Um data warehouse geográco (DWG) é um banco de dados multidimensional, orientado a assunto, integrado, histórico, não-volátil e geralmente organizado em níveis de agregação. Além disso, também armazena dados espaciais em uma ou mais dimensões ou em pelo menos uma medida numérica. Visando oferecer suporte à tomada de decisão, é possível realizar em DWGs consultas SOLAP (spatial online analytical processing ), isto é, consultas analíticas multidimensionais (e.g., drill-down, roll-up, drill-across ) com predicados espaciais (e.g., intersecta, contém, está contido) denidos para range queries e junções espaciais. Um desafio no processamento dessas consultas é recuperar, de forma eficiente, dados espaciais e convencionais em DWGs muito volumosos. Na literatura, existem poucos índices voltados à indexação de DWGs, e ainda assim nenhum desses índices dedica-se a indexar consultas SOLAP drill-across e com junção espacial. Esta dissertação visa suprir essa limitação, por meio da proposta de estratégias para o processamento dessas consultas complexas. Para o processamento de consultas SOLAP drill-across foram propostas duas estratégias, Divide e Única, além da especicação de um conjunto de diretrizes que deve ser seguido para o projeto de um esquema de DWG que possibilite a execução dessas consultas e da especicação de classes de consultas. Para o processamento de consultas SOLAP com junção espacial foi proposta a estratégia SJB, além da identicação de quais características o esquema de DWG deve possuir para possibilitar a execução dessas consultas e da especicação do formato dessas consultas. A validação das estratégias propostas foi realizada por meio de testes de desempenho considerando diferentes congurações, sendo que os resultados obtidos foram contrastados com a execução de consultas do tipo junção estrela e o uso de visões materializadas. Os resultados mostraram que as estratégias propostas são muito eficientes. No processamento de consultas SOLAP drill-across, as estratégias Divide e Única mostraram uma redução no tempo de 82,7% a 98,6% com relação à junção estrela e ao uso de visões materializadas. No processamento de consultas SOLAP com junção espacial, a estratégia SJB garantiu uma melhora de desempenho na grande maioria das consultas executadas. Para essas consultas, o ganho de desempenho variou de 0,3% até 99,2% / A geographic data warehouse (GDW) is a special kind of multidimensional database. It is subject-oriented, integrated, historical, non-volatile and usually organized in levels of aggregation. Furthermore, a GDW also stores spatial data in one or more dimensions or at least in one numerical measure. Aiming at decision support, GDWs allow SOLAP (spatial online analytical processing) queries, i.e., multidimensional analytical queries (e.g., drill-down, roll-up, drill-across) extended with spatial predicates (e.g., intersects, contains, is contained) dened for range and spatial join queries. A challenging issue related to the processing of these complex queries is how to recover spatial and conventional data stored in huge GDWs eciently. In the literature, there are few access methods dedicated to index GDWs, and none of these methods focus on drill-across and spatial join SOLAP queries. In this master\'s thesis, we propose novel strategies for processing these complex queries. We introduce two strategies for processing SOLAP drill-across queries (namely, Divide and Unique), dene a set of guidelines for the design of a GDW schema that enables the execution of these queries, and determine a set of classes of these queries to be issued over a GDW schema that follows the proposed guidelines. As for the processing of spatial join SOLAP queries, we propose the SJB strategy, and also identify the characteristics of a DWG schema that enables the execution of these queries as well as dene the format of these queries. We validated the proposed strategies through performance tests that compared them with the star join computation and the use of materialized views. The obtained results showed that our strategies are very ecient. Regarding the SOLAP drill-across queries, the Divide and Unique strategies showed a time reduction that ranged from 82,7% to 98,6% with respect to star join computation and the use of materialized views. Regarding the SOLAP spatial join queries, the SJB strategy guaranteed best results for most of the analyzed queries. For these queries, the performance gain of the SJB strategy ranged from 0,3% to 99,2% over the star join computation and the use of materialized view

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published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Architecture

Submitted by Daniele Amaral (daniee_ni@hotmail.com) on 2016-10-07T20:05:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissCJN.pdf: 5948964 bytes, checksum: e7e719e26b50a85697e7934bde411070 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-20T19:30:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissCJN.pdf: 5948964 bytes, checksum: e7e719e26b50a85697e7934bde411070 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-20T19:31:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissCJN.pdf: 5948964 bytes, checksum: e7e719e26b50a85697e7934bde411070 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-20T19:31:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissCJN.pdf: 5948964 bytes, checksum: e7e719e26b50a85697e7934bde411070 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-08 / Não recebi financiamento / By providing ever-growing processing capabilities, many database technologies have been becoming important support tools to enterprises and institutions. The need to include (and control) new data types to the existing database technologies has brought also new challenges and research areas, arising the spatial, temporal, and spatiotemporal databases. Besides that, new analytical capabilities were required facilitating the birth of the data warehouse technology and, once more, the need to include spatial or temporal data (or both) to it, thus originating the spatial, temporal, and spatio-temporal data warehouses. The queries used in each database type had also evolved, culminating in the STOLAP (Spatio Temporal OLAP) queries, which are composed of predicates dealing with conventional, spatial, and temporal data with the possibility of having their execution aided by specialized index structures. This work’s intention is to investigate how the execution of each predicate affects the performance of STOLAP queries by varying the used indexes, their execution order and the query’s selectivity. Bitmap Join Indexes will help in conventional predicate’s execution and in some portions of the temporal processing, which will also count with the use of SQL queries for some of the alternatives used in this research. The SB-index and HSB-index will aid the spatial processing while the STB-index will be used to process temporal and spatial predicates together. The expected result is an analysis of the best predicate order while running the queries also considering their selectivity. Another contribution of this work is the evolution of the HSB-index to a hierarchized version called HSTB-index, which should complement the execution options. / Por proverem uma capacidade de processamento de dados cada vez maior, várias tecnologias de bancos de dados têm se tornado importantes ferramentas de apoio a empresas e instituições. A necessidade de se incluir e controlar novos tipos de dados aos bancos de dados já existentes fizeram também surgir novos desafios e novas linhas de pesquisa, como é o caso dos bancos de dados espaciais, temporais e espaçotemporais. Além disso, novas capacidades analíticas foram se fazendo necessárias culminando com o surgimento dos data warehouses e, mais uma vez, com a necessidade de se incluir dados espaciais e temporais (ou ambos) surgindo os data warehouses espaciais, temporais e espaço-temporais. As consultas relacionadas a cada tipo de banco de dados também evoluíram culminando com as consultas STOLAP (Spatio-Temporal OLAP) que são compostas basicamente por predicados envolvendo dados convencionais, espaciais e temporais e cujo processamento pode ser auxiliado por estruturas de indexação especializadas. Este trabalho pretende investigar como a execução de cada um dos tipos de predicados afeta o desempenho de consultas STOLAP variando-se os índices utilizados, a ordem de execução dos predicados e a seletividade das consultas. Índices Bitmap de Junção auxiliarão na execução dos predicados convencionais e de algumas partes dos predicados temporais que também contarão com o auxílio de consultas SQL, enquanto os índices SB-index e HSB-index serão utilizados para auxiliar na execução dos predicados espaciais das consultas. O STB-index também será utilizado nas comparações e envolve ambos os predicados espacial e temporal. Espera-se obter uma análise das melhores opções de combinação de execução dos predicados em consultas STOLAP tendo em vista também a seletividade das consultas. Outra contribuição deste trabalho é a evolução do HSB-index para uma versão hierarquizada chamada HSTB-index e que servirá para complementar as opções de processamento de consultas STOLAP.

The research problem addressed in this study was to analyse and report on the potential use of Spoornet’s excess warehousing to support the Industrial Development Zones (IDZs) in the Eastern Cape. In order to achieve this objective, a literature study was undertaken to ascertain the world-class practices for warehousing. A study was conducted on Spoornet strategy in order to determine whether the company can apply its existing strategy for warehouse operations. The empirical results obtained, indicated that there would be a need for warehousing to support the IDZs in the Eastern Cape. There would be opportunities for storage of raw materials, distribution of parts for production, and finished goods to be delivered to consumers. Spoornet has gained ground on its competitor with respect to logistics and has progressed with its “Freight Logistics Solution” initiative. In conclusion it was recommended that Spoornet uses its existing strategy and convert their goods sheds into world-class warehousing. The warehouse space can be used as a trade-off to gain rail clients.

Processing data streams with Quality-of-Service (QoS) guarantees is an emerging area in existing streaming applications. Although it is possible to negotiate the result quality and to reserve the required processing resources in advance, it remains a challenge to adapt the DSMS to data stream characteristics which are not known in advance or are difficult to obtain. Within this paper we present the second generation of our QStream DSMS which addresses the above challenge by using a real-time capable operating system environment for resource reservation and by applying an adaptation mechanism if the data stream characteristics change spontaneously.

Many high-volume warehouses for small parts such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and office supplies seek to improve efficiency by creating forward pick areas in which many popular products are stored in a small area that is replenished from reserve storage. This thesis addresses the question of how to stock forward pick areas to maximum benefit by answering two key, inter-related decisions that have been called Assignment-Allocation. The assignment question asks which SKUs should be stored in the forward pick area? And the allocation question asks how much space should be allocated to each SKU? We show fast, simple, near-optimal algorithms to answer these questions in a variety of circumstances. To allocate space to SKUS, we introduce a Powers of Two allocation scheme designed to simplify shelf management. In addition, we present a ranking-based algorithm to assign SKUs and allocate space among multiple forward pick areas. We show that a similar algorithm that accounts for constraints on congestion and workload within the forward pick area. We also show how to determine the optimal assignment for warehouses with one or more forward pick areas that allocate space in ways that are common in practice. Warehouses frequently use the 80-20 rule to manage SKUs based on their popularity. We examine empirical data from thirty warehouses and analyze whether the power law distribution is a suitable fit. We test the hypothesis that the power law fits of warehouses in similar industries are themselves similar. We review explanations for why power laws arise in other settings and identify those that are plausible in the warehouse setting.

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / The storage and distribution of goods in warehouses have been around for centuries. Information systems and technology have enabled business to run various different functions, like accounting, successfully. Companies soon realised the additional benefits technology can bring to their operations. Increase in product throughput and increase in product range are some of the examples that add additional complexity to the warehousing and distribution functions. In order to cater for the additional complexity, to gain improved customer service levels and gain a strategic advantage in delivering the right product, in the right place at the right time, companies are implementing warehouse management systems (WMS). However, the WMS implementations are complex and involve various different stakeholders. Failed WMS implementations can negatively affect the operations. There are many risks associated with the WMS implementations and many companies have had to issue profit warnings in the past due to failed implementations. Various viewpoints on project success exist but this research report has aimed to provide a framework of key success criteria which organisations can use to evaluate the success of their implementation. Since WMS are generally rolled-out across various sites within a specific supply chain, measuring and evaluating the success of the first project can guide the project team to achieve more project success in the future, eliminating the risks associated with failed implementations. This study clearly defines the difference between project success, project management success, critical success factors and key success criteria. Literature on the topic is limited and therefore this study looked at various sources like peer-reviewed literature, popular literature and case studies. The findings of the report indicate that there is a list of ten different key success criteria which organisations can focus on in order to measure and improve their project success. Taking ownership, change management, managing stakeholder expectations, communication, training and testing are some of the key success criteria that were identified. This study concludes by presenting a framework which organisations can use to measure the success of their WMS implementation.

Approved for public release; distribution in unlimited. / In a warehouse, a fast-pick-area is a region containing many items that can be retrieved quickly and inexpensively to fulfill customer orders. The Defense Distribution Center San Joaquin (DDJC) implements a similar strategy on a wider scale by designating one of many warehouses as a "fast-pick-area." We develop a plan to optimally slot the fast-pick area at DDJC using a computer model that captures the tradeo.s of storage space versus cost of replenishment from bulk storage. Our results suggest that defense distribution centers should consider implementing a fast pick area as a means of reducing operating costs. / Lieutenant Commander, United States Navy

Atualmente no mercado brasileiro de condomínios de galpões logísticos são ofertados empreendimentos em variados estratos de qualidade. Isto decorre do grande espectro de necessidades e demandas de uma ampla variedade de usuários interessados em ocupar Condomínios Logísticos (CL). De modo geral, os usuários desta tipologia de empreendimento procuram, além da eficiência de armazenagem, outros serviços e atributos tais como: localização privilegiada, moderna infraestrutura de sistemas prediais, forte segurança patrimonial, incentivos fiscais na região, flexibilidade no projeto para ajustar as instalações existentes a requisitos operacionais específicos, entre outros. A partir do conjunto de atributos de qualidade oferecidos aos usuários é possível enquadrar empreendimentos deste segmento em classes específicas que permitam o mercado fazer uma leitura sem viés do padrão de qualidade dos empreendimentos em oferta, a exemplo do que já é utilizado em outros segmentos de empreendimentos de Base Imobiliária no Brasil. Contudo, um sistema de classificação de CL rigoroso e isento de viés é inexistente hoje no Brasil. O mercado dispõe exclusivamente de critérios formulados pelas empresas responsáveis pela comercialização dos espaços nos empreendimentos, o que compromete a isenção da avaliação da qualidade para o usuário. Esta notória ausência de um sistema de classificação reclama a construção de critérios mais bem fundamentados e com análise do estado dos atributos, sob o ponto de vista do usuário de CLs. Portanto o objetivo desta pesquisa é desenvolver um sistema de certificação da qualidade de CL no Brasil, no qual sejam identificados e analisados os diferentes atributos que possam enquadrar um empreendimento dentro de uma classe específica, para dar suporte a uma leitura de qualidade dos empreendimentos pelo mercado. Para atingir o objetivo mencionado, foi necessário identificar os principais aspectos comuns às classificações existentes no mercado de CL através de levantamento bibliográfico e de práticas de mercado, para, em seguida, eleger uma metodologia de análise que permita avaliar os atributos que fundamentam na visão dos usuários o que configura a qualidade dos CLs. O método empregado foi o Delphi, que envolve a aplicação sucessivas de questionários a especialistas no tema, com o intuito de reconhecer a opinião prevalente acerca da qualidade de CL segundo o ponto de vista de seus usuários típicos. Deste modo, os resultados alcançados são, i) construção de uma Matriz de atributos que identifica a importância relativa dos sistemas e atributos requeridos pelos usuários de CLs, ii) construção de um sistema de classificação da qualidade de CLs para ser oferecido ao mercado. / Currently in the Brazilian Warehouses Business Park (WBP) are offered projects in varying quality strata. This follows from the broad spectrum of needs and demands of a wide variety of users interested in occupying charges (WBP). In general, users of this project typology looking beyond the storage efficiency, other services and attributes such as: prime location, modern infrastructure building systems, strong balance security, tax incentives in the region, design flexibility to adjust the facilities existing specific operational requirements, among others. From the set of quality attributes offered to users can frame projects this segment in specific classes that allow the market to do a reading without standard bias quality of the projects on offer, similar to what is already used in other segments of enterprises Base of Real Estate in Brazil. However, a strict classification system of WBP whit free bias is nonexistent today in Brazil. The market has only criteria formulated by the companies responsible for marketing the spaces in the projects, which compromises the quality assessment of the exemption for the user. This notorious absence of a classification system calls for the construction of wellfounded criteria and analysis of the state of the attributes from the point of view of WBP user. Therefore the aim of this research is to develop a quality certification system to Warehouses Business Park in Brazil, which are identified and analyzed the different attributes that can frame a project within a specific class, to support a quality reading of developments in the market . To achieve the goal mentioned, it was necessary to identify key commonalities of existing ratings in the WBP market through literature and market practices, to then elect a methodology for assessing the attributes that support the vision of users which sets the quality of WBP. The method used was Delphi, which involves the successive application of questionnaires to experts on the subject, in order to recognize the prevailing opinion about the quality of WBP from the point of view of their typical users. Thus, the results obtained are i) construction of an array of attributes that identify the relative importance of the attributes required for systems and users shed, ii) construct a quality classification system of WBP to be offered to the market.