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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Design of an integrated voltage regulator / Design av en integrerad spänningsregulator

Komark, Stina January 2003 (has links)
Many analog systems need a stable power supply voltage that does not vary with temperature and time in order to operate properly. In a battery operated system the battery voltage is not stable, e.g. it decreases with decreasing temperature and with ageing. In that case a voltage regulator must be used, that regulates the battery voltage and generates a stable supply voltage to power other circuitry. In this thesis a voltage regulator to be used in a battery operated system has been designed which meets the given specification of stability and power capabilities. A voltage reference, which is a commonly used devise in analog circuits, was also designed. The role of a reference voltage in an electrical system is the same as for a tuning fork in a musical ensemble; to set a standard to which other voltages are compared. A functionality to detect when the lifetime of the battery is about to run out was also developed.
12

Projeto de uma fonte de tensão de referência / A voltage reference source design

Eder Issao Ishibe 19 May 2014 (has links)
Neste trabalho é apresentado o projeto de uma fonte de tensão de referência, um circuito capaz de prover uma tensão invariante com a temperatura, a tensão de alimentação e o processo de fabricação. São apresentadas: as equações de funcionamento, os passos para a elaboração da uma topologia final, o dimensionamento dos parâmetros de projeto com o uso de algoritmos metaheurísticos, o desenho do layout e os resultados e análises finais. O projeto emprega a tecnologia CMOS de 0,35 &#956m com quatro camadas de metal da Austria Micro Systems, em que os VTH0\'s dos transistores NMOS e PMOS, modelo típico, são, respectivamente, 0,5 V e -0,7 V. O circuito de fonte de referência é do tipo bandgap e faz a soma ponderada de correntes proporcionais a temperatura para atingir uma tensão de referência. Obteve-se um circuito típico com 0,5 V de tensão de referência, coeficiente de temperatura de 15 ppm/ºC em intervalo de temperatura de -10 a 90ºC em 1,0 V de tensão de alimentação, regulação de linha de 263 ppm/V em um intervalo de variação de 1,0 V a 2,5 V em 27ºC, 2,7 &#956A de corrente consumida e área de 0,11 mm². A introdução de um bloco de ajuste de coeficiente de temperatura, com ajuste digital, permite que mais que 90% dos circuitos produzidos tenham um coeficiente de temperatura de até 30 ppm/ºC. As medidas realizadas no trabalho são provenientes de simulações elétricas realizadas com o ELDO e modelos BSIM3v3. / In this work is presented a design of a reference voltage source, circuits capable to provide an invariant voltage regardless of the temperature, power supply and fabrication process. It\'s presented: the operation equations, the steps to elaborate a final topology, the project parameter sizing using a metaheuristic algorithm, the drawing of the layout, and the final results and its analysis. The design employs an AMS-CMOS 0.35 &#956m technology with four metal levels, whose NMOS and PMOS VTH0\'s for a typical circuit is 0.5 V and -0.7 V. The reference voltage circuit is bandgap and performs a weighted summation of proportional temperature currents to achieve the voltage reference. A typical circuit was obtained with 0.5 V reference voltage, 15 ppm/ºC temperature coefficient in the temperature range of -10 to 90ºC under 1.0 V power supply, 263 ppm/V line regulation in the range of 1.0 V to 2.5 V under 27ºC, 2.7 &#956A power consumption in a 0.11 mm² area. For a projected circuit its also possible to ensure a temperate coefficient under 30 ppm/ºC, for more than 95% of the produced circuits, employing an adjustment block which ought to be digitally calibrated for each circuit.
13

Návrh nízkonapěťového napájecího a referenčního bloku založeného na teplotně stabilní napěťové referenci / Design of low-voltage supply and reference block based on the bandgap reference

Mudroch, Michal January 2019 (has links)
In this diploma thesis there is elaborated design of low-voltage power supply block using I3T25 technology. The theoretical part describes the basic structures used in the design, using CMOS and bipolar devices. Furthermore, the properties and the analysis used in the evaluation are described. In the design part there is an elaborated design of individual parts, including voltage references, current references, DAC converter, operational amplifier. In the last part, the power supply block is subjected to simulations for verification of temperature compensated output variables and analyzed circuit functionality.
14

Návrh přesné napěťové reference v ACMOS procesu / Design of precise bandgap reference in ACMOS process

Kacafírek, Jiří January 2010 (has links)
In this thesis the principle of voltage reference especially bangap reference is described. Below are described two circuits of this type designed in ACMOS process. There is handmade evaluation of error analysis to identify main error contributors and also monte-carlo simulation. Also statistical analysis is made on the circuit. Results of all methods are compared. Error of reference voltage is compared for both circuits. Circuit with bigger error is optimized to achieve a better precision. Obtained results showed a good agreement of all methods, which evidences importance of hand error evaluation.
15

Napěťové reference v bipolárním a CMOS procesu / Voltage References in Bipolar and CMOS Process

Kotrč, Václav January 2015 (has links)
This diploma thesis deals with precise design of Brokaw BandGap voltage reference comparing with MOS references. There is STEP BY STEP separation and analysis of proposed devices, using Monte Carlo analysis. There are also presented the methods for achieving a lower deviation of the output voltage for yielding device, which needs no trimming.
16

Napěťová reference s LTZ1000 / Voltage reference based on LTZ1000 IC

Grohoľ, Stanislav January 2016 (has links)
The thesis deals with the issue of stability of voltage reference based on LTZ1000(A) integrated circuit. At the beginning are specified main parameters of voltage references in terms of stability. The work presents distribution references by architecture and by method of connection to the circuit. Work compares some references of Analog Devices and Linear Technology companies. In work is described voltage reference LTZ1000(A) and its circuits from datasheet. Listed are the main factor that influence the stability of reference, such as temperature, PCB design, Zener diode bias current, airflow and choice of circuit components. Given the description of a design module with the 7 V, 5 V and 10 V output. Made was three samples of PCB. Listed are results from long-term drift and temperature drift measures.
17

Projeto de uma fonte de tensão de referência CMOS usando programação geométrica. / CMOS voltage reference source design via geometric programming.

Juan José Carrillo Castellanos 10 December 2010 (has links)
Nesta dissertação é apresentada a aplicação da programação geométrica no projeto de uma fonte de tensão de referência de baixa tensão de alimentação que pode ser integrada em tecnologias padrões CMOS. Também são apresentados os resultados experimentais de um projeto da fonte de bandgap feito por um método de projeto convencional, cuja experiência motivou e ajudou ao desenvolvimento da formulação do programa geométrico proposta neste trabalho. O programa geométrico desenvolvido nesta dissertação otimiza o desempenho da fonte de bandgap e agiliza seu tempo de projeto. As expressões matemáticas que descrevem o funcionamento e as principais especificações da fonte de bandgap foram geradas e adaptadas ao formato de um programa geométrico. A compensação da temperatura, o PSRR, o consumo de corrente, a área, a tensão de saída e a sua variação por causa da tensão de offset do OTA, e a estabilidade são as principais especificações deste tipo de fonte de tensão de referência e fazem parte do programa geométrico apresentado neste trabalho. Um exemplo do projeto usando o programa geométrico formulado neste trabalho, mostra a possibilidade de projetar a fonte de bandgap em alguns minutos com erros baixos entre os resultados do programa geométrico e de simulação. / This work presents the application of geometric programming in the design of a CMOS low-voltage bandgap voltage reference source. Test results of a bandgap voltage reference designed via a conventional method are showed, this design experience motivated and helped to formulate the geometric program developed in this work. The geometric program developed in this work optimizes the bandgap source performance and speeds up the design time. The mathematical expressions that describe the bandgap source functioning and specifications were developed and adapted in the geometric program format. The temperature compensation, the PSRR, the current consumption, the area, the output voltage and its variations under the operational tranconductance amplifier offset voltage, and the stability are the main specifications of this type of bandgap reference source and they are included into the geometric program presented in this work. An example of the design using the geometric program formulated in this work, shows the possibility of designing the bandgap source in a few minutes with low errors between the geometric program results and the simulation results.
18

Projeto de uma fonte de tensão de referência CMOS usando programação geométrica. / CMOS voltage reference source design via geometric programming.

Carrillo Castellanos, Juan José 10 December 2010 (has links)
Nesta dissertação é apresentada a aplicação da programação geométrica no projeto de uma fonte de tensão de referência de baixa tensão de alimentação que pode ser integrada em tecnologias padrões CMOS. Também são apresentados os resultados experimentais de um projeto da fonte de bandgap feito por um método de projeto convencional, cuja experiência motivou e ajudou ao desenvolvimento da formulação do programa geométrico proposta neste trabalho. O programa geométrico desenvolvido nesta dissertação otimiza o desempenho da fonte de bandgap e agiliza seu tempo de projeto. As expressões matemáticas que descrevem o funcionamento e as principais especificações da fonte de bandgap foram geradas e adaptadas ao formato de um programa geométrico. A compensação da temperatura, o PSRR, o consumo de corrente, a área, a tensão de saída e a sua variação por causa da tensão de offset do OTA, e a estabilidade são as principais especificações deste tipo de fonte de tensão de referência e fazem parte do programa geométrico apresentado neste trabalho. Um exemplo do projeto usando o programa geométrico formulado neste trabalho, mostra a possibilidade de projetar a fonte de bandgap em alguns minutos com erros baixos entre os resultados do programa geométrico e de simulação. / This work presents the application of geometric programming in the design of a CMOS low-voltage bandgap voltage reference source. Test results of a bandgap voltage reference designed via a conventional method are showed, this design experience motivated and helped to formulate the geometric program developed in this work. The geometric program developed in this work optimizes the bandgap source performance and speeds up the design time. The mathematical expressions that describe the bandgap source functioning and specifications were developed and adapted in the geometric program format. The temperature compensation, the PSRR, the current consumption, the area, the output voltage and its variations under the operational tranconductance amplifier offset voltage, and the stability are the main specifications of this type of bandgap reference source and they are included into the geometric program presented in this work. An example of the design using the geometric program formulated in this work, shows the possibility of designing the bandgap source in a few minutes with low errors between the geometric program results and the simulation results.
19

Metodologia para a otimização do rendimento e desempenho dos circuitos analógicos usando programação geométrica. / Methodology to improve the yield and performance on analog circuits using geometric programming.

Sáenz Noval, Jorge Johanny 07 May 2012 (has links)
Este trabalho propõe uma metodologia de projeto para fabricação ou Design Methodology for Manufacturing (DFM) utilizando a Programação Geométrica (PG) e os métodos tipo Newton para resolver problemas de otimização não-linear, os quais definem e assistem o projeto de circuitos analógicos. Depois, essa metodologia é aplicada e validada através do projeto de uma fonte de referência. Nos últimos anos, a tendência do aumento na densidade de transistores previsto pela lei de Moore tornou o problema do projeto dos circuitos dimensionalmente mais complexo. Além disso, uma maior densidade de transistores implica na diminuição das dimensões características do processo tornando-o mais sensível às variações de processo e as condições ambientais. As diferenças apresentadas entre o circuito projetado e aquele testado dão evidências de perdas de rendimento, as quais são atribuídas numa grande proporção ao processo de projeto. Devido à grande responsabilidade que o projetista tem neste problema, o projeto analógico deve ser focado para novas abordagens que levem em conta o desempenho e o rendimento conjuntamente. Em primeiro lugar, a metodologia proposta obtém um ponto inicial com um conjunto de especificações de desempenho adequadas, o qual vai ser usado na análise do impacto que tem o mismatch e as variações de processo sobre as especificações. Uma vez que o comportamento estatístico e determinístico do circuito foi caracterizado, uma nova estratégia de melhoria de rendimento foi implementada usando PG. A intenção de obter um projeto com um conjunto de especificações de bom desempenho envolve diretamente o rendimento do circuito, pois um conjunto de especificações ótimo obtido através da estrutura típica da PG não garante a obtenção de um projeto comercial e competitivo. Assim, este trabalho estabelece um método de projeto que combina a facilidade na obtenção do ótimo global da Programação Geométrica com uma nova análise de mismatch e de pior caso a qual permitiu uma redução nos tempos de computação mantendo semelhantes os valores de desempenho nominais. Usando a metodologia de projeto para fabricação proposta neste trabalho foi obtido um projeto de uma fonte de referência com um rendimento maior que 37% comparado com uma estratégia de projeto típica, sem nenhuma penalização significativa nas especificações de desempenho. / This work proposed a Design Methodology for Manufacturing (DFM) using Geometric Programming (GP) and Newton-like methods to solve non-linear optimization problems, which define and aid the design of analog circuits. Afterwards, this methodology is applied and validated through the design of a voltage reference circuit. Over the last years, the tendency of the increasing on the transistor density predicted by the Moore Law has turned the circuit design problem dimensionally more complex. Additionally, a higher transistor density implies shrinkage on the feature dimensions of the process making it more sensitive to the process variations and environmental conditions. The differences between the designed circuit and the tested one give an evidence of yield losses, which are attributed in a great proportion to the design process. Due to the high responsibility of the designer on this problem, the analog design must be focused on new approaches that jointly manage performance and yield. In first place, the proposed methodology obtain a initial point with a suitable set of performance specifications, which will be used to analyze the impact of the mismatch and process variation over the design specifications. Once the statistical and deterministic behavior of the circuit was characterized, a new yield improvement strategy is implemented using Geometric Programming. Attempting to obtain a design with a set of high performance specifications directly involves the circuit yield, because an optimal performance set obtained by the traditional framework of GP does not assure the obtaining of a marketable and competitive design. So, this works establish a design method that combine the advantage of obtaining global optimum in Geometric Programming with a new mismatch and worst-case analysis that enabled a reduction in their computation time and maintain the initial nominal performance values. Using the design methodology for manufacturing proposed in this work, a voltage reference design with 37% better yield than one obtained with a typical design strategy without any significant penalty on their performance specs was achieved.
20

Durcissement par conception d'ASIC analogiques / Radiation hardened design techniques for analog ASICs

Piccin, Yohan 27 June 2014 (has links)
Les travaux de cette thèse sont axés sur le durcissement à la dose cumulée des circuits analogiques associés aux systèmes électroniques embarqués sur des véhicules spatiaux, satellites ou sondes. Ces types de circuits sont réputés pour être relativement sensibles à la dose cumulée, parfois dès quelques krad, souvent en raison de l’intégration d’éléments bipolaires. Les nouvelles technologies CMOS montrent par leur intégration de plus en plus poussée, un durcissement naturel à cette dose. L’approche de durcissement proposée ici, repose sur un durcissement par la conception d’une technologie commerciale « full CMOS » du fondeur ST Microelectronics, appelée HCMOS9A. Cette approche permet d’assurer la portabilité des méthodes de durcissement proposées d’une technologie à une autre et de rendre ainsi accessible les nouvelles technologies aux systèmes spatiaux. De plus, cette approche de durcissement permet de faire face aux coûts croissants de développement et d’accès aux technologies durcies. Une première technique de durcissement à la dose cumulée est appliquée à une tension de référence « full CMOS ». Elle ne fait intervenir ni jonction p-n parasites ni précautions delay out particulières mais la soustraction de deux tensions de seuil qui annulent leurs effets à la dose cumulée entre elles. Si les technologies commerciales avancées sont de plus en plus utilisées pour des applications spécialement durcies, ces dernières exhibent en contrepartie de plus grands offsets que les technologies bipolaires. Cela peut affecter les performances des systèmes. La seconde technique étudiée : l’auto zéro, est une solution efficace pour réduire les dérives complexes dues entre autres à la température, de l’offset d’entrée des amplificateurs opérationnels. Le but ici est de prouver que cette technique peut tout aussi bien contrebalancer les dérives de l’offset dues à la dose cumulée. / The purpose of this thesis work is to investigate circuit design techniques to improve the robustness to Total Ionizing Dose (TID) of analog circuits within electronic systems embedded in space probes, satellites and vehicles. Such circuits often contain bipolartransistor components which are quite sensitive to cumulated radiation dose. However highly integrated CMOS technology has been shown to exhibit better natural TDI hardening.The approach proposed here is a hardening by design using a full CMOS semiconductor technology commercially available from ST Microelectronics calledHCMOS9A. The proposed generic hardening design methods will be seen to be compatibleand applicable to other existing or future process technologies. Furthermore this approach addresses the issue of ever-increasing development cost and access to hardened technologies.The first TID hardening technique proposed is applied to a full-CMOS voltage reference. This technique does not involve p-n junctions nor any particular layout precaution but instead is based on the subtraction of two different threshold voltages which allows the cancellation of TDI effects. While the use of advanced commercial CMOS technologies for specific radiation hardened applications is becoming more common, these technologies suffer from larger inputoffs et voltage drift than their bipolar transistor counterparts, which can impact system performance. The second technique studied is that of auto-zeroing, which is an efficient method to reduce the complex offset voltage drift mechanisms of operational amplifiers due to temperature. The purpose here is to prove that this technique can also cancel input offset voltage drift due to TID.Index term : hardening, cumulated dose, CMOS technology, voltage reference,operational amplifier.

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