The last decade has attracted lot of research work in service-oriented computing (soc), giving raise to standardized architectures, protocols, and technologies that enable developers to easily expose and reuse services. however, these technologies do not fully consider the users as potential actors in the creation of services based on existing ones, as advocated in web 2.0 paradigm. in this thesis, after a deep investigation of soc and its intrinsic soa paradigm, we propose a new approach based on widgets. we propose the widget-oriented architecture (woa); a new paradigm to enable a user-centric service reuse. in addition, we introduce new innovative mechanisms based on the woa paradigm to overcome current limitations of soa in service composition and business process management fields. this new paradigm, along with the innovative architecture and mechanisms introduced, has been validated through implementation and testing.

SOC, pour Service-Oriented Computing, est un paradigme d’ingénierie qui a attiré beaucoup de travaux de recherche ces dernières années. Ces travaux ont donné lieu à des architectures, protocoles, et standards, afin de permettre à des développeurs d’exposer des services et d’en réutiliser d’autre publiés par des tiers. Cependant, ces technologies sont actuellement limitées aux besoins des développeurs uniquement. L’utilisateur final n’est malheureusement pas considéré comme un acteur potentiel dans le processus de réutilisation de services. Ainsi, contrairement aux principes Web 2.0 qui mettent l’utilisateur final au cœur du processus de génération de contenus et de services, les technologies actuelles de SOC se focalisent plus sur les développeurs. Dans cette thèse, après une étude approfondie de SOC et son paradigme intrinsèque (SOA pour Service-Oriented Architecture), nous proposons un nouveau paradigme basé sur le concept de Widget : WOA (pour Widget-Oriented Architecture). Ce nouveau paradigme vise à permettre la réutilisation de service centrée sur les besoins de chaque utilisateur (user-centric). Basé sur ce nouveau paradigme, nous introduisons de nouveaux mécanismes qui répondent aux limitations des architectures SOA dans les domaines de la composition de services et de la gestion de processus métiers (BPM pour Business Process Management). Ce travail est validé à travers une implémentation et plusieurs démonstrations/expérimentations. / The last decade has attracted lot of research work in service-oriented computing (soc), giving raise to standardized architectures, protocols, and technologies that enable developers to easily expose and reuse services. however, these technologies do not fully consider the users as potential actors in the creation of services based on existing ones, as advocated in web 2.0 paradigm. in this thesis, after a deep investigation of soc and its intrinsic soa paradigm, we propose a new approach based on widgets. we propose the widget-oriented architecture (woa); a new paradigm to enable a user-centric service reuse. in addition, we introduce new innovative mechanisms based on the woa paradigm to overcome current limitations of soa in service composition and business process management fields. this new paradigm, along with the innovative architecture and mechanisms introduced, has been validated through implementation and testing.

No description available.

No description available.

I denna rapport så redogör vi för vårt arbete med att ta fram en prototyp till bokföretaget Publit. Vi fick i uppgift av Publit att undersöka möjligheterna för dem att med hjälp av sina egna API:er och API:erna från två andra företag i samma bransch, Valobox och Jellybooks, ta fram en ny produkt eller tjänst. Vi redogör för de olika faserna som vi har gått igenom och de beslut vi tagit angående grafisk design, interaktion och kodning. Resultatet av projektet blev en fungerande prototyp som visar hur Publit med hjälp av Valobox kan skapa en ny funktion till sin widgetshop som gör så att användarna kan provläsa böcker innan de köper dem. / In this report we describe our work with producing a prototype for Publit, which is a book-company. Our assignment from Publit was to explore the possibilities when working with their API and the APIs from two other companies in the same line of business, Valobox and Jellybooks, and by doing this develop a new product or service. We present the phases which we encountered and which decisions we have made regarding graphical design, interaction and coding. The final result of the project is a working prototype which shows how Publit, with the help of Valobox, can create a new function for their widget shop. The function allows the users to sample read a book before they decide whether they want to buy it or not.

Vi har i detta arbete skapat ett API för widgets på Android och iOS för Visiarcs utvecklingsverktyg CoffeeMaker. CoffeeMaker använder sig av multiplattform-API:t Cocos2dx och försöker, i så stor utsträckning det är möjligt, förhålla sig till det reaktiva programmeringsparadigmet. Vi använde oss av olika designmönster för att jämna ut skillnaderna mellan Android och iOS interface och implementerade funktionalitet för knappar, checkboxes, radioknappar och textfält på dessa två plattformar. Dessa widgets tematiseras enligt ett JSON-liknande format och använder sig av en texturatlas för att spara resurser. Vi behövde en texturpackare som lämpade sig att köras under en applikations initiering och ibland även under själva körningen. Vi fann en snabb heuristik, O(n2), med god täthet, ca 94% enligt vår testmetod. / We have in this work created an widgets API on Android and iOS for Visiarcs development platform CoffeeMaker. CoffeeMaker uses the multiplattform-API Cocos2dx and tries to use the reactive programming paradigm as much as possible. We used design patterns to try to smoothen out the differences between Android and iOS and implemented functionality for buttons, checkboxes, radiobuttons and textfields on these platforms. These widgets are themeble with a JSON-like format and uses a texture atlas to be sparse on system resources. We needed a texture packer which was suited to be run during runtime of a userspace application. We found a quick heurustic, O(n2), with good density, approximately 94% according to our test method.

This paper provides a report on the experimental collaborative and distributed development of a prototypic Widget-based PLE. The development process is described and detailed taking into account the requirements of a language learning scenario. First results are presented, and developer experiences are discussed critically with a focus on the development process as well as problems with current Widget technologies and interoperability.

The World Wide Web (Web) has evolved from a collection of static pages that need reloading every time the content changes, into dynamic pages where parts of the page updates independently, without reloading it. As such, users are required to work with dynamic pages with components that react to events either from human interaction or machine automation. Often elderly and visually impaired users are the most disadvantaged when dealing with this form of interaction. Operating widgets require the user to have the conceptual design knowledge of the widget to complete the task. Users must have prior experience with the widget or have to learn to operate it independently, because often no user documentation is available. An automated Widget Prediction Framework (WPF) is proposed to address the issues discussed. It is a pre-emptive approach that predicts different types of widget and their locations in the page. Widgets with similar characteristics and functionalities are categorised based on a definition provided by widget design pattern libraries. Some design patterns are more loosely defined than others, and this causes confusion and ambiguity when identifying them. A formal method to model widgets based on a Widget Ontology was developed. The paradigm of the ontology provides a framework for developers to communicate their ideas, while reducing ambiguity between different types of widget. A Widget Prediction System (WPS) was developed using the concepts of the WPF. To select the types of widget for WPS evaluation, a widget popularity investigation was conducted. Seven of the most popular widgets from the investigation, done across fifty Websites, were selected. To demonstrate how WPF can be applied to predict widgets, fifty websites were used to evaluate the feasibility of the approach using WPS. On average, WPS achieved 61.98% prediction accuracy with two of the widgets > 84% accuracy. These results demonstrated the feasibility of the framework as the backend for tools that support elderly or visually impaired users.

Are we doing enough to market newly acquired book titles? Libraries purchase and subscribe to many new book titles each year, both print and electronic. However, we rely on the expectation that users will periodically search our systems to discover newly acquired titles. Static lists and displays have been traditional marketing methods for libraries, but require tedious time and effort to maintain. Without a practical solution for an academic library, East Tennessee State University developed an automated process to generate book widgets utilizing data from Alma Analytics. These widgets are now deployed in our subject guides, website, and on our digital displays. This article outlines the development and implementation of these widgets. We also discuss the challenges we encountered, such as finding image covers and custom subject tagging.

The growth of connected, or so called smart home appliances, leads to the search for interaction methods for IoT devices including various forms of smartphone app solutions. Previous research has investigated how complex systems, with multiple options and configurations, can be set up through end-user programming and how app widgets can be an interactive solution. This approach has been adopted by few providers, however, there is little feedback from users on their experiences, in particular on the ease of configuration and customization of app widgets, the ease of use and expectations. To address these questions, I developed a novel app widget as a complement to an existing IoT smartphone app, along with three evaluations: one in-volving 8 experts including designers, developers and product managers; followed by a test session with 10 end users; and finally a field trial in which 3 users lived with the ability to use the widget for two weeks. Feedback and insights about how app widgets affected the user experience were gathered during the process confirming that widgets is a promising solution for controlling smart devices and, depending on the scenario and type of users, there are considerations that could limit or enhance their functionality. / Framväxten av sammankopplade hushållsapparater, eller så kallade ”smart home appliances”,aktualiserar sökandet efter interaktionsmetoder för IoT-produkter, t.ex. smartphone-appar. Tidigare forskning har undersökt hur komplexa system, med flera alternativ och konfigurationer, kan anpassas genom ”end-user-programmering”, och hur app-widgetar kan möjliggöra interaktiva lösningar. Ett fåtal leverantörer har annamat dessa tillvägagångssätt, men det saknas fortfarandefeedback fån användare, särskilt gällande konfigurering och specialanpassning av app-widgetar, lättanvändhet, och förväntningar. För att ta itu med dessa frågor utvecklade jag en ny app-widget som komplement till en etablerad IoT-app för smartphones, samt tre utvärderingar: en med åtta experter, inklusive designers, produktutvecklare, och produktchefer; följt av ett test med tio slutanvändare; och slutligen ett fältförsök där tre anvädare kunda använda app-widgeten i hemmet under två veckor. Under processen samlades feedback och insikter om app-widgetars inverkan på användarupplevelsen, vilka bekräftade att app-widgetar är en lovande metod för att kontrollera ”smart home appliances” och att det, beroende på scenario och användartyp, finns säskilda punkter som kan begränsa eller förhöja deras användbarhet. Framväxten av samman-kopplade hushållsapparater, eller så kallade ”smart home appliances”, aktualiserar sökandet efterinteraktionsmetoder för IoT-produkter, t.ex. smartphone-appar. Tidigare forskning har undersökt hur komplexa system, med flera alternativ och konfigurationer, kan anpassas genom ”end-user-programmering”, och hur app-widgetar kan möjliggöra interaktiva lösningar. Ett fåtal leverantörer har annamat dessa tillvägagångssätt, men det saknas fortfarande feedback från användare, särskilt gällande konfigurering och specialanpassning av app-widgetar, lättanvändhet, och förväntningar. För att ta itu med dessa frågor utvecklade jag en ny app-widget som komplement till en etablerad IoT-app för smartphones, samt tre utvärderingar: en med åtta experter, inklusive designers ,produktutvecklare, och produktchefer; följt av ett test med tio slutanvändare; och slutligen ett fältförsök där tre anvädare kunde använda app-widgeten i hemmet under två veckor. Under processen samlades feedback och insikter om app-widgetars inverkan på användarupplevelsen, vilka bekräftade att app-widgetar är en lovande metod för att kontrollera ”smart home appliances” och att det, beroende på scenario och användartyp, finns säskilda punkter som kan begränsa eller förhöja deras användbarhet.