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Robotic manipulators for limited access workspaces, or LAWS robots, must operate in unalterable, confined environments accessed through constrictive portals. The characteristics of these robots distinguish them from the currently accepted classes of industrial robots and field robots and evoke a particular design strategy. Special consideration must be given to the ability of the LAWS manipulator to service a target workspace while constrained within the boundaries of a confined environment. The limited access to the environment also imposes restrictions on the size and shape of the manipulator. This thesis characterizes LAWS robots and develops a strategy for designing them. This strategy is then applied to the design of a LAWS robot for steam generator maintenance in nuclear power plants. The calibration of a LAWS robot is also discussed. Applications for robots that can operate in limited access workspaces exist in the nuclear, construction, mining, and medical industries, among others. This thesis provides, for the first time, a specific set of guidelines to aid in the design of such robots. / Master of Science

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In the staffing agency business, the responsibility of the working environment are divided between the client companies and the staffing agencies. Therefore the temporary workers should be double protected, but the consequences are that the responsibility of the working environment falls between the cracks in many businesses.The purpose of the essay is to examine how the workers in industrial businesses from the staffing agency are protected by the shared responsibility that exists between the client companies and the staffing agencies, regarding work environment. To be able to answer this questions, the legal method is used.The conclusion of this essay is that the temporary workers are protected by the Work Environment Act, stating that the staffing agency and the client company have a responsibility for the employee´s work environment. Since the staffing agency is the employer, they have the largest work environment responsibility. This means, however, that staffing agencies are in a special situation because they are not in the place where the employee works. Since the client company is equated with an employer according to 1 § SAM, the systematic work environment is shared equally between the client companies and staffing agencies. On the grounds that there is a lack of clarity concerning who is responsible for what from the both parties, it leads to that the working environment responsibility are neglected. It also depends on the fierce competition that exists between various staffing companies today, which means that staffing companies do not always take part of the client companies' risk assessments or requirements on the grounds that they are afraid of losing the customer. This results that the temporary employees do not get the protection that the Work Environment Act is intended to give them.

På grund av den ständigt ökande ohälsan på arbetsplatser orsakad av faktorer i den organisatoriska och sociala arbetsmiljön har arbetsmiljöverket tagit fram nya föreskrifter, AFS 2015:4. Förutom att arbetsgivares och arbetsledares ansvar för arbetsmiljön poängteras nämns även skyddsombud som en viktig resurs. Studiens syfte är att undersöka om skyddsombud inom socialpsykiatrin upplevt att föreskrifterna påverkat det systematiska arbetsmiljöarbetet, vilken betydelse arbetsledaren har i den psykosociala arbetsmiljön samt i vilken grad de själva är involverade i det systematiska arbetsmiljöarbetet. Det teoretiska ramverket bestod främst av AFS 2015:4 men även av tidigare forskning och gällande teorier. Metoden var kvalitativ och sju skyddsombud inom socialpsykiatrin intervjuades. Resultatet visar att arbetsledaren upplevs som betydelsefull i den psykosociala arbetsmiljön, att de nya riktlinjerna inte influerat det systematiska arbetsmiljöarbetet samt att skyddsombuden upplevde sig delaktiga i det systematiska arbetsmiljöarbetet. Ett förslag till framtida forskning är att utöka studien med större antal skyddsombud på slumpvis utvalda arbetsplatser.

<p>Abstract</p><p>The aim of this study was to illuminate and collect existing research from the beginning of the 21 st century about nurses work environment in institutional and elderly care in Sweden.</p><p>A literature review was made by analyzing eleven scientific articles. The result showed mainly information about nurses work load. The information dealt with high work demands, too much responsibility, shortage of staff, time press and stress. Furthermore nurses reported a lack of co-operation between staff and management. An important part in nurses’ work was appreciation from colleagues, management, patients and relatives. Nurses even wanted to participate more in decisions about their work situation and demanded higher salaries. Wishes were expressed about more education, possibilities in their professional careers, supervision and personal development. Downsizing of staff and limited resources were believed to lead to decreased quality of care. Only in one study something about physical work environment was mentioned, i.e. worry about chemical or other work environmental problems. In conclusion nurses experienced shortcomings in their work environment and demanded improvements. These shortcomings supposed to lead to decreased quality of care.</p><p>Keywords: nurse, nursing profession, work environment.</p> / <p>Sammanfattning</p><p>Syftet med studien var att belysa och sammanställa befintlig forskning från 2000-talet om sjuksköterskors arbetsmiljö inom slutenvård och äldreomsorgen i Sverige. En litteraturstudie gjordes där elva vetenskapliga artiklar analyserades. Resultatet visade huvudsakligen uppgifter om sjuksköterskors arbetsbörda. Uppgifterna handlade om höga arbetskrav, för mycket ansvar, personalbrist, tidspress och stress. Sjuksköterskor rapporterade dessutom om dåligt samarbete mellan ledning och personal. Uppskattning från kollegor, chefer, patienter och anhöriga visade sig vara en viktig del i sjuksköterskors arbete. De ville också vara mera delaktiga i beslut om sin arbetssituation. En önskan om högre löner, mer fortbildning och möjligheter i yrkeskarriären samt om handledning och personlig utveckling uttrycktes. Personalnedskärningar och begränsade resurser antogs leda till försämrad vårdkvalitet. Endast en studie rapporterade om fysisk arbetsmiljö, nämligen oro för kemiska eller andra miljöproblem. Sammanfattningsvis upplevde sjuksköterskorna brister i arbetsmiljön och efterlyser förbättringar. Bristerna antogs försämra vårdkvaliteten.</p><p>Nyckelord: sjuksköterskor, sjuksköterskeyrket, arbetsmiljö.</p>

Abstract The aim of this study was to illuminate and collect existing research from the beginning of the 21 st century about nurses work environment in institutional and elderly care in Sweden. A literature review was made by analyzing eleven scientific articles. The result showed mainly information about nurses work load. The information dealt with high work demands, too much responsibility, shortage of staff, time press and stress. Furthermore nurses reported a lack of co-operation between staff and management. An important part in nurses’ work was appreciation from colleagues, management, patients and relatives. Nurses even wanted to participate more in decisions about their work situation and demanded higher salaries. Wishes were expressed about more education, possibilities in their professional careers, supervision and personal development. Downsizing of staff and limited resources were believed to lead to decreased quality of care. Only in one study something about physical work environment was mentioned, i.e. worry about chemical or other work environmental problems. In conclusion nurses experienced shortcomings in their work environment and demanded improvements. These shortcomings supposed to lead to decreased quality of care. Keywords: nurse, nursing profession, work environment. / Sammanfattning Syftet med studien var att belysa och sammanställa befintlig forskning från 2000-talet om sjuksköterskors arbetsmiljö inom slutenvård och äldreomsorgen i Sverige. En litteraturstudie gjordes där elva vetenskapliga artiklar analyserades. Resultatet visade huvudsakligen uppgifter om sjuksköterskors arbetsbörda. Uppgifterna handlade om höga arbetskrav, för mycket ansvar, personalbrist, tidspress och stress. Sjuksköterskor rapporterade dessutom om dåligt samarbete mellan ledning och personal. Uppskattning från kollegor, chefer, patienter och anhöriga visade sig vara en viktig del i sjuksköterskors arbete. De ville också vara mera delaktiga i beslut om sin arbetssituation. En önskan om högre löner, mer fortbildning och möjligheter i yrkeskarriären samt om handledning och personlig utveckling uttrycktes. Personalnedskärningar och begränsade resurser antogs leda till försämrad vårdkvalitet. Endast en studie rapporterade om fysisk arbetsmiljö, nämligen oro för kemiska eller andra miljöproblem. Sammanfattningsvis upplevde sjuksköterskorna brister i arbetsmiljön och efterlyser förbättringar. Bristerna antogs försämra vårdkvaliteten. Nyckelord: sjuksköterskor, sjuksköterskeyrket, arbetsmiljö.