Work For You är privat fristående aktör som Arbetsförmedlingen upphandlat rehabiliteringstjänster av. Syftet med denna studie var att studera och analysera hur deltagarna på Work For You upplevt rehabiliteringstjänsten de ingått i. Ett annat syfte var att även ta reda på om rehabiliteringstjänsten haft någon inverkan på deltagarnas möjlighet att återgå till arbetsmarknaden. Studien utgick ifrån fyra deltagares upplevelser av insatsen.   Studien har en kvalitativ induktiv ansats. Resultatet visar att samtliga deltagare upplevt att insatsen haft en positiv inverkan på dem och de anser att de fått den hjälp de ansett sig vara i behov av. Deltagarna upplevde att de fått hjälp i ett helhetsperspektiv, kommit ut i en anpassad arbetsträning och återfått en tro på sin egen förmåga. Man har även parallellt med de arbetslivsinriktade insatserna haft möjlighet att träna på det sociala samspelet, få kunskap om anpassningsmöjligheter och fått ett ökat självförtroende. Några av de som deltagit i intervjun har nämnt att insatsen för dem varit en lösning eller lett till ett bättre mående, där de fått ett stärkt självförtroende och känner hopp. Samtliga har även varit ute på arbetsträning.   Nyckelord: Arbetsmarknaden, arbetsträning, funktionshinder, intervjustudie, rehabiliteringstjänst, social samvaro, stöd, Work For You. / <p>2013-06-04</p>

I have enjoyed this year, writing pieces that are special to me because they relate to experiences during 2008. I've written for orchestra, choir and an ensemble of xylophones and saxophone. Each piece has extended my skills and creativity in different ways from previous compositions. Prelude to the Unspoken This work is for symphony orchestra. Last year, it was rehearsed and recorded by the NZSO as part of the NZSO/Todd Young Composers Awards 2008. The pieces were recorded in the Michael Fowler Centre and conducted by Hamish McKeich. It was exciting to hear the piece come alive and watch the orchestra rehearse. Now I have heard the recording in a calmer state and know what it actually sounds like, I have been able to evaluate some decisions and whether or not they worked. As long as I have played instruments, I have played in orchestras. I can draw on these experiences when composing because as a clarinettist, you sit in the middle of the orchestra, and can hear the different sections playing and how their parts/notes relate to the rest of the orchestra. As a percussionist, hearing the orchestra from the back (when counting rests!) also reveals a different point of view. This year I chose to compose a slower, more contemplative piece. Last year, my compositions were dense and busy, so writing this piece required me to use space and texture in new ways. The title Prelude to the Unspoken alludes to something being stated but stopping before anything is revealed. A Schulwerk Orffering I was inspired to compose for the forces used in this piece because of an Orff- Schulwerk teacher training course I attended in 2008. As part of the Masters of Music degree, I completed a Level 1 workshop and on-line component - Orff Music Education-Theory and Practice 1, and more recently, completed the Level 2 workshop. Orff-Schulwerk education is a holistic, hands-on approach that explores music physically and through different instruments such as body percussion and approachable instruments (for children) such as recorders, mallet instruments and small percussion. One activity during the course was playing a tune from the Orff-Schulwerk volumes, where everyone was playing a mallet instrument - xylophone, marimba, glockenspiel, from soprano to bass, while the teacher improvised a tune on the recorder, over the top of this moving carpet of sound we were making with our ostinatos and drones. This was just like being in the middle of the orchestra. While playing my ostinato, I was in the centre of all of this sound, hearing how each simple ostinato made an interesting accompaniment. I was also influenced by Philip GIass' Fascades, where the cross rhythms of the accompaniment create a carpet of sound, while the simple saxophone melody floats over top. I wanted to create something similar with tenor saxophone and the educational xylophones. I chose to write for two alto and two bass xylophones (small, educational instruments with no chromatic notes). These instruments were available at the course and I was able to have these with me while I composed. Because I do not usually play a mallet instrument, I composed ostinatos that I was able to play. All the techniques are those explored in Orff-Schulwerk - ostinato, drone, sound carpet, imitation. The saxophone sits quite high in the first movement, holding long notes, while in the second movement, the saxophone is active with a wide range of notes. I recently had an item about this piece in the Orff New Zealand Aotearoa newsletter 'Sounding Orff'. I hope to get a recording/performance of this piece from a response to the newsletter. Missa Brevis I sing in the Hamilton Civic Choir and have sung many Masses so was interested in writing a Missa Brevis. The movements Kyrie, Gloria, Sanctus, Benedictus and Agnus Dei are for SATB with some movements scored for divisi voices. The style of this piece is approachable for many choirs because of traditional harmonic and musical organisation, while including modern arrangements of the text and approach to the music. Some choir members queried the fact that sometimes their part does not say a whole word, for example, just singing 'Dom', not 'Domine'. The words were deliberately set like this because when using block writing, as opposed to polyphony, I felt the extra syllables would change the desired musical and rhythmic texture. I wrote this piece with the Hamilton Civic Choir in mind because I know their capabilities. For example, I know the second basses can reach a low D. For the very low notes, I've added an octave option for the first basses or all basses if another choir cannot reach them. This recording by members of the choir was not up to the choir's usual standard because of time restrictions. The piano is used in my recording but is for rehearsal use only. The Gloria will be performed in the Choir's first 2009 concert in March.

This thesis contributes to the literature on the Howard Government's mutual obligation policy by investigating the perspectives of those who are subject to it: specifically, those required to undertake Work for the Dole. To date, research on participants' perspectives has been limited to a few predominantly quantitative studies, most of which have been commissioned or conducted by government departments. This study provides a more qualitative and independent perspective on participants' experiences and their views about their rights and obligations as unemployed people. It considers the extent to which these experiences and views are consistent with or conflict with the rationales for mutual obligation. The study included a survey of 87 participants in nine Melbourne and Geelong-based Work for the Dole projects conducted in 1999, eight focus groups conducted with 59 of these participants, and 37 in-depth interviews conducted with a new sample of Work for the Dole participants in 2002. Unemployed participants in the study had a strongly positive orientation towards work and many had substantial experience of employment. They viewed work as necessary to fulfil human capacities and needs, and often believed that they should work for their own well-being, as much as to contribute to society. Far from expressing any distinctive values of a 'dependency culture', participants appeared to share many of the work values of the wider community. However, many also had substantial experience of unemployment and faced significant barriers to gaining ongoing work. This thesis provides evidence that Work for the Dole provides short-term benefits for many such unemployed people: most study participants enjoyed taking part in the program and felt that they gained benefits from participating. They clearly endorsed some kind of work placement and skill development programs for the unemployed. Given the Howard Government's abolition of a range of previous programs of this type, Work for the Dole is now the only such program available for many participants and was often preferred to doing no program at all. However, more than four in ten survey participants did not enjoy doing the program overall, and a fifth actively disliked taking part. Further, the program's impact on employment prospects appeared to be either negligible or negative-which was not surprising given the scheme's focus on the unemployed discharging their 'obligations to the community' and 2 overcoming a 'psychology of dependency', rather than on job outcomes for participants. However, this thesis argues that there is very limited value in a program which provides benefits at the time of participation but does not help in achieving the main aim of the unemployed: gaining work. The study analyses the Howard Government's three central rationales for the mutual obligation policy: that it ensures that participants fulfil the requirements of the 'social contract' by requiring them to 'contribute to the community' (the contractualist claim), that it deters the unemployed from being 'too selective' about jobs (the 'job snob' claim), and that it benefits participants by developing their capacity for autonomy and self-reliance (the new paternalist claim). These three rationales are assessed in the light of participants' responses. With regard to the contractualist claim, the study finds that most participants shared the widespread community belief that only 'genuine' jobseekers deserve unemployment payments, but many did not share the community's support for the requirement to work for payments. While a third of survey participants supported this requirement, almost half opposed it. Most believed the government was not fulfilling its obligations to the unemployed to provide appropriate employment and training opportunities which were relevant to the jobs they were seeking. Many viewed the mutual obligation 'contract' as a one-way set of directives imposed on them and believed that the breaching regime which enforced these directives was unreasonably punitive and unfairly administered. With regard to the 'job snob' claim, study participants largely rejected an expectation that they should be required to accept any job, and most had substantial concerns about the specific form of the job search regime. They did not agree that 'any job is better than no job' and objected to the pressure under mutual obligation arrangements to apply for jobs which they considered inappropriate. They were not willing to be forced into jobs in which they feared they would be unhappy and which they were likely to soon leave; rather, they wanted assistance to help them to find sustainable work. Finally, with regard to the 'new paternalist' claim, many participants believed that compelling recipients to undertake certain activities or to apply for unsuitable jobs unreasonably restricted their freedom of choice, undermining rather than increasing their autonomy. As argued by Yeatman (2000b), recipients may benefit from a program, or from a case manager who assists 3 them to develop their capacities, but compulsion to undertake activities that are not related to individual needs and goals is likely to undermine capacity-building. The evidence of poor employment outcomes from Work for the Dole adds further weight to this view. The provision of a greater range of program types in place of Work for the Dole-including those which combine work with accredited training and those providing subsidised placement in mainstream jobs-would address many concerns held by participants in this study. However, compulsion to participate in a labour market program would remain problematic in a society which generates far fewer jobs than are needed for full employment. The thesis concludes that the mutual obligation principle privileges the obligations of the unemployed over their rights to autonomy and to work. Its associated requirements have further added to the already considerable constraints faced by unemployed people who are attempting to identify and meet their own work-related goals. Ironically, a policy which is portrayed by the Government as promoting active participation in society, in reality requires many payment recipients to passively obey government directives-instead of actively participating in shaping their own future.

abstract: The introduction of a new instrumental piece—specifically Taiwanese—into the cello repertoire is as exciting as it is important. Currently, the majority of works for cello and piano include predominantly Western compositions that is repeatedly taught and performed. Reflections, by Taiwanese composer Ming-Hsiu Yen (Ms. Yen) is a response to this saturation. It is a piece that is both demanding for the performers and entertaining for the audience. Brilliantly written by a composer who has intimate familiarity with both the cello and piano, it is highly suitable for scholarly study and performance. This document details ensemble issues, interpretative suggestions for both cellist and pianist, and general concepts about the music. The composer further adds to these concepts and suggestions. Reflections is a programmatic work comprised of four movements, each with a descriptive title: “Gear,” “Tears of the Angel,” “Spintop,” and “Transformation.” Because the composer’s intentions were driven by pictorial ideas and not by a formal harmonic structure, this paper concentrates on ensemble issues and interpretation less than harmonic analysis. Secondly, the project includes the premiere recording of Reflections, as performer by Yu-Ting Tseng, cellist, and Dr. Jeremy Peterman, pianist. This audio documentation provides other cellists and pianists the opportunity of hearing the piece as originally conceived by the composer, as an aid to their own future preparation of this work. This recording, combined with the interpretative analysis, will assist in bringing Reflections into the cello repertoire and public eye. / Dissertation/Thesis / Reflections Recording Movement I Gear / Reflections Recording Movement II Tears of the Angel / Reflections Recording Movement III Spintop / Reflections Recording Movement IV Transformation / Doctoral Dissertation Music 2016

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2014-09-04T17:23:27Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Silva, Valdemar Alves - Três estudos de concerto para violão de Radamés Gnattali peculiaridades estilísticas e suas implicações com processos de circularidade cultural - 2014.pdf: 6322123 bytes, checksum: 7f868701e1923f487a15f9604952bc35 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-04T17:23:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Silva, Valdemar Alves - Três estudos de concerto para violão de Radamés Gnattali peculiaridades estilísticas e suas implicações com processos de circularidade cultural - 2014.pdf: 6322123 bytes, checksum: 7f868701e1923f487a15f9604952bc35 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-25 / This research aimed to investigate the technical characteristics/stylistic involved with the Three Studies of Concert for guitar the songwriter gaucho Radamés Gnattali, in its interaction with the processes of circularity and cultural hybridization. Tried to reach, especially, to the peculiarities of the work of this composer, related to the inseparability between stylistic characteristics /idiomatismo/Technical/cultural interaction, emphasizing always transit that has been established between the specificities of different fields of musical production (Bourdieu, 2003). Chartier (1990), Hall (2005), Bourdieu (2003) and Canclini offered (2003), allowed for a theoretical foundation that took on important representational reference, referring to the possibilities raised by practical knowledge and daily involved with identitary processes, that is the objective and becomes evident in verbal formulations, practices and cultural works. This reasoning pointed as the methodological approach, in addition to the bibliographic research, referring to the removal of scenarios sociohistorical and cultural and the elements of the path of life and musical Gnattali, the analysis and interpretation of works that integrate the Three Studies of Concert for guitar. In this context, the analysis and interpretation of scores were performed in interaction with the analysis and interpretation of works recorded on CDs and with data collected in the research literature. Thus, it was possible to confirm the assumption that the works of Radamés Gnatalli Gnattali that integrate Three studies of Concert for guitar, were able to prove the specificity of his work as a composer, a composer who transitioned so fluidic flip by different cultural dimensions; who worked in the most peculiar way a musical language hybrid, indicative of stylistic peculiarities that demonstrate not only his transit cultural, but also their interaction with the sound features, technicians of the instrument. / Essa pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar as características técnicas/estilísticas implicadas com os Três Estudos de Concerto para violão do compositor gaúcho Radamés Gnattali, na sua interação com os processos de circularidade e hibridação cultural. Buscou chegar, sobretudo, às peculiaridades do trabalho desse compositor, relacionadas à inseparabilidade entre características estilísticas/idiomatismo/técnica/interação cultural, enfatizando sempre o trânsito que estabeleceu entre as especificidades de diferentes campos de produção musical (BOURDIEU, 2003). Chartier (1990), Hall (2005), Bourdieu (2003) e Canclini (2003), possibilitaram um embasamento teórico que teve no representacional importante referência, remetendo às possibilidades colocadas pelo conhecimento prático e cotidiano implicado com processos identitários, que se objetiva e se torna evidência nas formulações verbais, práticas e obras culturais. Essa fundamentação apontou como abordagem metodológica, além da pesquisa bibliográfica, referente ao levantamento dos cenários sócio-histórico e culturais e a elementos da trajetória de vida e musical de Gnattali, a análise e interpretação das obras que integram os Três Estudos de Concerto para violão. Nesse contexto, a análise e a interpretação de partituras foram realizadas em interação com a análise e interpretação da performance através das obras gravadas e com os dados colhidos na pesquisa bibliográfica. Assim, foi possível confirmar a pressuposição de que as obras de Radamés Gnattali que integram Três os Estudos de Concerto para violão, foram capazes de revelar a especificidade do seu trabalho como compositor, um compositor que transitou de forma fluídica por diferentes dimensões culturais; que trabalhou de forma peculiar uma linguagem musical híbrida, reveladora de peculiaridades estilísticas que evidenciam não só o seu trânsito cultural, mas também a sua interação com os recursos sonoros e técnicos do instrumento.

The Framework for 21st-Century Learning (The Framework) is focused on the mastery of core subjects and been found to be essential to student success. Teachers in a suburban school district in Ohio were struggling to address the challenges associated with the implementation of The Framework. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to examine how teachers implemented the program in their classrooms. Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development guided the exploration of how elementary teachers were implementing critical elements of The Framework to scaffold literacy instruction. A qualitative case study design was used to allow the researcher to examine the ways elementary teachers were addressing the challenges of The Framework. Nine elementary teachers (grades K-3) with varying levels of experience from 2 elementary schools similar in demographics in a school district were selected to participate in the study. Each completed a questionnaire pertaining to The Framework and was observed in the classroom using a checklist based on The Framework, guided by Vygotsky's sociocultural theory of learning, and focused on best-practice literacy principles. Axial coding was used to identify patterns and themes from the questionnaires, observations, and public documents. Results indicated that educators were implementing The Framework, but were using outdated terminology, were creating misconceptions and confusion about some literature principles, and were not using student-driven assessment strategies. The findings informed creation of a professional development project that will provide elementary teachers in the district with support while integrating The Framework. This study affects positive social change by providing increased understanding of literacy instruction to enhance student learning within The Framework.

This thesis is about the quest to build effective strategies to support the development of enterprise on the margins of the economy, to create jobs and reduce poverty. A core part of this challenge includes grappling with the role of markets in development, and of markets as a critical part of the context in which enterprise development in rural and peri-urban areas can either provide a path out of poverty – or instead serve to lock people into poverty. The thesis explores these issues by tracking the experience of the Mineworkers Development Agency (MDA) as it attempted to grapple with this challenge. MDA is the development wing of South Africa’s National Union of Mineworkers (NUM) , and was set up to create jobs and support enterprise development for communities affected by the loss of jobs on the mines. The thesis covers a fourteen-year period in MDA’s history, from its inception in 1988 until 2002. It tracks the learning process across several phases in the development of MDA’s approach. These included the development of worker co-operatives, the establishment of business service centres, value-chain work in the craft sector, and the commercialization of a juice product from the indigenous marula berry. In the process, MDA engaged with an emergent paradigm in the development sector called ‘Making Markets Work for the Poor’. Can markets really be made to work for the poor? Or even just made to work ‘better’ for the poor? Or is the process of inclusion in markets inexorably and inevitably one of making the poor work for markets? The thesis explores these issues in the context of MDA’s experience, locating this within a wider set of theoretical concerns over the role of markets in society, and the ways in which societies have protected themselves from the negative impacts of the development of market economies. It draws on wider political economy approaches to argue that markets are institutions that are socially constructed, and explores what scope there might therefore be to construct them differently. While recognising the importance of social protection, the thesis argues that there is a need to go beyond defensive strategies aimed at protecting society from markets, to identify new terms of engagement within markets to shape markets, and to harness their wealth-creating potential in ways that have different distributional consequences, as part of a long-term agenda of eradicating poverty.

本研究探討優勢觀點在單親親子團體方案中之操作情形及實際成效，長達七週的團體方案，以親子互動關係作為整體方案的焦點及主軸，並以冒險體驗及優勢觀點團體穿插的方式進行活動方案的整體設計及帶領。 資料收集方式為質量並行，在團體前、團體結束及團體結束後一個月，進行三次量化問卷施測；在團體方案開始及結束時，分別訪談參與團體之母親成員及團體領導者，以深入探討團體方案對參與家庭產生的影響及改變。 研究參與者共有四個家庭，研究結果簡要說明如下： 一、在量化資料方面： 1.親子互動關係：半數子女成員在親子互動關係方面，在「關愛」、「敬重」及「卑順」層面有正向的改變；而母親成員三次施測變動幅度不大，親子關係的六大面向中，「敬重」及「卑順」層面有正向的改變。 2.生活適應及身心健康：子女成員在生活適應方面，半數的子女成員在參與團體後有較佳的適應狀況，一位成員並無改變，一位成員適應狀況下滑；而四位母親成員之身心健康狀況並未因為團體方案的介入而有明顯的改善。 二、質性資料方面： 1.生活適應方面：離婚初期的婦女在經濟、就業、住所、子女教養等面向，遭遇無充足資源，並面臨在經濟就業及家庭照顧之間的抉擇。而社福資源、學校資源、心理諮商、醫療資源、就業的周邊效益、與外界接觸及環境因素是幫助這些婦女適應之適應因子。 2.親子互動關係：多數團體成員表示參與團體後親子關係有正向改變：(1)摩擦程度減少、(2)相處及肢體接觸增加、(3)學習新的親子互動方式、(4)親子界線的彈性及調整、(5)更理解彼此想法、(6) 增進對彼此的包容與耐心。 3.除親子關係的改善外，母親及子女在個人面也都有不同的改變，包含：(1)母親成員的改變有：看待事情的角度改變，重新理解親子關係的衝突，甚至有成員也應用到對於離婚事件的重新解讀、更多的反思及自我感增加；(2)子女成員的改變有：願意自我分享、耐心及自信增加、信任他人及學習獨自處理問題。 本文歸納優勢觀點在單親親子團體中的實務運用，及優勢觀點為基礎的親子團體是如何促進團體成員在親子互動關係的改善外，也企圖瞭解婦女在離婚初期在經濟、就業、住所、子女教養等面向之適應歷程，關注婦女們在單親過程所展現的不同樣態及適應因子，期待有助於家庭社會工作的實務發展及開展優勢觀點在不同層面的運用。 / This study applied strengths perspective on the single mother and child group with a focus on (a)the interaction between mother and child.(b) life adaption . Four families participated in the group; they met once a week and last for 7 weeks. The group activities were based on the protocol of Project Adventure and strengths perspective. This study adopted both quantitative and qualitative methods. The quantitative data was collected from both mother and child members at three times: before and after the group activity began, as well as one month after the last session. The results showed that: (a) Mother-child interaction-- 50% of the child members showed positive changes on 3 aspects (caring, respect and obedience), the mother members showed less changes, but still had positive effects on respect and obedience. (b) Life adaption & physical and mental health: 50% of the child members showed positive changes on life adaption. No significant change was found on the mothers The analysis of the qualitative data indicated that: (a) Resources on welfare, schooling, counseling, medical and employment could help the mother member to achieve better life adaption. (b) The interactions between mother and child revealed positive changes, including less conflict, more physical contacts, willing to learn new ways of interaction, flexible mother-child boundaries, being more patient and tolerance. (c) The mother members could reframe the meaning of divorce and conflicts, and had more self reflection. The child members were more willing to share feelings, had more patient and confidence, trusting others and learn to solve problems on their own. These findings suggest that the Strengths based group work were beneficial to the single mothers and their child. However, more studies are needed to replicate the program and further examine its effectiveness.

Submitted by Oliveira Santos Dilzaná (dilznana@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-04-15T18:44:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese de Rebeca da Rocha Grangeiro.pdf: 2711849 bytes, checksum: d274804f02b7ec0a5f05d44dce327080 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Portela (anapoli@ufba.br) on 2016-04-28T17:28:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese de Rebeca da Rocha Grangeiro.pdf: 2711849 bytes, checksum: d274804f02b7ec0a5f05d44dce327080 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T17:28:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese de Rebeca da Rocha Grangeiro.pdf: 2711849 bytes, checksum: d274804f02b7ec0a5f05d44dce327080 (MD5) / CAPES / Esta tese está dividida em quatro estudos. No primeiro, as definições de artesanato abordadas estão organizadas a partir de três grandes eixos: artesanato como modelo de trabalho (ou metáfora); como produto; e como processo. O eixo que considera o artesanato como modelo de organização social do trabalho toma o artesanato como paradigma do que seja um trabalho de qualidade, considerando que ele: envolve o fim da clivagem cabeça-corpo, além da lentidão e rotinização que asseguram um trabalho reflexivo e imaginativo (Sennett, 2009). Já o eixo que analisa o artesanato como produto promove a exaltação do objeto em si e adota postura descritiva em relação a ele. Canclini (1983) esclarece que este é um posicionamento científico perigoso, pois nos remete a explicações exclusivamente folclorista ou econômica do artesanato. Assim, o autor propõe o estudo do artesanato como processo, como práticas cotidianas nas quais os objetos são elaborados, a partir de uma visão global: social, econômica e cultural. A análise da literatura científica brasileira sobre artesanato foi realizada a partir de um conjunto de 22 artigos disponibilizados pela plataforma Capes e revisados pelos pares. Estes estão organizados a partir dos três grandes eixos apresentados acima. Os 45 artigos científicos franceses sobre artesanato foram acessados através da base de dados CAIRN.INFO e são em sua maioria do domínio da administração e das ciências sociais. Considerando nesta tese o artesanato como processo, buscamos elementos históricos da atividade artesanal na região do Cariri cearense para compreender o contexto hodierno no qual investigamos práticas e significados do trabalho artesanal. Assim, o segundo estudo destaca a florescência do artesanato entre 1900 e 1960, seguida de um processo de sua fragilização engendram o contexto complexo e paradoxal do artesanato do Cariri cearense. O terceiro estudo analisa as práticas atuais da atividade de trabalho artesanal, quanto a 1) aspectos relativos à organização do trabalho e características econômicas da atividade laboral; 2) diferenças entre artesãos e artesãs, quanto à organização do trabalho; e 3) empreendemos caracterização dos artesãos em perfis que consideraram, simultaneamente, o nível de visibilidade do artesanato e as inovações nos processos de trabalho. Os principais resultados encontrados indicam a baixa escolaridade destes trabalhadores que exercem a atividade em média, há 22,18 anos e adota a própria residência é o principal local de trabalho. Quanto à renda, pouco mais da metade da amostra não chega a ganhar um salário mínimo através do trabalho artesanal. Apesar da evidente dificuldade econômica enfrentada pelos artesãos, o artesanato ainda é para a maioria dos trabalhadores a única atividade produtiva exercida. No que tange às possíveis diferenças entre artesãos e artesãs, quanto à organização do trabalho, pudemos perceber que a média de horas trabalhadas pelos homens é maior que a média de horas trabalhadas pelas mulheres e que e em geral os artesãos trabalham na oficina ou associação, enquanto a maior parte das artesãs trabalha no próprio domicílio. Em relação ao nível de visibilidade e de inovação alcançados pela amostra estudada, os resultados indicaram que 54,8% da amostra se concentra no segundo cluster, onde estão os artesãos que alcançaram baixos escores de inovação e visibilidade e são denominados artesãos tradicionais não-reconhecidos. O segundo perfil com maior quantidade de artesãos é aquele dos artesãos tradicionais-reconhecidos, seguido dos artesãos de referência cultural não reconhecidos e, por último, o perfil com menor quantidade de artesãos representa o quarto cluster e diz respeito aos artesãos de referência cultural reconhecidos. No quarto estudo, o significado do trabalho foi analisado a partir das três dimensões propostas no modelo teórico elaborado pela equipe MOW (1987). Quanto ao instrumento de coleta de dados, utilizamos uma versão reduzida do questionário criado pela mesma equipe e validado por Soares (1992). Analisamos os dados relativos a amostra total de artesãos investigados, mas também comparamos as médias dos quatro perfis de artesãos, considerando o nível de visibilidade e inovação alcançados pelo artesão. Os resultados encontrados permitem configurar a profissão de artesão como marcada por uma atribuição de alta centralidade do trabalho. Também identificamos diferenças entre artesãos dos quatro perfis quanto à centralidade relativa do trabalho e aos construtos que integram as motivações para o trabalho. This thesis is divided into four studies. In the first of one, the craft definitions discussed in this thesis are organized from three main axis: crafts like working model (or metaphor); as a product; and as a process. The axis that considers the craft as a working model takes the craft as a paradigm of what a quality job, considering he involves the end of disconnextion between head-body, also the slowness and routinization ensuring a reflective and imaginative work (Sennett, 2009). The axis that analyzes the craft as product promotes the appreciation of the object itself and adopts descriptive attitude towards it. According to Canclini (1983), this is a dangerous scientific position since it refers to the explanations exclusively folklorist or economic crafts. Thus, the author proposes the craft study as a process, as everyday practices in which the objects are drawn from a global view: social, economic and cultural. The analysis of the scientific literature on craft was carried out from a set of 22 articles provided by Capes and reviewed by peers. These are organized from the three main axis listed above. The 45 french scientific articles on crafts were accessed through CAIRN.INFO database and most of them are from the field of administration and social sciences. In this thesis we assume crafts as process, so we seek historical elements of craft activity in Cariri/ Ceará to understand the present-day context in which we investigate practices and meanings of craftswork. Thus the second study highlights the growth of the craft between 1900 and 1960, followed by a process of weakening engender a complex and paradoxical context of the crafts in Cariri. The third study analyse the current practices of craftsmanship activity as: 1) aspects related to work organization and economic characteristics of labor activity; 2) differences between craftsmen and craftswoman, as the organization of work; and 3) characterize the artisans in profiles that considered both the craft level of visibility and innovations in work processes. The main results indicate a low level of education of these workers engaged in the activity for an average of 22.18 years and adopts their home as workplace. As for income, just over half of the sample make less than a minimum wage through handmade work. Despite the economic difficulty faced by artisans, handicraft is still for most workers the only productive activity exercised. With regard to possible differences between craftsmen and artisans, as the organization of work, we realized that the average hours worked by men is greater than the average hours worked by women and that in general and the artisans in the workshop or association, while most of the artisans working in the household. Regarding the level of visibility and innovation achieved by this sample, the results indicated that 54.8% of the sample is concentrated in the second cluster, where are the craftsmen who achieved low scores for innovation and visibility and they are called non-recognized traditional craftsmen . The second profile with higher number of artisans is that of traditional-recognized artisans, followed by culture reference artisans not recognized and, finally, the profile with less artisans represents the fourth cluster, they are called recognized culture reference artisans. In the fourth study, the meaning of work was analyzed from the three dimensions proposed in the theoretical model developed by the team MOW (1987). As for the data collection instrument, we use a reduced version of the questionnaire created by the same team and validated by Soares (1992). We analyze data on the total sample of surveyed craftsmen, but also compared the average of the four profiles of artisans, considering the level of visibility and innovation achieved by the artisan. It was possible to set up artisan profession as marked by an assignment of high centrality of work. Also we identified differences between craftsmen of four profiles on the relative centrality of work and constructs that comprise the motivations for work.

Denna avhandling belyser forskarstött förändringsarbete, inom ”Servicenätet Posten”, den division inom Posten Sverige AB som ansvarar för postdistribution till kunderna. Förändringsarbetet har handlat om att förbättra arbetssituationen för 15 000 brevbärare. Den teoretiska grunden utgörs av ett systemtänkande där konceptet ”Människa-Teknik-Organisation” (MTO), används för att granska interventionsprocessen. Det övergripande syftet med denna avhandling är att bidra till kunskapsutveckling-en om forskarstött förändringsarbete utifrån följande delsyften: 1) att illustrera hur ett systemtänkande i förändringsarbete påverkar förståelsen för hur systemkomponenterna Människa, Teknik och Organisation (MTO) interagerar i praktiken, 2) att exemplifiera hur den kunskapen kan omsättas i praktiken genom utveckling och implementering av MTO-anpassade lösningar i samverkan mellan forskare och praktiker, 3) att empiriskt exemplifiera hur former för participation kan bidra till framgångsrikt förändringsarbete genom analys och syntes av process och resultat. Forskningsprojektet har bedrivits med en interaktiv ansats. Den interaktiva ansatsen har gjort det möjligt att belysa samverkan mellan forskare och praktiker på ett verklig-hetsnära och realistiskt sätt under fyra projektfaser fördelade över en femårsperiod. Den inledande projektfasen innebar en diagnostisering av problematiken. Ett antal åtgärdsförslag presenterades av forskargruppen och ledde vidare till ett forskarstött ut-vecklingsarbete under en andra projektfas då ett underlag till olika förbättringsåtgärder arbetades fram. Detta inbegrep utveckling av såväl teknisk som arbetsorganisatorisk ka-raktär för att åstadkomma effektiva och hälsosamma arbetsprocesser för brevbärare inom postutdelningsverksamheten. I en tredje projektfas testades och utvärderades hela åtgärdspaketet genom implementering på ett pilotkontor. I en fjärde och sista projektfas implementerades förbättringsåtgärderna på samtliga 602 postutdelningskontor i landet och forskarna gjorde en utvärdering. Resultaten visar hur man genom att anlägga ett MTO-perspektiv i förändringsarbete ökar möjligheterna att få klarhet i vilka faktorer som påverkar effektiviteten i ett pro-duktionssystem i sin helhet. Den tvärvetenskapliga forskningssatsningen i kombination med samverkan forskare/praktiker visade sig vara en förutsättning för att skapa förståel-se för interaktionen mellan M-T-O-komponenterna. Avhandlingen visar vidare hur olika former för participation i praktiken kan bidra till framgångsrikt förändringsarbete både vad gäller process och resultat. Den utförliga redogörelsen för interventionsprocessen, forskarrollens skiftande karaktär samt hindrande och främjande faktorer för forskarstött förändringsarbete, utgör andra viktiga kunskapsbidrag. / This dissertation illuminates researcher-supported work for change within the “Postal Service Network”, the division within Posten Sverige AB with responsibility for mail distribution to customers. The intervention has been concerned with improving the work situation of 15,000 postmen. The theoretical foundation consists in a form of systems thinking in which the con-cept of Man-Technology-Organisation (MTO) is employed to scrutinise the intervention process. The overall aim of this dissertation is to contribute to the development of know-ledge in the arena of researcher-supported work for change. It proceeds on the basis of the following objectives 1) to illustrate how systems thinking in the change process influences understanding of how the system’s Man-Technology-Organisation (MTO) components interact in practice, 2) to exemplify how this knowledge can be transformed in practice through the development and implementation of MTO-adapted solutions into collaboration between researchers and practitioners, 3) to exemplify empirically how forms for participation can contribute to a successful change process through the analy-sis and synthesis of both process and results. The research project has been conducted interactively. The interactive approach has made it possible to illuminate collaboration between researchers and practitioners in a down-to-earth and realistic manner during four project phases spread over a five-year period. The introductory project phase involved diagnosis of the problem. A number of proposals for action were presented by the research team, which led on to researcher-supported developmental work during a second project phase when a basis for various improvement measures was created. This involved development of both a technical and work-organisational nature to achieve efficient and healthy work processes for postmen in mail distribution. At a third project phase the entire package of measures was tested and evaluated through implementation in a pilot office. At the fourth and final phase of the project the improvements were implemented in all 602 postal distribution offices in Sweden, and the researchers performed an evaluation. The results show how adopting an MTO perspective on work for change increases opportunities to obtain clarity with regard to which factors influence efficiency in a pro-duction system as a whole. The cross-disciplinary research approach, in combination with researcher/practitioner collaboration, proved to be a prerequisite for creating un-derstanding of the interaction between the MTO components. Further, the dissertation shows how different forms of participation in practice can contribute to successful work for change with regard to both process and results. The extensive reporting of the inter-vention process and accounts of the shifting nature of the researcher’s role and of hin-dering and promoting factors in researcher-supported work for change constitute other important contributions to knowledge.