This exploratory study sought to identify factors which motivate individual participation in volunteer services for the Long-Term Ombudsman Program of the Volunteer Center of Riverside County.

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Vi har i denna uppsats undersökt och diskuterat olika teorier kring volontärledarskap och hurledare når framgång med volontärer inom festivalbranschen. Genom detta har vi samlat endjupare förståelse kring hur ledare inom festivalbranschen i fråga om att motivera volontärer.Syftet med studien var att undersöka samt få en djupare förståelse kring ledarskap inomfestivalbranschen, hur de gör i fråga om att motivera volontärerna. Vi ville även få fram vilketslags ledarskap som tillämpas. För att nå vårt syfte, granskade vi dessa problem kvalitativtgenom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Det genomfördes sammanlagt fjorton intervjuer, varavåtta med volontärer och sex med volontärsledare, där alla respondenter som intervjuades varinom kultur- och musikfestivaler.I den teoretiska referensramen använde vi teorier om ledarskap: transaktionell, transformativ,karismatisk och McGregors teorier om X och Y. Vi använde även motivationsteoriernaMcClellands behovsteori samt Maslows behovshierarki. Dessa teorier tillsammans medinsamlingen av empirin utgjorde grunden för tolkning av slutsatsen.Studien resulterade i att vi funnit faktorer som motiverar festivalvolontärer: känna socialainteraktioner, personlig utveckling, att fylla sitt CV eller arbetslivserfarenhet samt att skapaett kontaktnät. En idealisk ledare bör vara engagerad, lyhörd, ha en stor tillit för volontärernaoch ge möjlighet till dem att utforma och framställa sina arbetsuppgifter men samtidigt ha enbestämd karaktär för att undvika en alltför slapp arbetsmiljö. / We have in this thesis investigated and discussed various theories of volunteer leadership andhow leaders succeed with volunteers in the festival industry. Through this, we have gathered adeeper understanding of how leaders in the festival industry are motivating volunteers. Thepurpose of the study was to investigate and gain a deeper understanding of leadership in thefestival industry and how volunteers are being motivated. We also wanted to research the kindof leadership that is applied and how effective it is. To achieve our ambition, we examinedthese problems in a qualitative method through semi-structured interviews. An amount of totalsixteen interviews, eight of the volunteers and six of volunteer leaders, were carried out,where all respondents interviewed were within cultural and music festivals.In the theoretical framework, we used theories of leadership: transactional, transformative,charismatic and McGregor's theories of X and Y. We also used the motivation theories ofMcClelland's theory of needs and Maslow's hierarchy of needs. These theories along with thecollection of empirical data were the basis for the interpretation of the conclusion.The conclusion of the study resulted in the finding of factors that motivate festival volunteers:to feel social interactions, personal development, to fill their resume or work experience andalso to create a network of contacts. An ideal leader should be committed, responsive, havegreat trust to the volunteers and allow them to shape and produce their job assignments but atthe same time have a determined character to avoid an overly casual work environment.

The aim of this study is to explore the involvement of stakeholders in the functions of leadership within the context of voluntary organisations in the UK. What is intriguing about the study is that business and management research has focused mainly on ‘vertical leadership’ that stems from an appointed or formal leader as opposed to ‘shared leadership’ that is distributed across the organisation. This study therefore, seeks to advance scholarly knowledge on the phenomenon of ‘shared leadership’ focusing on voluntary organisations taking a stakeholder perspective. A review of the current literature focusing on shared leadership indicates that the definition of shared leadership has converged around numerous underlying dimensions. However, the key distinction between shared leadership and other leadership paradigms is that the influence process emanates from different directions rather than the tradition top to down approach. This study attempts to explore the level of shared leadership at the organisational level in the context of voluntary organisations by employing a pragmatic approach to research. The research involved three phases; Phase 1 is qualitative, Phase 2 is quantitative and Phase 3 is qualitative. The research methods have included semi-structured interviews (Phase 1) with 10 participants, a survey (Phase 2) that had 126 respondents and in-depth interviews (Phase 3) involving 30 stakeholders. The findings suggest that the level of shared leadership in voluntary organisations is relatively high. However, the involvement of the stakeholders has been more on a ‘consultative’ level rather than on a ‘participative’ one. Moreover, the status or position of the stakeholder in the organisation is a significant factor in determining the level of shared leadership. It was revealed that some stakeholders are merely involved in low level activities. The findings of this research have implications on the Human Resource Management in terms of stakeholder engagement in the leadership process.

Between 1971 and 1999, ParticipACTION, Canada’s Health Promotion agency, reached into Canadian homes, schools, and places of work to “educate, motivate, and mobilize” the public about the perceived need to become physically fit. This dissertation discusses how the agency employed a variety of professional marketing approaches to create compelling prescriptive literature concerning physical fitness to advance a nation-building agenda based in the state directive of individual accountability for the Canadian body. As a result of ParticipACTION's sustained and pervasive influence, Canadians not only remember this prolific brand, but its underlying messaging has become a part of how Canadians view physical fitness and citizenship. ParticipACTION was a project of healthism fostered in an environment of anxiety. The threat of the Cold War, the constructed menace of the Obesity Crisis, and the fear of Quebec Separatism were all used to bolster the message at this semi-public agency over its thirty years of national social marketing. How individual Canadians experienced ParticipACTION varied significantly based on their body type, socio-economic status, gender, language, ethnicity, and region. Through the use of Historical GIS mapping, oral interviews, and archival records, this dissertation offers a history from creation to closure of this national agency and its place in Canada’s social history.

Throughout the existence of the United States there have been multiple ways to seek healthcare insurance, and healthcare services and treatment. As the country developed a system in which healthcare was distributed was created. As such, this system has created societal divisions and has caused certain people to be excluded from gaining access to healthcare insurance and treatment. From these divisions, certain stigmas and stereotypes have been created about the type of person that does not have access to healthcare. With certain historical reforms in the U.S. healthcare system being currently implemented, the healthcare system is to change dramatically. However, certain people are still being excluded from gaining access to healthcare insurance and healthcare services. The following thesis, based on research which was conducted from April to July 2014 in the Brooklyn borough of New York City, explores the manner in which recent developments and changes within the healthcare system of the United States inhibits the city’s residents from obtaining basic health care. By focusing on medical encounters, this thesis focuses on how agencies of power retain control of the body, and those that seek access to healthcare. This thesis also explores the opinion of the uninsured patients by those who volunteer at The Coalition of Concerned Medical Professionals, which is an organization that offers free healthcare services while acting as political advocates.

published_or_final_version / Public Administration / Master / Master of Public Administration

In order to understand the motivations and driving factors that encourage individuals to join the political sphere, as volunteers, the individual’s stories and background will be examined through an exploratory study without any initial hypothesis. Utilizing qualitative research methods, this study will directly look at the lived experiences of political volunteers that drive campaigns and candidates in Colorado’s 5th Congressional District. A greater understanding for both the factors that compel an individual to enter the political sphere in the first place as a volunteer as well as variables that persuade the volunteer to continually stay active will be analyzed. Results: Based off of 10 different interviews with registered voters in Colorado’s 5th Congressional District, this thesis found significant differences in motivations varying from party affiliations, religious values, as well as relationships with the campaign staff.

The need for the study arose with the discovery that many older adults make significant contributions in volunteer work. However some do not feel as though these contributions are worthwhile (Morrow-Howell & Mui, 1989; Chambre, 1987). They may feel that the work they are doing is meaningless (Morrow-Howell & Mui, 1989; Chambre, 1987; Flynn & Webb, 1975). The study was conducted to determine the relationship of individuals who perceived they were making a significant contribution in volunteer work and their level of subjective morale. The number of hours, length of time, number of various jobs, and the use of a volunteer's skills, knowledge, and talents devoted to volunteer service are specifically identified as they relate to subjective morale.A pilot study was conducted on the telephone using 10-12 volunteers from a random sample of retired Ball State employees. These individuals were asked open-ended questions concerning several aspects of volunteering. Once the data was collected a Liekert questionnaire was developed using the common patterns noted in the volunteer's answers. The Liekert questionnaire was distributed to 50 volunteers, recruited from the Muncie, Indiana andthe New Castle, Indiana RSVP (The Retired Senior Volunteer Program) branches. The volunteers completed the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale: A Revision (PGC) and the Volunteer Attitude Questionnaire (VAQ).The results indicated no statistically significant relationship between volunteers who perceived they were making a significant contribution and their level of subjective morale. Likewise, the data indicated no statistically significant relationship between subjective morale and number of hours, length time, number of various jobs, and use of skills, knowledge, and talents devoted to volunteer services. The volunteers in the study reported a wide variety of subjective morale levels regardless of the factors examined in the study. It is apparent that older volunteers who perceived they were significantly contributing do not all develop increased morale. Morale appears to be a very complex factor which is individually determined depending upon the lifestyle of the older adult. / Institute of Gerontology