L’influence du suffixe -ous sur le système phonologique de l’anglais est considérable. Son impact se matérialise tant au niveau de l’assignation des accents lexicaux, qu’au niveau de la matérialisation phonétique des voyelles accentuées. L’étude de ce suffixe offre une perspective globale du fonctionnement du système anglais puisque -ous se situe à la croisée des principes fondamentaux qui régissent le système accentuel anglais.Cette étude s’inscrit dans une perspective morphophonologique, cadre théorique privilégiant une interaction entre les domaines de la morphologie et de la phonologie. La prise en considération des frontières morphologiques dans le calcul de l’accent constitue le fondement même de cette théorie. Cependant, l’influence du suffixe -ous sur la structure accentuelle et phonétique des termes a fait l’objet d’une multitude d’approches dont nous présentons les résultats les plus significatifs dans la partie théorique. En contrepartie, les théories phonologiques sont confrontées les unes aux autres afin de déterminer leurs avantages et leurs inconvénients.L'assignation des accents lexicaux ne constitue toutefois pas le seul versant de ce travail. Le placement de l'accent sur la syllabe a une conséquence directe sur la réalisation phonétique de la voyelle appartenant à cette syllabe. Elle est pleinement réalisée, et l'alternance des syllabes accentuées et non accentuées participe à la notion de rythme en anglais. ..... Cette étude se veut avant tout un état des lieux du comportement du suffixe -ous. Elle vise également à confronter les règles précédemment établies à la réalité d'une étude quantitative, dans le but de faire émerger de nouveaux phénomènes imputables au suffixe / The influence of the suffix -ous on the English phonological system is considerable. Its impact is materialized on word-stress assignment, as well as on the phonetic realisation of stressed vowels. The study of this particular suffix generates a global perspective on the functioning of the English system since -ous is a blend of the fundamental principles which rule the English stress system. This analysis falls within the framework of the morphophonological theory, which favours an interaction between the morphological and phonological levels. The concept of morphological boundary is essential to the operation of word-stress assignment and represents a key-notion inside this theoretical framework. However, the impact of the suffix -ous on word-stress assignment and on the pronunciation of stressed vowels has already been investigated through several theoretical approaches. The most significant results of these previous studies are expounded in the theoretical part. The phonological frameworks are then compared in order to determine their assets and their drawbacks. Word-stress assignment only represents the first side of this work. Indeed, the assignment of primary stress on the syllabic structure of a word has a consequence on the phonetic realisation of stressed vowels. They are "fully" realised, and the succession of stressed and unstressed syllabes creates the notion of rythm in English. Resorting to spelling enables to predict the pronunciation of stressed vowels through the application of a hierarchical system of rules. These rules, elaborated on the particularities of English spelling, operate a transfer from spelling to sounds......

Les mots étant rarement produits hors contexte phrastique, les enfants vont devoir les extraire du flux de parole pour les apprendre. Les probabilités de transition (Saffran et al., 1996) et les unités rythmiques (Nazzi et al., 2006) seraient cruciales à l'émergence de la segmentation. Les formes sonores segmentées seront par la suite mémorisées en représentations phonétiquement détaillées. Cependant, selon Nespor et al. (2003) les consonnes seraient plus impliquées au niveau lexical que les voyelles, proposant un biais consonantique dans la reconnaissance des formes sonores segmentées. Le premier axe de ma thèse s'intéresse aux capacités précoces de segmentation chez les enfants francophones nés à terme et prématurés afin de déterminer quand elles émergent et dans quelle mesure les unités rythmiques sont impliquées. Le second s'intéresse à l'émergence et à l'origine du biais consonantique. Les résultats montrent que (1) les enfants nés à terme et prématurés sont capables de segmenter la parole en utilisant l'unité syllabique dès 6 mois ; (2) d'un biais vocalique à 6 mois, les enfants francophones, acquièrent un biais consonantique à 8 mois dans la reconnaissance de formes sonores segmentées ; (3) le biais consonantique proviendrait donc de l'acquisition des propriétés acoustiques/phonétiques de la langue maternelle. / Since words are rarely produced in isolation, one of the first steps in acquiring new words is to segment them from continuous speech. Transitional probabilities (Saffran et al., 1996) and rhythmic units (Nazzi et al., 2006) have been proposed to be crucial at segmentation onset. Segmented word forms will then have to be stored as phonetically-specified representations for future recognition. However, Nespor et al. (2003) hypothesized that consonants, more than vowels, are involved at the lexical level, proposing a consonant bias in early word processing.The first part of my dissertation investigates preterm and full-term infants' segmentation abilities to determine when they emerge and to what extent rhythmic units are involved. The second part investigates the emergence and origin of the consonant bias in recognizing segmented word forms with full-term infants. Results show that (1) both preterm and full-term 6-month-olds are able to segment speech by using syllabic units; (2) French-learning infants switch from a vowel bias at 6 months to an adult-like consonant bias in recognizing segmented word forms; (3) the consonant bias emerging between 6 and 8 months of age, it would result from the processing and learning of the acoustic/phonetic properties on the language being acquired.

La formation des noms qui dèrivent d'un verbe n'est pas une chose simple. Ce qui rend la complexité de ce type de dérivation apparente, la mise en œuvre de plusieurs stratégies morphologiques. Notre travail sera consacré à l'étude de la structure des noms verbaux du berbère de ksar Tit n'Ali au sein du cadre théorique de la phonologie autosegmentale, et plus particulièrement du modèle CVCV (Lowenstam 1996). / This thesis contributes to the study about nouns related to verbs of the berber language spoken in Ksar Tit n’Ali (a region located on the Valley of High Guir in southern Morocco). This work aims to show, firstly, the nouns derived from verbs considered “common”or “normal” which refer to an action, in this case: action nouns, agent nouns and instrument nouns. Secondly, the verbs derived from stative verbs, especially: quality nouns and nouns we called unofficially stative nouns. As we analysed the collected informations, we found out that the existence of plenty of verbal roots and the implementation of several strategies makes this derivational operation very far from being clear. Our goal is to demonstrate the various mechanisms operated to reconcile between a - concatenative- external morphology and internal morphology -non concatenative- in order to achieve a pattern. We aim to clear the final templatic scheme that is subject to major constraints on the lexicon or the result of a morphological process. In addition, given the importance of the left site in the derivation of nominal units, we devoted a chapter to the question of the initial vowel equipment and its relationship with the passage from free status of an item to its status of annexation. Starting from the findings of predecessors and analyzing the elements of the spoken language, which is the object of our research, we realize fertility of linguistic literature in this case has not resolved our problematic completely.

La formation des noms qui dèrivent d'un verbe n'est pas une chose simple. Ce qui rend la complexité de ce type de dérivation apparente, la mise en œuvre de plusieurs stratégies morphologiques. Notre travail sera consacré à l'étude de la structure des noms verbaux du berbère de ksar Tit n'Ali au sein du cadre théorique de la phonologie autosegmentale, et plus particulièrement du modèle CVCV (Lowenstam 1996). / This thesis contributes to the study about nouns related to verbs of the berber language spoken in Ksar Tit n’Ali (a region located on the Valley of High Guir in southern Morocco). This work aims to show, firstly, the nouns derived from verbs considered “common”or “normal” which refer to an action, in this case: action nouns, agent nouns and instrument nouns. Secondly, the verbs derived from stative verbs, especially: quality nouns and nouns we called unofficially stative nouns. As we analysed the collected informations, we found out that the existence of plenty of verbal roots and the implementation of several strategies makes this derivational operation very far from being clear. Our goal is to demonstrate the various mechanisms operated to reconcile between a - concatenative- external morphology and internal morphology -non concatenative- in order to achieve a pattern. We aim to clear the final templatic scheme that is subject to major constraints on the lexicon or the result of a morphological process. In addition, given the importance of the left site in the derivation of nominal units, we devoted a chapter to the question of the initial vowel equipment and its relationship with the passage from free status of an item to its status of annexation. Starting from the findings of predecessors and analyzing the elements of the spoken language, which is the object of our research, we realize fertility of linguistic literature in this case has not resolved our problematic completely.

La formation des noms qui dèrivent d'un verbe n'est pas une chose simple. Ce qui rend la complexité de ce type de dérivation apparente, la mise en œuvre de plusieurs stratégies morphologiques. Notre travail sera consacré à l'étude de la structure des noms verbaux du berbère de ksar Tit n'Ali au sein du cadre théorique de la phonologie autosegmentale, et plus particulièrement du modèle CVCV (Lowenstam 1996). / This thesis contributes to the study about nouns related to verbs of the berber language spoken in Ksar Tit n’Ali (a region located on the Valley of High Guir in southern Morocco). This work aims to show, firstly, the nouns derived from verbs considered “common”or “normal” which refer to an action, in this case: action nouns, agent nouns and instrument nouns. Secondly, the verbs derived from stative verbs, especially: quality nouns and nouns we called unofficially stative nouns. As we analysed the collected informations, we found out that the existence of plenty of verbal roots and the implementation of several strategies makes this derivational operation very far from being clear. Our goal is to demonstrate the various mechanisms operated to reconcile between a - concatenative- external morphology and internal morphology -non concatenative- in order to achieve a pattern. We aim to clear the final templatic scheme that is subject to major constraints on the lexicon or the result of a morphological process. In addition, given the importance of the left site in the derivation of nominal units, we devoted a chapter to the question of the initial vowel equipment and its relationship with the passage from free status of an item to its status of annexation. Starting from the findings of predecessors and analyzing the elements of the spoken language, which is the object of our research, we realize fertility of linguistic literature in this case has not resolved our problematic completely.

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