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A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters in Arts, Johannesburg, 2017 / This research report seeks to explore the experiences of women in white-collar work, particularly by comparing the experiences of black and white female administrators at of the University of the Witwatersrand. What this report illustrates is that both race and generational differences play a significant role in informing the experiences of the female administrators. A qualitative methodology was used to collect data for this report, particularly in-depth interviews to get “detailed information” about the participants’ experiences, beliefs and thoughts. Three main generational groups have been identified among the Wits administrators: Baby Boomers, which is the older generation that is dominated by white female administrators; Generation X; and the Millennial group, which is dominated by black female administrators and consist of the younger generations. This research report thus argues that race has affected the workplace experiences of Wits administrators through generational differences. Furthermore, while generations share similar experiences and world views, they are not homogeneous categories / XL2018

Arbetsengagemang har beskrivits som ett positivt arbetsrelaterat tillstånd. Med förståelse för medarbetarnas arbetsmotivation kan arbetsengagemanget öka och riskerna med negativ stress undvikas. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka vilka motivationstyper som till störst del förklarade dimensionerna i arbetsengagemang hos tjänstemän. Genom en kvantitativ studie har tre regressionsanalyser genomförts. Som mätinstrument utformades en digital enkät baserad på Work Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation Scale (WEIMS) och Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9). Enkäten skickades via mail till 199 tjänstemän vid en avdelning hos ett företag i industrisektorn. Datainsamlingen genererade 124 enkätsvar som analyserades. Resultaten visade att inre motivation och omotivation var de starkaste prediktorerna för samtliga dimensioner i arbetsengagemang. Integrerad- och identifierad reglering hade signifikant betydelse för dimensionen uppslukande medan integrerad reglering också var signifikant för hängivenhet. Anställda som tilldelas eget ansvar och självbestämmande har högre känsla av inre motivation och känner högre arbetsengagemang än individer som inte får fatta egna beslut. / Work engagement has been described as a positive work related state of mind. With understanding for work motivation work engagement may increase among coworkers and risks of negative stress can be avoided. The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine which motivation types that most explain the dimensions in work engagement. A digital questionnaire was designed based on Work Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation Scale (WEIMS) and Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9). The questionnaire was sent by e-mail to 199 white collar workers at a company in the industrial sector. The collected data included 124 answers and was analysed by three regression analysis. Our findings showed that intrinsic motivation and amotivation was the strongest predictors for all dimensions in work engagement. Integrated- and identified regulation showed significant importance for the dimension absorption while integrated regulation also showed significant importance for the dimension dedication. Employees who are self-determined and given own responsibility have both higher feeling of intrinsic motivation and work engagement than individuals who does not get the opportunity to make own decisions.

published_or_final_version / Sociology / Master / Master of Philosophy

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The thesis portrays the British white-collar worker in relation to four domains of analysis: the workplace, the trade union, the class system, and political life. Its empirical findings derive from in-depth interviews with 134 "staff employees of Midland Products", a large manufacturing corporation in Nottingham. At Midland, the broad evocation "the rise of white-collar work" obscures the cleavage in non-manual job types between light clerical positions and better-paid, highly-ranked, and supervisory positions. It also obscures a cleavage among the staff employees between women, who are more satisfied at work and less interested in promotion, and men, who are relatively dissatisfied and more ambitious. Moreover, men dominate the better, and women the most junior and poorest-paid jobs at the company. Nevertheless, women are much less likely than men voluntarily to affiliate with trade unions. Women are also more hostile to the power unions hold in British society. Midland's modal trade unionist is male, order, suggestively more senior in the hierarchy, but unlikely to subscribe to unionism's high principles. The staff employees are sharply divided by class identity; just 52% self-classifying as middle class. "Many believe themselves, and on the conventional measure are, upwardly mobile. But a middle or working class identity is a poor guide to staff employee views on workplace and social issues. Nor does it reflect the profound occupational inequalities they experience at the company. Most staff employees identify with and vote for the Conservative party. The Tory coalition includes virtually all those raised in Conservative homes, together with many raised by Liberals and Labourites. Inter-party migration is especially common among the sons and daughters of manually-employed Labourites who are subjectively mobile. Yet 30% of Midland's staff employees are Labourites, which is an important barrier to the normative coherence of the stratum. Owing primarily to the growth of non-manual Labourites, the outlook is for even more fragmentation in Britain's new middle class. Coupled with analogous changes in the industrial working class, the power of "the class dynamic" may be much attenuated in the 1980s. / Arts, Faculty of / Political Science, Department of / Graduate

Syftet med studien var att undersöka om den upplevda arbetstrivseln skiljer sig åt mellantjänstemän och kollektivanställda i ett industriföretag. Vidare syftade studien på att undersökaom demografiska faktorer påverkar arbetstrivseln samt om dessa har en inverkan påsambandet. Undersökningen utfördes genom en digital enkät där ett missivbrev och QR-kodtill enkäten skickades ut via mail till företaget. Det var totalt 110 respondenter som deltog istudien. Enkäten baserades på “Js Arbetstrivsel” av Hellgren et al. (1999) med ett Cronbach’salfa på 0.79. Resultatet visade att tjänstemän upplever en högre grad av arbetstrivsel änkollektivanställda. Kvinnor upplever en högre grad av arbetstrivsel än män vilket intestämmer överens med tidigare forskning som påvisat motsatsen. Vidare visade resultatet attdet inte fanns några signifikanta interaktionseffekter mellan arbetstrivsel, anställningsformoch demografiska faktorer med undantag för kön. Föreliggande studies resultat om upplevdarbetstrivsel mellan tjänstemän och kollektivanställda stämmer överens med tidigareforskning. / Title: The difference in job satisfaction between white-collar and blue-collar workers in anindustrial company. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether the perceived job satisfaction differsbetween white and blue-collar workers in an industrial company. Furthermore, the purposewas also to investigate whether demographic factors affect job satisfaction and whether thesehave an impact on the relationship. The survey was conducted through a digital questionnairewith a missive letter and QR code to the questionnaire that was e-mailed to the company. Atotal of 110 respondents participated in the study. The survey was based on “Js JobSatisfaction” by Hellgren et al. (1999) with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.79. The result showedthat white-collar workers experience a higher degree of job satisfaction than blue-collarworkers. Women experience a higher degree of job satisfaction than men which is notconsistent with previous research that has shown the opposite. In addition, the results showedthat there were no significant interaction effects between job satisfaction, employment formand demographic factors with exception of gender. The results of the present study onperceived job satisfaction between white- and blue-collar workers are consistent with previousstudies.

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