A partir du cas de la politique d'aide au retour volontaire en France, cette recherche propose une interprétation des politiques d'éloignement des étrangers en situation irrégulière, telles qu'elles sont formulées à l'échelle de l'Union européenne sous l'angle du « retour ». Le principe d'expulsion est maintenant transposé dans le champ de l'action sociale, sous la forme de divers dispositifs d'assistance humanitaire qui masquent la dimension de contrainte contenue dans l'objectif final de faire sortir les étrangers du territoire. Ce brouillage amène à s'intéresser aux ressorts matériels et symboliques de la domination qui s'exerce sur les « retournés » par le biais de cette assistance, où s'observe un retournement du rapport des expulsables à leur départ, rebaptisé « volontaire ». En tenant bout à bout l'étude des processus de renvoi et des expériences d'après-retour, il s'agit de mettre en perspective les mythologies et les réalités du phénomène. Pour ce faire, on examine, à travers les mécanismes de relégation, l'ensemble des acteurs et des institutions participant à l'aménagement d'un espace transnational de prise en charge sociale reliant les pays de renvoi aux pays d'où venaient les émigrés, particulièrement dans les effets sociopolitiques et anthropologiques que leurs opérations produisent. / Starting from the issue of assisted voluntary return in France, this research offers an interpretation of removal policies for undocumented foreigners, labeled as "return policy" in the European Union. The principle of deportation has now been transposed to the field of social policy. Therefore, various humanitarian assistance programmes have hidden the notion of obligation which underlies the final goal of having foreigners leave the country. This confusion leads to the study of material and symbolic patterns of domination applied to "returnees”. In fact, this assistance involves a twist in the relation to the departure: undocumented migrants are no longer deportable people but foreigners asking for voluntary departure. Considering the whole process of removal and post deportation experiences, this research is to outline the myths and realities of return. Thus, trough relegation mechanisms, both social actors and institutions have been investigated. Their involvement and its consequences in the set up of a transnational space bonding the "deporting countries" and the countries of origin have been thoroughly analysed from a sociopolitical and an anthropological point of view.

This study pretends, following the Legitimacy theory, to know the disclosure level of social information by Spanish listed companies, and the main factor influencing disclosure decisions. This study shows that studied companies disclose very few labour and non labour social information, and also shows the association among sector of activity, company size and the listing on international markets with the intention of disclosing social information voluntary. No association was found between ownership diffusion and voluntary disclosure. / El presente trabajo pretende conocer, siguiendo la teoría de la legitimidad, el grado de difusión existente de información social por parte de las empresas cotizadas españolas y los factores que determinan su revelación. Para ello, hemos analizado la información social que voluntariamente divulgan las empresas de la muestra como parte del informe anual. El estudio muestra que las sociedades analizadas revelan escasa información social laboral y no laboral, y muestra la relación existente entre el sector de actividad, el tamaño de la empresa y el hecho de cotizar en mercados exteriores con la decisión de revelar información social voluntariamente. No encuentra, por el contrario, ninguna relación con el grado de difusión de la propiedad, hipótesis planteada que no sido contrastada.

Abstract: The  aim  of  this  study  was  to  examine  which  attitudes  professionals  who  are  involved  in voluntary mediation in  Gävle, have towards voluntary mediation  as a  preventative  working method. The  empirical  material  used  in  this  study,  has  been  gathered  through  semi-structured interviews with staff members of the so called Crime Preventers in Gävle (Brottsförebyggarna I Gävle, BIG) and staff members from the police and social services. These interviews helped to get a deeper understanding and detailed information about the attitudes towards restorative justice  and  voluntary  mediation.  The  theoretical  framework  that  was  used  was  social constructionism and restorative justice theory. The  Crime  Preventers  (BIG)  in  Gävle  are  keeping  the  method  and  process  up  to  date  by further  educating  themselves  within  the  subject  via  conferences,  workshops  and  similar activities. There seems to be a preference for working more with mediation, since currently the activity of the voluntary process is decreasing due to a decrease in suitable criminal cases for mediation. The results from this study however indicate that attitudes toward mediation, as a process and method  on  a  voluntary  basis,  are  highly  appreciated  amongst  those  who  are  continuously working with it.   However, further research on the subject is desired to develop it better and gain more from its positive effects.

Submitted by Bruna De Ribeiro Costa (bruna.rcosta9@gmail.com) on 2016-01-12T13:43:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Coffee Voluntary Standards Systems. A study of the states of Minas Gerais and Sao Paulo.pdf: 839317 bytes, checksum: 7a58d633263456d167a40a5b81d8965c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Luiza Holme (ana.holme@fgv.br) on 2016-01-12T15:52:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Coffee Voluntary Standards Systems. A study of the states of Minas Gerais and Sao Paulo.pdf: 839317 bytes, checksum: 7a58d633263456d167a40a5b81d8965c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-12T16:12:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Coffee Voluntary Standards Systems. A study of the states of Minas Gerais and Sao Paulo.pdf: 839317 bytes, checksum: 7a58d633263456d167a40a5b81d8965c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-18 / In order to adapt to new markets, the coffee supply chain has gone through numerous changes during the last years, which led to the creation of the voluntary standard systems. Adopting a Voluntary Standard System (VSS) consists of becoming a member of a certifier or verifier, in which an independent third party sets specific criteria to ensure a product complies with standards. Yet, the segment is still relatively new and raises some doubts about the economic and financial advantages of investing in sustainability-related certification. This study analyzes the perception of coffee producers about VSS – whether it brings economic benefits. The literature review covers various VSS in the coffee sector, the brief history of the commodity in Brazil, as well as the description of the supply chain. Certified and non-certified producers in the States of Sao Paulo and Minas Gerais, answered questionnaires to indicate the perceived advantages of certification. The results show that, despite some added value that certification can bestow, the quality is what really matter, since it allows producers to sell the product at higher prices and to gain advantage over competitors.

A hipertrofia cardíaca é um mecanismo de adaptação do coração ao aumento de demanda. De acordo com o estímulo, fisiológico ou patológico, a hipertrofia apresenta diferentes características morfológicas e moleculares. Compreender os mecanismos comuns e distintos entre os dois tipos de hipertrofia é um passo importante para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de prevenção e tratamento da IC. Dentre os mecanismos distintos cabe ressaltar a participação das espécies reativas do oxigênio (EROs) que parecem estar presentes em altos níveis na hipertrofia cardíaca patológica e em baixos na fisiológica. Além disso, o papel regulatório dos microRNAs (miRs) tem sido demonstrado nas doenças cardiovasculares. No entanto, a influência das EROs no desenvolvimento da hipertrofia e nas adaptações decorrentes a ela ainda não está estabelecido. Assim, nosso objetivo foi avaliar as diferenças morfológicas e moleculares da hipertrofia cardíaca fisiológica, induzida pelo exercício, e da patológica, induzida por bandeamento aórtico (TAC), e sua modulação pela vitamina E. Os modelos de exercício e TAC desenvolveram hipertrofia cardíaca de forma compatível com o estímulo recebido. Essas adaptações ocorreram conjuntamente com alterações na expressão dos miRs-21, -26b, -150, -210 e -499. A vitamina E inibiu o estímulo angiogênicos, no modelo fisiológico, assim como a expressão dos miRs-21, -150 e -210. No entanto, esses efeitos não alteraram o fenótipo final da hipertrofia cardíaca fisiológica. No modelo patológico, por outro lado, a vitamina E reduziu a fibrose e o dano oxidativo, além de alterar a expressão de miRs já descritos no desenvolvimento da hipertrofia cardíaca patológica. Novamente, esse efeito não foi suficiente para reduzir a hipertrofia cardíaca. Em conjunto, os dados desse estudo sugerem que a vitamina E e/ou sua capacidade antioxidante têm a capacidade de influenciar de forma benéfica a hipertrofia patológica; no entanto, seus efeitos podem ser desfavoráveis no estímulo fisiológico. / Cardiac hypertrophy is an adaptive mechanism of the heart to the increased demand. According to the stimulus, physiological or pathological, cardiac hypertrophy present different morphological and molecular features. Understanding both the unique and the shared features in each type of hypertrophy is an important step to the development of novel approaches in the HF management. Among the unique mechanisms, the participation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) seems to be present at high levels in pathological and at low levels in physiological cardiac hypertrophy. Furthermore, the regulatory role of microRNAs (miRs) have been shown in cardiovascular diseases. However, ROS influence in cardiac hypertrophy development and their adaptations were not established yet. Thus, our objective was to evaluate morphological and molecular differences between physiological cardiac hypertrophy (physical exerciceinduced) and pathological cardiac hypertrophy (transverse aortic constrictioninduced), and its modulation by vitamin E. Exercise and TAC models developed cardiac hypertrophy in a manner consistent with the received stimulus. These adaptations occurred along with changes in miR-21, -26b, -150, -210 and -499 expression. Vitamin E inhibited angiogenic adaptations, as well as miR-21, -150 and -210 expression in physiological model. However, these effects did not change the final physiological cardiac hypertrophy phenotype. On the other hand, in the pathological model, vitamin E reduced oxidative damage and fibrosis, and altered the expression of miRs described in pathological cardiac hypertrophy development. Again, this effect was not sufficient to reduce cardiac hypertrophy. In conclusion, vitamin E and/or its antioxidant capacity have the capacity to influence the pathological hypertrophy in a beneficial way, but its effects can be unfavorable in the physiological stimulus.

The thesis follows the development of charity, both as a theological concept and as the activity of increasing number of social institutions, over two centuries. The main narrative of the thesis follows these two themes, but it also identifies other background factors, particularly developments in social history. It uses insights from anthropological gift theory, reflected in part in the concept of noblesse oblige, a standpoint which both demands support from the rich to the poor and legitimates social divisions: points frequently made in charity sermons. The thesis explores the development of theologies of charity, in particular in the writings of Butler, Wesley, Sumner, Chalmers, Maurice, and Westcott, and also considers the philosophy of J S Mill and T H Green. From these, it is argued that the key development in theoretical analyses of charity is a shift in discourse from an emphasis on the duty of the rich to behave charitably (as in Butler's concept of benevolence) to a concern with the outcome of such giving on the recipients of charity. This is first seen in the writings and practice of the early leaders of the evangelical revival who saw the poor as children of God, but also as being in need of moral reformation. With the advent of a Christian approach to economics based on the thinking of Malthus and Sumner, a harsher approach developed which saw charity as undermining a divinely ordered social economy and was expressed in the Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834. The reaction against this led to a split in thinking about charity: on the one side a mix of economic theory, Comtean altruism and Greenian Idealism resulted in the growth of an autonomous, secular and professional approach to charity exemplified by C S Loch, and on the other a changing Christian approach to the position of the poor in society, going back to Maurice which was expressed in a call for justice rather than charity by the Christian Socialists of the late nineteenth century. Meanwhile, other political developments were resulting in a greater state involvement in what had hitherto been an independent field of charitable work, and resulted in very different patterns of welfare, in which charity took second place to state provision. The thesis ends by revisiting the split in discourse between givers and receivers of charity, and argues that both sides need to be considered in any theological discussion, including the need for recipients to be allowed to reciprocate to others.

(Frågorna gällande hållbarhet har sett mycket förändring sedan dess påbörjande under det sena 1980-talet. En sådan förändring är i Sverige är det lagkrav som trädde i kraft under slutet av 2016, vilket kräver tvingande rapportering av hållbarhetsfrågor i stora svenska företag. Detta är det enda tillägg till denna lag sedan 2005. Tidigare har rapporteringen av dessa frågor till stor del varit på frivillig basis, men med införandet av denna lag kommer det bli ett obligatoriskt moment för många företag. Denna studie är longitudinell och använder innehållsanalys för att jämföra rapporter från fyra svenska företag från 2004 och 2016 för att fastställa hur deras rapporter har utvecklats. Huvudsyftet med denna studie är att jämföra innehållet av hållbarhetsrapporter från en tid då rapporteringen var frivillig till att den blivit obligatorisk. Avsikten är att dra slutsatser om vilken effekt lagen har på företags hållbarhetsrapporter. Studien drar slutsatserna att alla dessa stora företag uppfyllde kraven för respektive lagstiftningsändringar året innan de trädde i kraft. Det största företaget uppfyller även kraven för lagen från 2016 under 2004. Samtliga företags rapporter har haft en märkbar utveckling vad gäller omfattning och innehåll. Den minst utvecklade kategorin är Risk och Riskhantering. Legitimitetsteori och institutionell teori fungerar som förklaring till hur och vad företag rapporterar i sina hållbarhetsrapporter samt varför lagkraven uppfylls redan innan de har trätt i kraft. Studien visar att lagen är bristfällig i jämförelse med andra standarder för frivillig rapportering, dock har även de frivilliga standarderna svagheter. Sammanfattningsvis konstaterar studien att det sätt företag rapporterar på och använder sig av hållbarhetsrapportering, har format lagen, inte tvärtom. Strävan efter legitimitet är en starkt drivande faktor för formen och innehåll av hållbarhetsrapporter. / The issues regarding sustainability have seen much change since its inception in the late 1980s. One such change in Sweden is the law put into effect in late 2016 which calls for the mandatory reporting of sustainability issues in large Swedish companies. This is the only addition to this law regarding sustainability since 2005. Previously the reporting of these issues has been largely on a voluntary basis, with the passing of this law however it will be a mandatory element for many companies. This study is longitudinal and uses content analysis to compare reports from four Swedish companies from 2004 and 2016 to determine how their reporting has evolved. The main purpose of this paper is to compare the contents of sustainability reports from a time when the reporting was voluntary to when it has become mandatory. The intention is to draw conclusions regarding the effect the law has on companies’ sustainability reports. The study concludes that all of these large companies met the requirements of the respective law change the year before it came into effect. The two largest companies even met the requirements from the 2016 law in 2004. All of the companies’ reports have seen significant development regarding scope and content and the least developed category is Risk and Risk management. Legitimacy Theory and Institutional Theory work as an explanation for how and what companies report in their sustainability reports. It also explains why the law requirements are met before they are put into effect. The study shows that the law is inadequate compared to voluntary reporting standards, though these also possess some weaknesses. Overall the study finds that the way companies report and use sustainability reporting has shaped the law, not the other way around. They strive for legitimacy is a strong driving factor for the form and content of sustainability reports.

No description available.

Made available in DSpace on 2012-05-07T14:46:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 000001.pdf: 1653816 bytes, checksum: 2febccf842c0431a5cc171cdd4a06251 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Estuda o processo de patrocínio privado à ciência no Brasil, na primeira metade do século vinte. Mais especificamente estará estudando a relação do industrial Guilherme Guinle com o médico e cientista Carlos Chagas e as ações que dela resultaram: de um lado, a contrução dos hopitais para sifilíticos e para cancerosos, na década de 1920, no Rio de Janeiro, onde suas ações estão diretamente relacionadas à política de Saúde Pública levada a cabo pela gestão de Carlos Chagas frente ao Departamento Nacional de Saúde Pública. E, de outro lado, o apoio aos projetos desenvolvidos por Evandro Chagas, Carlos Chagas Filho e Walter Oswaldo Cruz, ainda com forte vinculação aos ideais do "nacionalismo sanitário" defendido por Carlos Chagas. Em resumo, essa tese pretende explorar os caminhos que permitiram que o mecenato e a filantropia de Guilherme Guinle à ciência e à saúde acontecessem no Rio de Janeiro dos anos de 1920 e 1940. / The objective of this thesis "Between the ballrooms and the laboratory: philanthropy, patronage and scientific practices - Rio de Janeiro, 1920-1940" is the study of private sponsorship to science in Brazil in the first half of the twentieth century. More specifically, I will be studying the relationship between the industrialist Guilherme Guinle and the physician and scientist Carlos Chagas as well as the outcome of it: on one hand, there was the construction of hospitals for syphilitic and cancerous people in Rio de Janeiro in the 1920s. These actions are directly related to the Public Health policies passed during Carlos Chagas' office as chief of the National Public Health Department. And, on the other hand, there was the support given to projects carried out by Evandro Chagas, Carlos Chagas Filho and Walter Oswaldo Cruz, still strongly linked to the ideals of "sanitary nationalism" defended by Carlos Chagas. In a nutshell, this study intends to explore the circumstances which made Guilherme Guinle's patronage and philanthropy to science and health possible in Rio de Janeiro in the 1920s and 1940s. / La thèse "Entre os salões e o laboratório: filantropia, mecenato e práticas científicas - Rio de Janeiro, 1920-1940" vise à analyser le processus de patronage de la science au Brésil, pendant la première moitié du XXè siècle. Il porte notament sur les relations nouées entre un industriel, Guilherme Guinle, et un médecin-savant, Carlos Chagas, ainsi que sur les actions qui en ont résultés. Soit, d’une part, la construction de deux hôpitaux à Rio de Janeiro, au cours de la deuxième décennie du XXè siècle: l’un pour les syphilitiques et l’autre pour les cancéreux; et cela selon un modèle philanthropique qui tient d’ une politique de santé publique mise en oeuvre par l’administration de Carlos Chagas quand il était à la tête du Departamento Nacional de Saúde Pública. D’autre part, le soutien apporté par Guilherme Guinle aux projets développés par Evandro Chagas et Walter Oswaldo Cruz, encore très liés aux idées higyènistes de Carlos Chagas ; et par Carlos Chagas Filho. Bref, cette thèse a comme but de suivre les chemins qui ont permi que le mécénat et la philanthropie de Guilherme Guinle auraient eu lieu à Rio de Janeiro, aux années de 1920 jusqu'à 1940.

Made available in DSpace on 2013-01-07T15:55:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 4.pdf: 8159165 bytes, checksum: bfeeb008d7744bbb4d2730105fbd8609 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Tem como objeto as políticas e medidas contra a lepra levadas a cabo no Brasil pelo Ministério da Educação e Saúde Pública durante a Era Vargas, mais especificamente, o período em que foi chefiado por Gustavo Capanema (1934 a 1945). Analisa a política nacional de combate à lepra elaborada e implementada pelo Ministério nesse período, em cooperação com entidades filantrópicas, instituições profissionais e de pesquisa.