This study was limited to vocational agricultural teachers in Utah and ten agricultural teachers randomly selected from each of the following states: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho , Montana, Nevada, New Mexico and Wyoming. Questionnaires were completed and returned by a total of 54 Utah vocational agricultural teachers and 50 teachers from the other states. The questionnaires were designed to collect data concerning class size, requirements of the physical facilities and the budget allowed for teaching agricultural mechanics. The study revealed a larger number of non-vocational agriculture students are enrolled in the agricultural programs in Utah than in the other states. The data indicated there are more total students enrolled in Utah vocational agricultural programs than in the other states per teacher. The facilities available in Utah were generally smaller and less equipped for teaching basic agricultural mechanics as compared to other states. Many of the teachers in both groups perceived their facilities inadequate and all recommended improvements. The study also indicated that Utah teachers were receiving a lower budget based on student hours than we re the teachers from other states. Many teachers surveyed did not know the amount of their capita l or operating budgets for their vocational agricultural programs.

Orientador: Fábio Rogério / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T07:22:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Assis_CarlosViniciusAlmeidade_M.pdf: 1210366 bytes, checksum: f2d46d6b8c16b1647290224d152e20d8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: A busca por estratégias para o tratamento de doenças neurodegenerativas e neurotraumas tem sido realizada mediante o emprego de moléculas que possam atuar impedindo a morte de células nervosas e/ou estimulando a regeneração axonal e dendrítica. Dentre elas se encontram os fatores neurotróficos e, em especial, o fator neurotrófico ciliar (CNTF), membro da família das neurocinas que promove a sobrevivência de uma variedade de populações de neurônios, além de desempenhar papel importante na resposta do tecido nervoso à lesão. Seu mecanismo de ação se dá através da via Janus Quinase/Proteína Transdutora de Sinal e Ativadora de Transcrição (JAK/STAT), conhecidamente envolvida na expressão de diversos genes implicados na neuroproteção através da fosforilação da STAT3. Outra via de sinalização intracelular também relacionada com mecanismos de neuroproteção e regeneração axonal é aquela dependente da concentração citoplasmática do monofosfato de adenosina cíclico (cAMP), cuja concentração intracelular também pode ser modificada farmacologicamente através da interferência nos seus processos de síntese e degradação. O cAMP está envolvido em diversos eventos fisiológicos envolvendo o sistema nervoso e sua proteção. Seu principal alvo é a Proteína Quinase A, a qual exerce funções, dentre elas, a de estimular vias de sinalização intracelulares comprometidas com a sobrevivência neuronal e regeneração axonal. A estratégia aplicada no presente estudo consistiu na inibição da degradação de cAMP através de um inibidor de fosfodiesterase tipo IV, Rolipram. Diversas evidências sugerem que existam importantes interações entre a atividade do cAMP e a ação de neurocinas que potencializam os efeitos protetores destas últimas. Tendo isso em vista, investigamos os efeitos da associação do Rolipram e CNTF na proteção de neurônios da medula espinal de ratos neonatos após secção do nervo isquiático. Foi estudado um lote de ratos para investigação a curto prazo (tratamento e sacrifício no mesmo dia) para a investigação das vias de sinalização envolvidas e outro a longo prazo (tratamento por cinco dias) para a investigação morfológica com os grupos CNTF (0,3ug/g), Rolipram (2,0ug/g), CNTF + Rolipram (C+R) (0,3ug/g e 2,0ug/g, respectivamente), PBS e DMSO. Os dois últimos foram agrupados em um grupo denominado CONTROLE para análise proteica. As conseqüências no crescimento dos animais (evolução ponderal) foram mais proeminentes, visto que o grupo C+R cresceu menos que os outros grupos, denotando um efeito deletério já a partir do segundo dia de intervenção (P3) no desenvolvimento dos animais. Os tratamentos rápidos desencadearam um padrão diversificado de resultados. O tratamento com CNTF aumentou a fosforilação de STAT3 (pSTAT3) e a STAT3 total. A proteína pró-apoptótica BAD fosforilada aumentou com C+R, porém sua forma total não sofreu alterações. Já o fator de transcrição proteína ligadora ao elemento responsivo ao cAMP (CREB) e sua forma fosforilada, pCREB, não apresentaram alterações após os diferentes tratamentos. Após o tratamento prolongado não houve diferença entre os grupos no índice de Sobrevivência Neuronal. Não observamos efeito aditivo com tratamento simultâneo de CNTF e Rolipram nas vias relacionadas com a sobrevivência neuronal no presente modelo de lesão nervosa periférica / Abstract: The search for strategies for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and neurotraumas has been performed through the use of molecules that may act as neuroprotective agents and avoid the death of neural cells and/or stimulate axonal and dendritic regeneration. Among these strategies, the neurotrophic factors, specially the ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), member of the neurocytokines, have gained interest due to the fact of being capable of promoting the survival of a variety of neurons besides playing an important role in response to nervous injury. The mechanism of action is through Janus Kinase/ Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK/STAT), known to be involved in the expression of a variety of genes implicated in neuroprotection by phosphorylation of STAT3. Another intracellular signaling via also related with neuroprotection and axonal regeneration mechanisms is the one dependent on the cytoplasmic concentration of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), whose intracellular concentration may also be modified pharmacologically through the interference in the processes of its synthesis and degradation. cAMP has been reported to be involved in several physiological events involving the nervous system and its protection. Its main target is Protein Kinase A (PKA), which exerts functions such as neuronal survival and axonal regeneration. The strategy applied on this work consisted on the inhibition of the breakdown of cAMP through an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type IV, Rolipram. It has been described important relationship between the activity of cAMP and action of neurocytokines that potentiate the neuroprotective effects of the latter. In the present work we investigated the effects of the association of Rolipram and CNTF on the protection of spinal motoneurons of neonatal rats after transection of sciatic nerve. A set of rats was used to investigate short period treatment (treatment and sacrifice in the same day) in order to analyse intracelullar signaling vias involved and other set to investigate a prolonged treatment (treatment for five days) to make a morphological analysis of the groups CNTF (0,3ug/g), Rolipram (2,0ug/g), CNTF + Rolipram (C+R) (0,3ug/g e 2,0ug/g, respectively), PBS and DMSO. For proteic analysis, the two latter were grouped in one group called CONTROL. C+R group showed failure to thrive, meaning that a deleterious effect occurred as of the second day of intervention (P3). Short period treatments showed different results. Treatment with induced both phosphorylation and total amount of STAT3. The pro-apoptotic protein BAD raised its levels in response to C+R, but the total levels were not affected. On the other hand, cAMP Responsive Element Binding Protein (CREB) and its phosphorilated form, pCREB, showed no alteration after the treatments. In the prolonged investigation there was no difference between the treatments in the Neuronal Survival Index. There was no additive effect after simultaneous treatment with CNTF and Rolipram in neuronal survival in the present model of peripheral nervous injury / Mestrado / Fisiologia / Mestre em Biologia Funcional e Molecular

Denna uppsats vetenskapliga grund hämtas främst från ekofeminism med tanken om jämställdhetsarbetets samband med miljövård, samt närvarons politik med teorier kring representationens betydelse för den politik som förs. Ekofeministisk teori menar att det finns betydelsefulla samband mellan förtrycket av kvinnor, icke-vita människor, och fattiga på ena sidan och den icke-mänskliga naturen på andra sidan. Detta innebär att kvinnor på ett bättre sätt förstår det förtryck som finns mot icke-mänsklig natur än män. Teorin om närvarons politik menar att det styrande idéfokuserade politiska systemet går miste om viktiga perspektiv och kunskaper som en mer representativ politik kan ge. Närvarons politik utgår från att politiskt underrepresenterade sociala grupper kan bidra med perspektiv och kunskaper som annars förblir ohörda. Utifrån grunden i dessa två vetenskapliga teorier syftar denna uppsats till att undersöka det potentiella sambandet mellan kvinnorepresentationen i EUländernas parlament och EU-ländernas miljöprestanda i Yale University Environmental Performance Index. Detta samband testas med sambandsmåttet Pearsons r samt en multipel regression där fler förklaringsvariabler kontrolleras. Resultatet visar att ett positivt samband existerar och kvarstår även vid kontroll av andra förklaringsvariabler med multipel regression. Dock kan endast 45,8% av den multipla regressionsmodellens variation förklaras av de oberoende variablerna. Det finns alltså relativt stort utrymme för felmarginal, samt att andra faktorer påverkar den beroende variabeln EPI. Resultat ger en statisk bild av verkligheten och kan endast ge svar om sambandet mellan de utvalda variablerna med de avgränsningar som satts och kan inte ge några allmänna sanningar om kvinnorepresentationens betydelse för miljöarbetet i allmänhet. Denna uppsats har belyst sambandet mellan kvinnorepresentationen i EU-ländernas parlament samt deras miljöprestanda utifrån Yale Univeristy Environmental Performance Index. Studien bidrar med intressanta indikationer om kvinnorepresentationens betydelse för det nationella miljöprestanda arbetet samt ger inspiration och stöd för ny kvalitativ forskning inom ämnet.

The concept of development has been extensively researched, and it isa key topic in political and economic international and domestic agendas.Modernization and globalization theories have been the most prevalentanalytical approaches to development, but from a postcolonial and decolonialperspective, these theories are Western-centric, overgeneralized, andoverused. As a result, Political Studies have struggled to comprehend andlegitimate the local knowledge from the Global South and face moderncolonialism, as uncritical transfers of science, technology, and knowledgefrom the Global North take place. For this, the goal of this thesis was to raiseawareness of the OECD's development discourse through a transformationaland critical lens. Decolonial thinking, which asserts an epistemology from thesouth, specifically from Latin America, was employed for this work as atheoretical-epistemological, ethical-political, and methodological framework.This investigation is a pilot and desk study with abductive reasoning thatexamines discourses characteristic of the OECD, supported by a qualitativeresearch approach. In response to coloniality and modernity -building theoriesof development-, a content and critical discourse analysis through categorieswas conducted. Along with the instrumentalization of concepts and discursivetactics, the findings demonstrate and explore a productive, economical, andbusiness-like logic in the OECD discourses. In conclusion, colonial narrativesare found in the modernization and globalization approaches that take the formof utilitarian, neoliberal, universal, and emotive narratives in the twodevelopment reports by the OECD where the epistemic postulates are builtupon the idea of growth and a natural need to evolve.