A theoretical part of the presented diploma thesis is dedicated to the following topics: current definition of terms of technical literacy and technical thinking, technical education and its importance in the educational process, content of technical education in primary schools and strategies for improving technical literacy and technical thinking. A practical part of the thesis contains a set of proposals for the development of technical literacy and technical thinking developed for the primary schools. Final section of the practical part of the thesis aims to evaluate selected proposals in an elementary school.

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Vadybos literatūros analizė pateikia daugybę požiūrių į vadovo darbą. Teisingas vadovavimo kelias būtų efektyvių valdymo metodų taikymas kasdienėse darbo situacijose bei problemų sprendime. Darbo tikslas pateikti projektinius sprendimus smulkios įmonės - odontologijos klinikos - vadovo darbui gerinti. Šis darbas apima nedidelės odontologijos klinikos vadovo darbo analizę. Pirmoje darbo dalyje yra pateikta vadovo darbo požiūrių įvairovės analizė. Antra darbo dalis apima smulkios odontologijos klinikos vadovo darbo analizę remiantis interviu metodu atliktu tyrimu. Šis tyrimas padėjo nustatyti vadovo požiūrį į jo atliekamą darbą ir taikomus darbo metodus. Taip pat antroje darbo dalyje yra pateikiamos tyrimo metu nustatytos kasdienėje vadovo darbo veikloje kylančios problemos, kurios įtakoja vadovo veiklų atlikimą įmonėje. Trečioje darbo dalyje yra pateikiami konkretūs pasiūlymai kaip spręsti odontologijos klinikos vadovo darbe kylančias problemas. / The management literature identifies a number of alternative management approaches. The right way of management could be effective operating methods use in everyday work and trouble situations. The aim of this work – to offer designed decisions for small odontology clinic manager‘s work improvement. This essay contains small odontology clinic manager’s work analysis. The first part of this paper gives a number of alternative approaches of manager’s work in the enterprise. The second part includes small odontology clinic manager’s work research using interview method. This research helped to clear manager’s business opinion and used work methods. Also in the second part of this paper there are presented the main manager’s problems that occur in everyday’s work which influence manager activity in the company were discovered by this research. In the third part of this paper there are given particular suggestions how to solve small odontology clinic manager’s work problems.

This diploma thesis deals with teaching growing at primary schools. In the teoretical part the subject growing is charakterized and there is a brief history of teaching this practical subject. Furthermore, attention is paid to the current representation of growing in school education programs, there is an overview of expected outcomes and content of the subject matter of this course and possibilities of application of cross-curricular themes and interdisciplinary relations within it. At the end of the theoretical part there are spatial possibilities for teaching this subject, possibilities of innovation of subject and its link with food sovereignty and the use of local food. The practical part firstly answering the basic research question: How is the teaching of the subject of cultivation work in selected primary schools? The characteristics of each school are described, the hourly subsidies and forms of teaching of this subject, the equipment of the school for the teaching of the course, and the current, interesting and unconventional methods that can serve as examples of good practice of teaching Cultivation works. These dates were assessed in the form of qualitative research. In addition, the practical part is answering the secondary research questions and the results of the quantitative survey,...

As the world of business changes at a pace higher than ever before, there is an increased need for organizations to rapidly adapt and respond to these internal and external changes, whether they are technological, political, social or environmental. In management, agility is a term frequently used today in response to this new business environment, which often includes the use of agile methodologies for product development. As organizations adopt agile methodologies, old traditional management and leadership models fade. This void is being filled by new and emerging agile leadership models. Additionally, self-organizing and cross-functional teams become key concepts. All these transformations are bound to culminate in a considerable alteration in the role of the manager. This study examines the new role of the manager in an organization transitioning to agile. To answer the research questions, changes in the key work activities of the manager were evaluated, as well as how changes in interplay and interaction between the manager and the group could affect the role. Furthermore, the aim was also to identify some of the main challenges and barriers that arise. This was studied qualitatively through a literature review. Also, a case study was conducted at the software development department at Scania AB, where ten managers and one employee was interviewed. A survey was also sent out to the group members at this department, with 150 respondents. Findings indicated that most work activities did not change. Some of them changed in character due to introducing an agile method and due to internal, structural changes. In one case, the work focus shifted from one activity to another. In the interplay with the group, the manager now has new roles to consider, while his role becomes more of an empowerer and meets new leadership models. With this organizational change, there are also new opportunities of delegating work activities to a higher extent. The main challenges that were identified regarded communication and coordination, control, and mastering agile methods. / Affärsvärlden möter förändringar i en allt snabbare takt än tidigare, varför organisationer måste bemöta och förhålla sig till både de interna och externa förändringar som sker, vare sig dessa är teknologiska, politiska, sociala eller miljömässiga. Inom ledarskap används idag termen agilt allt mer, som svar på detta nya affärsklimat, vilket ofta inkluderar användandet av agila metoder inom produktutveckling. Då allt fler organisationer inför användandet av agila metoder, tappar också de traditionella ledarskapsmodellerna sin roll. Detta gap som uppstår har kommit att fyllas av nya agila ledarskapsmodeller. Vidare blir också självstyrande och tvärfunktionella grupper viktiga koncept. Dessa förändringar medför en avsevärd förändring av chefsrollen. Denna studie undersöker hur chefsrollen förändras i en organisationen som blir allt mer agil. För att svara på forskningsfrågorna undersöktes hur huvudarbetsuppgifterna förändrats, men också hur förändringar i samspelet och interaktionen mellan chefen och gruppen kan komma att påverka chefsrollen. Vidare undersöktes också vilka huvudsakliga utmaningar och hinder som uppstod. En kvalitativ litteraturstudie utfördes i studien. Också en fallstudie på avdelningen för mjukvaruutveckling på Scania AB utfördes, där tio gruppchefer och en annan anställd intervjuades. En undersöknings skickades också ut till gruppmedlemmar på denna avdelningar, med totalt 150 svar.Resultatet påvisade att de flesta arbetsuppgifter inte förändrades. Vissa av dessa förändrades i karaktär och i utförandet, till följd av införandet av en agil metod och strukturella förändringar i företaget. I ett fall skiftade arbetsfokus från en arbetsuppgift till en annan. I samspelet mellan chef och grupp har nu chefen nya roller att ta hänsyn till. Chefens roll blir mer av en facilitator, där nya ledarskapsmodeller också står till mötes. Chefen har också större möjligheter till delegering av arbetsuppgifter än tidigare. De utmaningar som identifierades rörde kommunikation och koordination, kontroll, och hanteringen av agila metoder.

Purpose – The purpose of the study is to propose a framework for standardized workstations with focus on operators work activities and material presentation on a mixed-model assembly line. In order to fulfill the purpose, it was decomposed into three research questions: Research question 1: What problems in existing manual workstations can be identified, regarding work activities and material presentation? Research question 2: What can be considered regarding operators' work activities in creation of standardized workstations for a mixed-model assembly line? Research question 3: What can facilitate the work performance and ergonomics of operators when designing material presentation for standardized workstations for a mixed-model assembly line? Methodology – This study was carried out inductively through analysis of empirical data from a case study against existing theories from a literature study. Theories were in the areas of mixed-model assembly line, workstation design, material presentation, work activities, ergonomics and human aspect, and standardization and flexibility. To gather empirical data, a document study, observations and interviews were conducted at one case company. Findings – The study resulted in a framework for work activities and material presentation in standardized workstations on a mixed-model assembly line within the perspectives of ergonomics, standardization and non-value-added work. Results indicated on decreased efficiency if the involvement of human factor and standardization were insufficient in the workstation design, by increased non-value- added work and decreased ergonomics. Implications – The proposed framework intended to support companies to merge assembly lines into a mixed-model assembly line with low automation. Limitations – The framework in this study only focused on workstations' workactivities and material presentation. Workstations are linked to more than these two areas therefore should more areas be included in merging assembly lines. This framework had the perspectives of ergonomics, standardization and non-value-added work, more perspectives should be considered in a merger.

Il lavoro di ricerca è dedicato ai Servizi di Child Protection della regione Lombardia. Il disegno del lavoro è peculiare, composto da due parti che sorreggono l’obiettivo generale che si articola su due livelli di analisi complementari fra loro. L’intento è stato descrivere e analizzare la realtà dei servizi di tutela minorile della Regione in ordine a due dimensioni: le forme di gestione e la pratica operativa. Per la prima, è stata effettuata una ricognizione sulle forme di gestione relative al Servizio tutela minori di ciascun Comune lombardo: questa operazione ha da un lato costituito un risultato importante in sé andando a colmare un vuoto di materiale disponibile a livello ufficiale, e dall’altro è stato propedeutico all’indagine operativa che ha costituito la seconda parte del progetto. Nella seconda parte della ricerca, l’indagine ha riguardato l’attività degli assistenti sociali incardinati dentro le rispettive organizzazioni, con riferimento ad opinioni e comportamenti. L’idea di coinvolgere la popolazione degli assistenti sociali lombardi in un’indagine quantitativa (il tasso di risposta ha superato il 70%) nasce in risposta a quesiti che nei sistemi di tutela minorile risultano pendenti, la cui esplorazione, fino ad oggi parziale, potrebbe risultare utile alla programmazione dei Servizi, alla formazione degli operatori, alle scelte di politica sociale. Un valore aggiunto alla ricerca è rappresentato dall’ideazione di strumenti di rilevazione costruiti ad hoc / The purpose of the research is to gain data about the Child Protection system in an Italian Region (Lombardia). The work developed in two parts: one concerned the organizational form and the other the work practice of the practitioners. In Lombardia there are a wide type of Child Protection organizations: the institutional mission is the same but the modalities to seek it are numerous, for example in association with other towns, through a new institution, or sovereignty The official documentation about this theme is lacking: in this project has been realized a complete reconnaissance of the organizational forms with the assistance of the data collected through a survey administered to 200 managers. The second part of the research aimed to represent the work practices of the fieldwork. Involving the 70% of the practitioners committed in the Child Protection work in this Region, the survey realized underlines the opinions (about the workload, the competences and the abilities, the level of stress,..) and the activities done during a work week. To collect the data (analyzed with a statistical program), the research tools are ideated especially.

1 ABSTRACT The Master's work deals with the adaptaion proces of elders, taking social work services with accommodation. The theoreticaly introduces the topic of social services, demografy and actual documents. Following investigation shows that the residential services are not prefered by seniors; it's using is connected with negative feelings, at least at the beginning. The key role plays a family an social relationships that can widely help to bear the situation. In particular, we recomend the chase of conception of social services, introduce unified systém of data processing and support of social service.

My thesis deal with topic: "Work activities as a subject of motivation for an apprenticeship selection". The basic idea is an opportunity of cooperation between primary and secondary vocational schools in field of work activities. They do not take place in primary school facilities but in professional workshops of vocational school. I handle in detail making test tasks and didactic test, which will objectively judge (in a set group of pupils) whether doing work activities in vocational school´s workshop have some influence on choosing their next field of study.

This study is an attempt to determine the impact of teachers' attitudes on their classroom behaviour and therefore on their implementation of the Communicative Approach. A descriptive case study was conducted at six secondary schools in Harare, Zimbabwe (as ESL environment) to determine the effect of 38 O-level English teachers' attitudes on their classroom practice. Quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection, including a questionnaire, an observation instrument and a semistructured interview were used to gauge teachers' attitudes, assessing the extent to which attitudes are reflected in their classroom behaviour, and eliciting teachers' verbalisation of how they conceive of their professional task. The findings show that the effective implementation of the Communicative Approach was critically dependent on teachers' positive attitudes towards this approach in the five categories covered by this study. / Linguistics / M.A. (Applied Linguistics)