The aim of this thesis is the study of electrochemical oxidation of para-substituted phenol derivates using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and ,,direct current" voltammetry (DCV) on boron-doped diamond electrode (BDD) and comparison with some analogous meta-substituted compounds. Among the studied substances were p-cresol, 4-methoxyphenol, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, 4-nitrophenol, 4-chlorophenol and 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenol. The oxidation of the analytes was performed in an acidic (pH 2,0) and basic (pH 11,0) Britton-Robinson buffer on mechanically polished, oxidated and hydrogenated surfaces. Another subject of the thesis is to analyze the influence of different substituents, characterized by the Hammett constant, on the oxidation potential of selected phenols. They are oxidized at more positive redox potentials in acidic media, than in basic media, where they are dissociated. The oxidation on the polished and hydrogenated surfaces were similar, whereas were shifted to higher values on the oxidated surface. Further, the signal intensity decreased on the oxidated one, and the oxidation of phenols was not recognizable in basic media. The passivation of the electrode was less significant in pH 2,0 buffer. The best result of Hammett correlation was achieved on a polished and...

This graduate work deals with the study and preparation of gel polymer electrolytes with flame retardants for lithium-ion batteries. The theoretical part describes the types of electrolytes, their features, benefits, how they differ and where they are used in detail. The basis of this section is gel electrolytes with flame retardants, to measure their electrical and electrochemical properties. The experimental part deals with the preparation of samples of gel electrolytes with different percentages of flame retardant, where varied species of flame retardants and measuring their electrical conductivity and potential windows. Impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and dynamic-analytical thermal analysis were selected as measuring methods.

This master's thesis deals with a topic of determination of the most suitable ratio of cathode materials for the lithium-sulfur systems. The first two chapters provide a general introduction to the topic of electrochemical energy sources and present the commonly used primary and secondary battery systems with emphasis on their characteristics and applications. The core of the theoretical part is dedicated to lithium-ion and lithium-sulfur batteries, their working principles along with the benefits or drawbacks related to the particular systems, and widely used materials. The experimental part briefly comments on determining the suitable electrode paste preparation method, the subsequent main part is focused on evaluation of electrochemical performance of cells using different ratios of cathode materials. Five samples of cathode materials were prepared, where the sulfur ratio is in range from 64 to 88 wt. %. Finally, the comparison of all prepared ratios in terms of their electrochemical properties is provided.

This diploma thesis deals with the description of individual types of batteries. The first part is focused to primary and secondary batteries, materials for their positive and negative electrodes with a focus on lithium-ion batteries and their changes over time. The next section focuses on a more detailed description of sodium-ion batteries, used electrode materials and to their problems. Practical part is focesed to preparing of electrode materials and to completing of measuring electrochemical cell and to discribing of measuring methodes and to evaluation of measured data.

This work deals with the preparation of liquid electrolytes from different types of aprotic solvents with the aim of their application as electrolytes in electrochemical supercapacitors. Different sorts of aprotic solvents have been chosen, in which the following forms of salts were used: LiBF4, LiClO4,LiPF6. In the next part of the work, the properties of these solvents were measured and the best electrolyte, according to the biggest possible capacity of the system, was chosen. In the theoretical part of this work, the physical principle of supercapacitors and their propeties are described. It deals with electrolytes, their division and with the properties that are appropriate for supercapacitors. The experimental part of the work describes the process of preparation of the samples of electrodes, electrolytes and the techniques of measuring their capacities.

The Master’s Thesis deals with supercapacitators based on principle of eletrical double layer. At the outset there is an explanation of supercapacitor working principal. We discussed advantages and disavantages supercapacitators compared with other related elements in electrotechnics. Materials based on carbon and their structure for production supercapacitators are described too. In next part of Thesis we mention different methods and techniques for the measurement and the evaluation of supercapacitators‘s capacities. Optimal materials for production supercapacitators are presented in conclusion.

This work covers an area of heavy metals detection by miniaturized thick film sensors. Working electrode of these sensors was fabricated using thick film paste that was prepared as a nanocomposition of carbon nanotubes powder, suitable vehicle and a thinner. The response of fabricated electrodes to cadmium and lead ions was measured using differential pulse voltammetry in an acetate buffer solution using a three electrode sytem. The results were compared with the carbon electrode made from special commercial thick film polymer paste. Finally the possibility of working electrode surface activation with nitric acid and heavy metals on real biological sample detection is described here.

The present work deals with the use of manganese oxide as a catalyst for positive electrode of fuel cells. The theoretical part is to analyze the problem of fuel cells, focusing on lowtemperature fuel cells. Are discussed and the methods of measurement and evaluation of properties of manganese oxide layer. The practical part deals with doping electrolytic manganese dioxide salts of divalent metals and monitoring their behavior in the cyclic voltammetry by the EQCM method.

Nowadays it is attached to a major effort to study applications of nanoparticles in biosensors technology. We studied the effect of gold nanoparticles on the surface of the electrodes by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy method and Cyclic Voltammetry. For impedance measurements was proposed substitute electrical model and cyclic voltammetry method was used to determine the electroactive surface of electrodes.

The aim of this thesis is to summarize the available evidence about quantum dots and their effects on living systems. The text describes methods for the preparation of quantum dots with respect to their characteristics (size, fluorescence wavelength) and methods of quantum dots bio-functionalization of biomolecules. In living organisms is a large number of proteins, because these are considered as one of the main components of the interaction of organisms. Therefore, the work also provides basic information about proteins. Finally, there are described various methods by which the quantum dots may be characterized mainly by differential pulse voltammetry measurement zeta potential and fluorescence measurement. The main objective of this work is to propose models of different environments in which will be degradation of quantum dots with regard to the evaluation of acquired kinetic parameters for predicting the stability of individual quantum dots.