A gravidez na adolescÃncia em comunidades de baixa renda surge como um problema multifacetado que envolve uma sÃrie de fatores e indicadores que estimulam o aumento das experiÃncias sexuais das adolescentes, potencializando sua condiÃÃo de vulnerabilidade. Este estudo teve como objetivo compreender os fatores individuais, sociais e familiares à vulnerabilidade para gravidez entre adolescentes de uma comunidade de baixo poder aquisitivo em Fortaleza, CearÃ. Estudo com multimÃtodos, desenvolvido em quatro fases, interrelacionadas. Na primeira fase, (1 semestre de 2009), participaram 15 adolescentes nuligrÃvidas, e foi identificado o significado da gravidez na adolescÃncia a partir de quatro prÃticas expressivas utilizando-se a arte-terapia, cujos depoimentos geraram trÃs temas: 1) adolescÃncia, fase feliz; 2) experiÃncias de mudanÃa e 3) responsabilidade face a gravidez. A segunda fase (1 semestre de 2010), apreendeu a percepÃÃo de mÃes de adolescentes sobre as causas associadas a gravidez nesta fase. Mediante o mÃtodo de anÃlise temÃtica, desvelou 2 categorias: 1. Maus-tratos contra a adolescente e; 2. ViolÃncia contra a mulher. Na fase seguinte, (2 semestre 2010), foram apreendidos os motivos da gravidez na percepÃÃo de adolescentes mÃes (n=17), cujos dados apontaram: descuido com o planejamento familiar, a mudanÃa de status social e o desejo da maternidade. Na Ãltima fase, (1 semestre de 2011), foram identificados fatores individuais, sociais e familiares relacionados com a vulnerabilidade para gravidez em 136 adolescentes. Os resultados apontaram trÃs fatores individuais e cinco familiares associados à gÃnese da gravidez na adolescÃncia, o fato de ser casada (RR= 4,38, IC=95%: 2,38-8,07, p= 0,003), o nÃo uso do preservativo na Ãltima relaÃÃo sexual (RR= 4,81, IC=95%: 1,26-18,31, p= 0,0021), a baixa autoestima (RR= 3,02, IC=95%: 1,60-5,71, p= 0,0014), a presenÃa de problema ou violÃncia no contexto familiar (p= 0,005), oconsumo de Ãlcool pelo pai (p= 0,039), a ausÃncia de diÃlogo com a mÃe (p= 0,004), a reaÃÃo punitiva materna com o desempenho escolar ruim (p= 0,002) e a ridicularizaÃÃo da filha pela mÃe (p= 0,001). Os estudos demonstraram que o significado da gravidez na adolescÃncia foi associado à independÃncia financeira, à evasÃo escolar e à violÃncia domÃstica. AlÃm de desfechos negativos, a gravidez na adolescÃncia foi motivada por um desejo de a jovem adquirir respeito da sociedade e reconhecimento em sua vida, como uma mulher âde verdadeâ, a partir da posiÃÃo assumida de mÃe. Os fatores associados à gravidez na adolescÃncia foram diretamente relacionados à vulnerabilidade individual e social e ao ambiente familiar negligente, ao qual estÃo expostas essas adolescentes, uma vez que se encontram em condiÃÃes desfavorÃveis financeiramente. / Teenage pregnancy in low-income communities emerged as a multifaceted problem that involves a number of factors and indicators that stimulate increased sexual experiences of adolescents, increasing their vulnerability condition. This study aimed to understand the individual, social and familial vulnerability to adolescent pregnancy in a low income community in Fortaleza, CearÃ. Study with multimÃtods developed in four phases, interrelated. In the first phase (1st half of 2009), attended by 15 teenagers nuligrÃvidas, and to identify the significance of teenage pregnancy from four expressive practices using art therapy, whose testimony led to three themes: 1) adolescence stage happy, 2) changing experiences and 3) liability to pregnancy. The second phase (1st half of 2010), seized the perception of mothers about the causes of teenage pregnancy associated with this stage. Through the method of thematic analysis unveiled two categories: 1. Maltreatment among the teen and 2. Violence against women. In the next phase, (2nd half 2010), were seized on the grounds of pregnancy perception of adolescent mothers (n = 17), whose data showed: neglect of family planning, the change of social status and desire for motherhood. In the last phase (1st half of 2011), we identified the individual, social and family-related vulnerability to pregnancy in 136 adolescents. The results showed three individual factors and five family members associated with the genesis of teenage pregnancy, the fact of being married (RR = 4.38, 95% CI: 2.38 to 8.07, p = 0.003), not using condom at last intercourse (RR = 4.81, 95% CI: 1.26 to 18.31, p = 0.0021), low self-esteem (RR = 3.02, 95% CI: 1, 60 to 5.71, p = 0.0014), the presence of trouble or violence within the family (p = 0.005), alcohol consumption by the father (p = 0.039), absence of dialogue with the mother (p = 0.004), maternal punitive reactions with poor school performance (p = 0.002) and ridicule the child by the mother (p = 0.001). Studies have shown that the meaning of teenage pregnancy was associated with financial independence, to truancy and domestic violence. In addition to negative outcomes, teenage pregnancy was motivated by a desire to acquire the young about the society and recognition in your life as a woman "real" from the position adopted mother. Factors associated with teenage pregnancy were directly related to individual vulnerability and social and family environment negligent, which are exposed to these teenagers, since they are financially unfavorable conditions.

In current literature of child public health, a growing number of studies has been dedicated to early childhood development with a focus on child developmental health measured via the teacher completed Early Development Instrument (EDI). Using multilevel modeling as the optimal statistical method to analyze hierarchical EDI data, this study determines the strength of the effect and significance of predictors of children’s 5 EDI outcomes, vulnerability, and the multiple vulnerability by taking into account the hierarchy present in its design. In addition, this study conducts an extensive epidemiological review of the risk factors associated with a child’s developmental health at each level of the hierarchy, at cross-levels of the hierarchy and their variations across different levels of the hierarchy. This cross-sectional study considered 9045 Saskatchewan children who were ages 4-8 years in the 2008-2009 school years. Individual child characteristics, EDI domains, and vulnerability data were collected by the Ministry of Education teachers in the provincial 2008 EDI project; neighborhood contextual Census data were compiled by SPHERU staff at the University of Saskatchewan. Multilevel linear and logistic models were used to analyze the data. According to the results, individual characteristics, such as being Aboriginal, an ESL learner, male, and being absent from school; neighborhood characteristics such as income inequality; and geographical characteristics such as living in a large city have negative effects on EDI scores and exacerbating the odds of vulnerability. Compounding effects of Aboriginal-special skills, large city-Aboriginal, and large city-neighborhood median income were positive on the above outcomes with considerable either significance or strength, while those of neighborhood income inequality-Aboriginal, and large city-neighborhood income inequality were negative with notable significance and strength. Furthermore, neighborhood contextual variables contribute to a considerable proportion of health outcome variations and the results associated with neighborhood income inequality give further evidence of the income inequality hypothesis. The findings of this study recommend provincial child public health policy makers’ extended attention to Aboriginal children, children with ESL status, those children living in neighborhoods with high income inequality and children from Regina.

MENVSC (Geography) / Department of Geography and Geo-Information Sciences / The Limpopo lowveld is at risk of floods from tropical storms from the South West Indian Ocean. The flood risk is particularly high in low altitude areas with poor infrastructure and limited resources. This study assessed flood vulnerability and adaptation at Lenyenye, Ga-Kgapane Masakaneng and Nkowankowa Section B and C within the Mopani District in the Limpopo Province of South Africa. The research objectives were to establish the determinants of flood vulnerability, assess the levels of flood vulnerability and the community‟s coping strategies. A quantitative survey approach was employed using questionnaires which were administered to affected households to identify determinants of flood vulnerability, indicators and coping strategies by communities. A qualitative survey was also undertaken to supplement the information obtained from the quantitative survey. Key informant interviews were conducted with disaster management authorities in the study area to provide information on indicators, flood experience, adaptation and mitigation measures. Field observations were undertaken to observe the physical landscape and flood impacts. Secondary data were acquired through records, maps, Census 2011 and from the South African Weather Service. Collected data were imputed into the flood vulnerability index to measure the level of flood vulnerability. The results of this study will contribute to flood disaster risk reduction in the lowveld. The results indicate that flood vulnerability in the study areas is determined by dwelling quality, poor or lack of drainage, education levels, employment status, rainfall amount and topography. The calculated flood vulnerability levels in the three case study villages indicate that Ga-Kgapane Masakaneng, Lenyenye and Nkowankowa Section B and C have a „vulnerability to floods‟ level. However, the FVI also showed that the economic aspect scored a high vulnerability to floods in Ga-Kgapane. In Nkowankowa Section B and C; physical component obtained a „high vulnerability to floods.‟ Major coping strategies in the three case villages were: making „Le-guba‟ around houses; sand-bags; making a furrow and channel around houses and on roads; temporary relocation and lastly relocating to a safer area. Key recommendations are public awareness; integrating modern mitigations with local knowledge; development of programs to ensure resilience through incorporation of (Integrated Development Planning) IDP and flood management and flood early warning system.

The purpose of this study was to determine evacuation decisions of residents in Pinellas County, a vulnerable area in Florida, during Hurricane Irma in 2017, and whether those decisions will impact their future decisions to evacuate. This study also examines the resident’s perception of storm surge flooding during a hurricane. To understand evacuation decisions and storm surge perceptions a survey was conducted on residents in vulnerable areas of Pinellas County. The survey examined multiple aspects including the role of media, relationships, and sociodemographic status on decision making. Another aspect examined if their decision to evacuate for Hurricane Irma will impact their decision for the future. Residents were also asked to rate how different aspects of the storm influenced their decision, including flooding from storm surge. It was concluded that their decision to evacuate for Hurricane Irma will significantly impact their decision to evacuate for the next hurricane, with many residents claiming they would leave their local area. Storm surge was not perceived as the greatest threat, instead wind speed and size of storm were determined to be the greater threat. Better understanding of evacuation decisions and perceptions about storm surge can be used to update emergency management preparations and planning for the next hurricane.

Docker is a popular tool for virtualization that allows for fast and easy deployment of applications and has been growing increasingly popular among companies. Docker also include a large library of images from the repository Docker Hub which mainly is user created and uncontrolled. This leads to low frequency of updates which results in vulnerabilities in the images. In this thesis we are developing a tool for determining what vulnerabilities that exists inside Docker images with a Linux distribution. This is done by using our own tool for downloading and retrieving the necessary data from the images and then utilizing Outpost24's scanner for finding vulnerabilities in Linux packages. With the help of this tool we also publish statistics of vulnerabilities from the top downloaded images of Docker Hub. The result is a tool that can successfully scan a Docker image for vulnerabilities in certain Linux distributions. From a survey over the top 1000 Docker images it has also been shown that the amount of vulnerabilities have increased in comparison to earlier surveys of Docker images.

<p>Disturbances in the services provided by the infrastructuresystems—e.g. electric power supplies and communications—can have serious implications for everyday life,economic prosperity and national security. The disturbances canbe initiated by natural disasters, adverse weather, technicalfailures, human errors, sabotage, terrorism or acts of war. Theaim of this thesis is to study methods for proactivevulnerability analysis of electric power delivery networks(i.e. to analyze their sensitivity to threats and hazards), andto formalize vulnerability as a theoretical concept.</p><p>The thesis consists of three papers. In the first paper, wediscuss concepts and perspectives for developing a methodologyfor vulnerability studies with the help of the followingthemes: The properties of the infrastructure systems, threatsand hazards, vulnerability and consequence analysis, andmeasures for creating robust and resilient systems.</p><p>In the second paper we discuss how to assess vulnerabilityof power delivery systems with the help of standard powersystem performance indices. In two case studies, Swedish powerdelivery disturbance data is analyzed with statistical methods.We demonstrate that the disturbance size of large disturbancesfollows a power law distribution, and that the time betweendisturbances is exponentially distributed.</p><p>In third paper, we model electrical power networks asgraphs, and conduct empirical studies of two power transmissiongrids. We calculate values of topological characteristics ofthe networks and compare their error and attack tolerance, i.e.their performance when vertices are disabled, with twofrequently used model networks. Further, we perform a graphinfluenced vulnerability analysis of a fictitious powernetwork, and evaluate di.erent strategies to decrease thevulnerability of the system.</p>

No description available.

Arthur’s Pass township, located close to the Main Divide of the central Southern Alps, is highly exposed to natural hazards and has been affected by hazard events since it was founded in 1906. The village is a small alpine township, with a permanent resident population of approximately 54. Its location within the Arthur’s Pass National Park and on the main road between the east and west coasts of the South Island makes it popular with tourists, trampers, climbers and skiers, which can expand the local population to up to 500 people. Its position on the Bealey River floodplain within a highly dynamic tectonic and geomorphic environment makes it vulnerable to earthquakes, landslides, rockfalls, debris flows, heavy rain and snow, river flooding and riverbed erosion. Previous investigations on natural hazards in the area are limited to the Otira Gorge and State Highway 73, with little focus on hazards affecting the village area. Natural hazard events are persistent and frequent in the Arthur’s Pass region and the village is susceptible to being isolated from external resources during and after a disaster, making it necessary for the village to be self-sufficient during a large-scale disaster. The hazards were identified and analysed using aerial photographs and satellite images, historical data, supported by in-field reconnaissance at various times of the year to record seasonal changes. Hazard mapping used the same methods to illustrate the spatial and volumetric hazard changes over a range of time scales; >2% annual probability of occurrence (0-50 years recurrence interval), 2%-0.2% annual probability of occurrence (50-500 years recurrence interval) and <0.2% annual probability of occurrence (500+ years recurrence interval). The hazard maps show that that most hazards are not restricted to a specific temporal or spatial scale, and that they are often interdependent. It is difficult to determine the precise effects that climate change and global warming will have on natural hazards, but they are expected to increase the unpredictability of hazard events and alter weather patterns significantly in the long-term. A visitor questionnaire undertaken in the village indicated that many visitors do not regard the hazards as severe enough to represent a legitimate threat; hence the public perceptions of natural hazards are affecting the vulnerability of the village. Additionally, many people do not feel confident that they would know what to do if a disaster did occur in the village. This level of awareness can be improved by providing more information to visitors and displaying details on emergency procedures. The village does not currently have an emergency plan that specifies particular preparedness and response procedures; it relies heavily on a plan adapted from Mt. Cook/Aoraki village. Current emergency management in the village could be improved by the production of an emergency plan specifically for the region, the use of education schemes and information sessions, and the installation of warning signs. The provision of this detailed hazard investigation and hazard maps is intended to assist emergency managers to identify, prioritise, mitigate the hazards to reduce the vulnerability of the village to natural hazards in the short- and long-terms.

No description available.

Touching a sensibility will attempt to locate the exchange when the living body physically touches the world. Exploration into the emotive response that the lived body creates as it moves through the world, both as a passive receptor and as an active initiator, will be explored where a relationship between the touched and the toucher is formed. This project will use photographic processes in an attempt to facilitate the viewer to engage in the work with their own personal sensibility. The emotional tension created, within an individual when their desire to physically touch something in the world is forbidden, impossible or illicit, will be investigated. This tension manifests itself in the form of apprehension, vulnerability, anticipation, romanticism and the sensibility of possible unpredicted connection. Photographic portrayal will be used to articulate this research and bring into fruition ideas which sit around the haptic.