A descriptive quantitative cross-sectional survey using convenience sampling was used to gather data with a self-administered questionnaire on a sample of 226 nurses. The study population included all registered nurses of Kabgayi District Hospital and Nyanza District Hospitals and their respective health centers. To be included, the nurses had to have suffered from WRLBP during the previous 6 months before data collection. The Nordic Back Pain Questionnaire, the Oswestry Disability Index and an open-ended questionnaire regarding perceived risk factors have been used. Descriptive statistics to summarize data and inferential statistics such as chi- square test to test the relationship between different variables of the study have been studied at 5% levels. Correlation coefficients in terms of cross-tabulation were also studied at 1% level of significance.

<p>Nursing is worldwide regarded as a high risk occupation for the development of work-related low back pain (WRLBP). LBP is one of the most common causes of disability, creating an important socio-economic problem in modern society. Studies report that more than 80% of&nbsp / workers suffer from WRLBP once in their occupational lives. Among nurses, the lifetime prevalence has been found to be higher, varying up to 90% of a nursing population. The current study aimed at determining the prevalence, perceived disability and contributing/risk factors to WRLBP among nurses in Rwanda, identifying the perceived contributing risk factors of WRLBP and intervention strategies received by those nurses. A descriptive quantitative cross-sectional survey using convenience sampling was used to gather data with a self-administered questionnaire on a sample of 226 nurses. The study population included all registered nurses of Kabgayi District Hospital and Nyanza District Hospitals and their respective health centers. To be included, the nurses had to have suffered from WRLBP during the previous 6 months before data collection. The Nordic Back Pain Questionnaire, the Oswestry Disability Index and an open-ended questionnaire regarding perceived risk factors have been used. Descriptive statistics to summarize data and inferential statistics such as chisquare test to test the relationship between different variables of the study have been studied at 5% levels. Correlation coefficients in terms of cross-tabulation were also studied at 1% level of significance. The current study highlights one-month prevalent rates of 70.4%, and one-week prevalent rates of 54.4%. WRLBP among nurses has been found to be significantly associated with gender according to the p-value of 0.007 among the studied variables, and good correlation coefficients between disability scores, together with the length of WRLBP and BMI with 0.0001, 0.0030 respectively. Nurses in the current study reported WRLBP as a result of a wide range of factors related to their work, manual handling being the major physical work activity exposing them to WRLBP. The perceived risk factors for WRLBP reported in this study were classified into 4 categories. The first category included work positional factors such as standing, sitting, bending, and awkward work postures. The second group included work-related nursing tasks such as lifting patients and items at work, repositioning and transferring patients, bed making, washing patients, and many others. In the third group, psychosocial factors like poor relationship with colleagues, work pressure and reduced job satisfaction have been listed. Finally, some non-occupational factors such as aging, pregnancy, menstruation, history of back pain, being female and body built have also been perceived as contributing factors to WRLBP. The Oswestry Disability Index demonstrated a mild to moderate disability due to WRLBP in this group of nurses. WRLBP has a negative impact in health services due to activity limitation, lost time and lowered productivity. The study concludes that nurses must be protected from ergonomic work stressors, and improvement of awareness of&nbsp / urses with regards to ergonomic stressors seems to be crucial. However, an effort by different parties concerned with the problem at all levels in Rwanda is needed. The government of Rwanda, through the Ministry of Health in particular, will be recommended to put strategies in place for the management, reduction and prevention of WRLBP amongst health workers, especially in the nursing population.</p>

Antalet människor som känner sig stressade idag stiger i takt med det ökade tempot och de höga kraven både i samhället och inom arbetslivet. Därför är det viktigt att identifiera framgångsrika sätt att motverka och reducera stress. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka individer som bedöms arbeta i en stressfylld miljö men som inte anses påverkas negativt av stress. Vi ville undersöka vad dessa människor gör och hur de tänker när de hanterar en stressfylld situation på arbetsplatsen. Vi ville också undersöka vilka andra faktorer som påverkar deras förmåga att hantera stress samt hur de lärt sig att hantera stressfyllda situationer. Som datainsamlingsmetod har vi använt oss av intervjuer och vår studie baseras på sex stycken respondenter, vi gjorde ett bekvämlighets- samt snöbollsurval. Resultatet visar att dessa personer skapar struktur, accepterar situationen, behåller lugnet och tänker positivt för att klara av stressfyllda situationer i sin yrkesroll. Faktorer som påverkar deras förmåga att hantera dessa situationer visade sig vara synen på stress, personliga egenskaper, det sociala nätverket och graden av separation mellan arbete och fritid. Resultatet visar också att respondenterna lärt sig hantera stressfyllda situationer väl genom erfarenheter samt att de, till viss del, alltid haft den förmågan.

Syftet med denna studie var att analysera anmälda arbetsolyckor inom sjöfarten utefter frekvens och konsekvens och således kunna dra slutsatser om vilka arbetsolyckor som är allvarligast. Studiens syfte var också att finna eventuella samband mellan dessa olyckor. Efter kontakt med Sjöfartens arbetsmiljönämnd beställdes statistik från Arbetsmiljöverket. Denna statistik bearbetades på olika vis, bland annat genom att stora avgränsningar gjordes gällande typ av befattning ombord. Efter att ha studerat hur förutsättningarna för anmälan av arbetsskada förändrats valdes relevanta år. Resultatet av studien visar att när en person snubblar, halkar, trampar snett eller går tungt leder det i många fall till lång sjukfrånvaro. Det är också denna typ av olyckor som sker oftast. Att en person förlorar kontroll över föremål eller utrustning för förflyttning av material är också något som sker ofta och leder till lång sjukfrånvaro. Det enda riktiga samband som hittats är att den yttre faktorn tross (förtöjningslina/grovt tågvirke) förekommer i flera arbetsolyckor med olika konsekvens och orsak. / The purpose of this thesis was to analyse the reported work-related accidents in shipping by using frequency combined with consequence. Thereafter the purpose was to reach conclusions regarding which work-related accident was the most serious. The thesis also aimed to find if there were any connections between these accidents. Statistics were ordered from the Swedish Work Environment Authority. These statistics were processed in several ways, for instance demarcations regarding position onboard was made. Since the conditions of reporting workrelated accidents had changed during time, relevant years was chosen after consideration. The result of the study shows that when a person experiences an accident where he or she stumbles, trips, slips or treads heavily, the person is more likely to have a long sick-leave. These types of accidents are also the most common ones. To lose control of equipment or to lose control of equipment used to move material is also a common accident leading to a long sickleave. The only connection found is that the external factor hawser is present at several accidents with different consequences and cause.

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Bakgrund: Arbetsfrånvaro och långtidssjukskrivningar på grund av arbetsrelaterad stress och psykisk ohälsa ökar. Dess effekter påverkar både individen, organisationen och samhället. Ett bra fungerande arbetsliv bidrar till folkhälsan både genom att minska den arbetsrelaterade ohälsan och de sociala skillnaderna i ohälsa.Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva effekter av interventioner vid arbetsrelaterad stress.Metod: Denna studie var en litteraturstudie där tio vetenskapliga artiklar granskades. Artiklarna analyserades, sammanfattades och delades in i tre teman. Resultaten beskrivs med hjälp av dessa tre teman.Reslutat: Vår studie visade att de vanligaste effekterna av interventioner vid arbetsrelaterad stress var förändringar i stressnivåer, ökad kunskap och förståelse för arbetsrelaterad stress samt ökat stöd, förändrade beteenden och attityder. Kognitiv beteendeterapi, avslappningsövningar och aktivt lyssnande var metoder som visade sig vara effektiva.Slutsats: Förändringar i stressnivå, ökad kunskap och förståelse samt ökat stöd, förändrade beteenden och attityder visade sig vara de viktigaste effekterna av interventioner vid arbetsrelaterad stress. Genom att kombinera interventioner på både individ- och organisationsnivå kan resultatet bli både effektivt och långsiktigt. / Background: The levels of absenteeism and long term disability due to work-related stress and mental health problem are increasing. It affects the individual, organization and society. A well-functioning workplace contributes to public health, with both reductions in work-related illnesses and social inequalities in health. Aim: The aim of this study is to describe the effects of interventions on work-related stress. Methods: This study was a literature study in which ten scientific articles were reviewed. The articles were analyzed, summarized and divided into three themes. The results were described using these three themes. Results: We found in our study that the most common effects of the interventions on work-related stress proved to be change in stress levels, increased knowledge and understanding of work-related stress and increased support, attitude and behavior change. Conclusion: Changes in levels of stress, increased knowledge and understanding as well as increased support, changing behaviors and attitudes proved to be the most important effects of interventions of work-related stress. By combining interventions at both individual and organizational levels, the result can be both effective and sustainable.

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The purpose of this thesis was to look at the relationship between the experiences of work related stress among male bank employees and how they dealt with potential stress. The thesis focused on male bank employee’s experiences and management of work related stress with the control requirements and support model as a starting point. Work related stress is a phenomenon that has become a serious problem with economic impact for both the individual and organizations. Increased absence from work due to medical issues is one example of such consequences. The study is based on a field survey at a bank office located in a municipality in the middle part of Sweden. Four male bank employees were interviewed. The result of the study showed that working conditions affected how the men experienced and dealt with work related stress. The conclusion was that a lack of demands, control and support in the workplace affected the personal life, and this imbalance could lead to stress. In order to deal with the work related stress, the bank employees tried to take control over their work situation and after work they dealt with the stress by exercising and dog-walks to name a few examples.

South Africa currently has one pharmacist per 3849 of the population, which is considerably below the recommendation of one per 2300 of the population. Pharmacists are under a lot of pressure to perform at a certain level with not much to aid them in their day-to-day duties and their psychological needs. If pharmacists‟ stress levels are not managed, their physical and mental health may be compromised, as may their patients‟ safety. The construct of basic need satisfaction may be useful to gain insight in employees‟ functioning and to examine the motivational potential of organisational factors. Information about the need satisfaction of pharmacy employees is important as it may heighten the functioning and productivity of employees to a degree which will reduce costs connected with stress and turnover. This information will aid organisations to create environments that lessen the stress and turnover intentions of employees, thereby reducing the costs related to stress and turnover. The aims of this research were divided into general and specific aims. The general aim of this study was to investigate work related basic need satisfaction and flourishing of employees in a corporate pharmacy environment. A cross-sectional survey design was used. Data was collected through questionnaires in the empirical investigation, namely the Work-related Basic Need Satisfaction Scale (W-BNS) and the Mental Health Continuum Short-Form (MHC-SF). The study sample was compiled from a corporate retail pharmacy group. The satisfaction of the need for relatedness reflected as the most prominent result of the three basic psychological needs. Respondents mostly chose “agree” (mean = 3.9) on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 which is totally disagree to 5 which is totally agree. This indicates that employees feel that their need for relatedness is being satisfied. Respondents that flourish and are moderately mentally healthy differ in how they feel with regard to the satisfaction of their needs for autonomy and relatedness. It was thus shown that the levels of need satisfaction for autonomy and relatedness of flourishing employees are higher than those of the moderately mentally healthy employees. Recommendations for further research are made. / MPham (Pharmacy Practice, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014