liberdade no sistema socioeducativo e que foram atendidos em dois Centros de Defesa de Direitos da Criança e do Adolescente no Rio de Janeiro (Cedecas). Contextualiza-se a história dos direitos positivados para o adolescente autor de ato infracional a fim de compreender esse universo na atualidade, em meio às suas trajetórias marcadas por episódios de violência. Problematiza-se a forma como as violações de direitos atingem os adolescentes antes, durante e depois do cumprimento da medida socioeducativa, demandando a intervenção de um órgão de defesa. A pesquisa, de caráter qualitativo, utiliza metodologia de estudo de caso com três jovens, com idade entre 18 e 22 anos. Os protagonistas desse estudo são os jovens e suas experiências singulares, que compõem um amplo quadro histórico de negação de direitos, onde diversas formas de violência perfazem seu cotidiano, que por eles não passam despercebidas e pelas quais não passam ilesos. As experiências inseridas no binômio violação x defesa de direitos expressam os múltiplos sentidos atribuídos pelos adolescentes e aparecem de forma profunda em suas narrativas, refletindo o recrudescimento do fenômeno da violência e as contradições do capitalismo. Ao reconhecerem e reproduzirem as violências sofridas nesses espaços e ao longo de suas vidas, percebem as violações como experiências marcantes, abusivas e ilegais. Ao mesmo tempo, experenciam a defesa de seus direitos a partir de seu próprio agir no mundo, ressignificando suas vivências e se reconstruindo a partir delas. / [en] The present study aims to analyze the experiences of violation and defense of rights of young people placed in closed facilities as well as open programs as part of the socio-educational system and also accessed the Centers for the Defense of Children s Rights in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The study contextualizes the way juvenile offenders rights get violated before, during and after the period they spent in the socio-educative facilities, and who also accessed centers for the defense of rights. The qualitative study was based on 3 case studies of youth between 18 and 22 years old. They were victims of violence and out the system and accessed the Children s Rights Defense Center for help. The protagonists of this study are the youth and their experiences of violation and defense of rights, and they are part of a broader historical context, characterized by several kinds of violence. These experiences do not go unnoticed by them and do cause them harm. The opposition between violation x defense of rights express multiple meanings to them, reflecting the intensification of violence and the contradictions present in a capitalist society. By recognizing and reproducing the violence suffered in these spaces and throughout their lives, they perceive such violations as abusive and illegal experiences. At the same time, they experience the defense of their rights from their own agency in the world, resignifying and reconstructing their experiences.

Este trabalho aborda a atividade sancionadora da Administração Pública e a necessidade de apreciação da culpabilidade para aplicação da sanção administrativa. Procede-se a uma análise dos fundamentos e conteúdo do Poder Sancionador da Administração Pública, em especial à culpabilidade do agente como elemento da infração administrativa. Defende-se, como regra, a necessidade de apreciação do elemento subjetivo do agente para aplicação da sanção administrativa, sob a ótica constitucional, enquanto garantia do administrado e decorrência da dignidade da pessoa humana. / This study deals with the punitive activity of the Public Administration and the need to appraise culpability as an element of administrative violations. It undertakes a broad analysis of the basis, content and limits of the punish powers of the Public Administration in the Brazilian legal system. It defends, as a rule, the need for an appraisal of the subjective element of the agent in the application of administrative sanctions, from a constitutional viewpoint,as a guarantee for those administered and out of respect for the dignity of the human person.

xiii, 173 p. : ill. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / Prior research has tended to focus on rational (e.g., collective social action and cost-benefit factors) rather than emotional processes when predicting boycott intention. The current dissertation proposes that both processes contribute to a boycotting decision and that each is premised on a perceived moral violation. A model is offered in which boycott intention is conceptualized as a consumer coping response. Three studies provide support that moral emotions and cost-benefit factors independently contribute to overall consumer boycott intention. In Study 1, online survey responses from active boycotters (N = 121) indicated that participants felt other-condemning moral emotions more acutely in symbolic boycotts than in non-symbolic boycotts. In Study 2, the theoretical relationship between perceived moral violation, boycott intention, and boycott behavior was established in a simple experiment (N = 201). In Study 3, experimental results from a real world consumer panel (N = 709) indicated that the key to diffusing consumer boycott intention is counter-message tactics aimed at reducing overall perceived moral violation. Path analysis using the data from Study 2 and 3 provided additional insight into the structure of the proposed model. Other-condemning and self-conscious emotions, along with perceived boycott benefit (ability to make a difference and self-enhancement), contributed to boycott intentions whereas cost perceptions played a lesser role in predicting boycott intention. Comparisons between the hypothesized model and a set of alternatives supported the proposition that boycott intention may be conceptualized as a coping behavior. Finally, the results of a path analysis indicated that two individual difference variables were determinants of perceived moral violation: humanitarian- egalitarian orientation and negative attitude towards big businesses. / Committee in charge: Robert Madrigal, Chairperson, Marketing; Lynn Kahle, Member, Marketing; David Boush, Member, Marketing; Robert Mauro, Outside Member, Psychology

This study is premised on the assumption that foregrounding is the dominant feature of poetry. Such an assumption informs this study to the extent that it examines the role of foregrounding in isiXhosa modem poetry. Foregrounding, as an unusual or deviant usage of language, manifests itself as: metaphorical language, foregrounded sound, syntactic foregrounding and the variation of rhythmico-metrical structure. These are called foregrounding techniques. However, this study deals only with the first three foregrounding techniques. Qangule's poetry furnishes this study with examples that are used to illustrate that foregrounding plays a significant role in isiXhosa modem poetry. The foregrounding techniques depict, illustrate, dramatize and suggest the meaning of a poem. They also have the ability to do that in a collaborative manner. Such a claim is evidenced by the comprehensive analysis and interpretation of the poem Ukubonga (To praise). / African Languages / M.A. (African Languages)