Sveriges befolkning lever allt längre och därav har en ny överenskommelse gällande pension utformats för att kunna upprätthålla den svenska ekonomin. Pensionsåldern kommer att höjas och för att äldre ska orka arbeta längre behövs en god arbetsmotivation och rätt förutsättningar. Syftet med denna studie var därför att undersöka vad äldre arbetstagare upplever som viktigt för att orka och vilja arbeta längre. Nio semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med arbetstagare över 60 år som var yrkesverksamma inom olika branscher. Intervjuerna analyserades med en induktiv tematisk analys. Äldre arbetstagare motiveras framförallt av inre motivationsfaktorer som trivsel på arbetsplatsen och goda relationer till kollegor. Ett fortsatt arbetsliv kan enligt respondenterna också påverkas av delaktighet och utvecklingsmöjligheter på arbetsplatsen. Möjligheten till utveckling i arbetet kan påverkas av de förutsättningar som arbetstagaren ges men arbetstagaren har samtidigt ett eget ansvar att ta till vara på utvecklingsmöjligheterna. / The population of Sweden tends to live longer and therefore a new agreement about the retirement age has been designed to maintain the Swedish economy. The retirement age will increase and to make older employees cope with a longer worklife it´s important to maintain a good work motivation and also give the employees the right conditions to be able to work longer. The purpose of this study was therefore to study what employees perceive as important to be able and willing to work longer. Nine semi-structured interviews were performed with employees over 60 years old and were professionals in different industries. The interviews were analysed with an inductive thematic analysis. Older employees are primarily motivated by intrinsic factors such as well-being at work and good relations with colleagues. Participation and development opportunities were important factors to be able to work longer. The opportunity for development at work can be affected by the conditions given to the employee, but the employee also has his own responsibility to take advantage of the development opportunities

The purpose of the essay is to investigate how employees have experienced telework during covid 19. All people around the world were affected and still are today in different ways of the largest virus infection to date in modern times where healthcare was one of the activities most heavily burdened. However, the pandemic also affected other industries and organizations as it put many employees in homework full time where all communication had to be handled digitally. On the one hand, it brought with it opportunities in the form of many organizations and individuals being pushed in the right direction towards their goal of an innovative workplace and a more flexible way of working. On the other hand, the employees had different conditions for succeeding in carrying out an equivalent work from home as in the office regarding the family situation, network connection or other elements that required the employee's attention. The employees' different working conditions affected their work effort and approach where they had different strategies for success in an equal way as in an office environment. It has also emerged that women seem to have experienced distance work more positively compared with men as they have seen the possibility in a more flexible everyday life of dealing with family, households, and children. Men, on the other hand, have looked differently at the situation where they have been bothered to a greater extent by the sounds of the surroundings and other disturbing elements.  With the help of a quantitative survey, we examined the area of telework and focused on an employee perspective. We wonder if the employee has achieved a greater "worklife balance" or if it has resulted in the opposite. Everyone has their own picture of how covid-19 changed their work situation over a period of two years, but the technology has also opened up opportunities for the future. The survey was constructed based on our basic idea that teleworking for employees entailed both obstacles and opportunities. But we also want to investigate whether the result differs depending on gender or conditions such as living space and number of people in the household. The questionnaire was sent out via social media in a random sample to reach out to many and get a broad target group of those who responded. The common denominator for our respondents, however, is that they have all gone from being tied to a workplace to having started working remotely.  In our theoretical framework, we have used models such as Robert Karasek's requirements, control and support, Ulrich Beck's theory of the risk society and Anne Grönlund's theory of the “honey trap”. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of teleworking based on our theories, articles, and models with the help of our self-constructed quantitative study.  To extend our questions and give a deeper picture of the main purpose of the essay, we formed three hypotheses based on them. All dealt with the content of the issues, but with an in-depth study of specific areas where during the course of the essay we noticed a greater difference between, for example, gender, borderless work and mental illness. The hypotheses were: "telework has created more limitless work", "women have experienced a greater flexibility than men in telework" and "telework has resulted in mental illness in employees".

This phenomenological study explores the lived experiences of five individuals who shifted their work and career from the business world to the nonprofit service sector. Through in-depth personal accounts, I show how the research participants made sense of "work" and "career" as they moved through, and after they completed the transition out of the business setting; and the degree to which their subjective experiences in the nonprofit work environment transformed their prior perspectives on "work life" and "career" that had been shaped by their experiences in the business world. According to the literature of subjective career development (how people shape their personal identity through their work over a lifetime) and transformative learning (how people change their worldview perspective to accommodate significant changes in their life circumstances), people who shift from business careers to nonprofit jobs are likely to be confounded by certain realities in the nonprofit world that cannot be readily understood or explained through past experience in the business workplace. The real-life personal stories of five such career shifters manifest clear differences in the "discourse of work and career" across the two sectors, resulting in an apparent disorienting paradox between the profit-driven "business mindset" (where the fundamental motivation is survival of the enterprise and objective personal advancement) and the mission-driven "nonprofit worldview" (where the fundamental motivation is service for a better world and subjective personal meaning-making). An analysis of these paradoxes of discourse suggests that the mission-driven nonprofit discourse ("we work for a better world") offers a valuable and constructive counterpoint to the more dominant enterprise-driven business discourse ("we work to sustain the company") that pervades the organizational landscape of our society. The implications of these findings as reviewed in the last chapter are significant for policy, practice and research in both nonprofit management and business organizational development. The work concludes with the suggestion that the nonprofit mindset opens the possibility for re-orienting one's "career" to a life-long process of self-actualization, where one works to find meaning and purpose through making a difference toward improving quality of life for a better world.

Syfte. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka kvinnors upplevelser av att ha PMS i arbetslivet. Målet med studien var att beskriva vilka faktorer som är centrala i detta samt eventuella behov kopplade till upplevelsen. Metod. Studien använde kvalitativ ansats och semistrukturerad intervju och tematisk analys som metod. 6 yrkesaktiva kvinnor mellan 26–42 år med regelbunden PMS rekryterades i ett ändamålsenligt tillgänglighetsurval för att bäst fånga in studiens syfte och frågeställning. Resultat. Analysen resulterade i följande huvudteman; 1) Kunskap är nyckeln till förståelse, 2) Sociala faktorer försvårar och underlättar, 3) Belastningar ökar och 4) Anpassningar hjälper. Kunskap om ämnet rapporterades som en viktig grundförutsättning för att hantera PMS. Belastningar i arbetet upplevdes öka under PMS samtidigt som sociala faktorer både försvårade och underlättade upplevelsen. Anpassningar av arbetsupplägget och i arbetsmiljön efterfrågades samt upplevdes vara hjälpsamma vid PMS. Slutsats. Att arbeta med PMS upplevs vara belastande och kunna leda till stress och utmattningsproblematik. Hjälpsamma anpassningar vid PMS erfordras och behöver föregås av dialog på arbetsplatsen, vilket i sin tur kräver kunskapsutveckling om PMS inom organisationen / Purpose. The aim of the study was to examine women's experiences of having PMS in the worklife. The goal was to describe which factors are central and which needs are related to them. Method. The study was qualitative and specific methods were semi structured interviews and thematic analysis. 6 participants were recruited through expedient and availability selection. The participants were working females, aged 26–42, with regular PMS. Results. Main themes in the analysis were; 1) Knowledge is the key to understanding, 2)Social factors complicate and facilitate, 3) Strains increase, and 4) Adjustments helps. Knowledge about PMS is necessary in order to cope. Strains within the work context were experienced as higher during PMS. Social factors at work were reported to both obstruct and ease symptoms whilst adaptations in the workplace were requested and helpful. Conclusion. To work during PMS is experienced as burdensome and can possibly cause stress and burnout. Helpful adjustments during PMS is required but needs to be preceded by conversation at the workplace, which in its turn is required to be preceded by increased knowledge within the organization.

The integration of work and family continues to be a challenge for women and men of the academy (Gatta & Roos, 2004). Much of the research on worklife balance in the post-secondary education setting focuses on the lives of instructional faculty (Bailyn, 2003; Bassett, 2005; Drago et al., 2006; Drago & Williams, 2000; Gatta & Roos, 2004; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999; Ward & Wolf-Wendel, 2004). There is also a need to understand how university administrators juggle the demands of work and personal life. The primary purpose of this phenomenological inquiry was to make meaning of the lived experiences of mid-level student affairs administrators by examining worklife balance. A secondary purpose was to gather administrator perceptions of their environment to gain insight into infrastructures that may promote or hinder worklife balance efforts. Respondents consisted of 30 mid-level student affairs administrators from an array of post-secondary institutions across the United States. Data were generated from semi-structured telephone interviews and two projection exercises. Findings suggest that mid-level student affairs administrators describe their worklife experiences as driven by a shortage of time. Administrators maintain that time is a limited resource that causes difficulty when juggling competing worklife demands. Their involvement in multiple, interdependent roles is rewarding but presents ongoing personal and professional challenges. Administrators report that shortage of time, coupled with the demands of multiple roles impacts personal well-being and career satisfaction. Mid-level student affairs administrators also identified environmental infrastructures that promote and/or hinder worklife efforts in the context of several cultural dynamics. Formal and informal support mechanisms such as policies, programs and resources, effective supervision and campus support networks assist administrators in mitigating worklife challenges. This is in contrast to expectations, behaviors, and values that reinforce unhealthy workplace norms. In addition, the lack of organizational policies and programs and poor supervision also hindered worklife efforts. / Ph. D.

En kvantitativ enkätstudie genomfördes med syftet att undersöka om självdisciplin, yrkesrelaterad kognitiv self-efficacy och yrkesrelaterad social self-efficacy kan predicera motivation på arbetsplatsen. Därtill kontrollerades deltagarnas kön, ålder och utbildningsnivå. Deltagarna rekryterades genom kontaktpersoner på tre olika företag i södra Sverige. Totala deltagarantalet blev 40 personer. Studien innefattade två hypoteser som testades genom en multipel regression, korrelationsanalys samt en envägsanova. Hypotes 1 var följande: Social och kognitiv self-efficacy samt självdisciplin är prediktorer till motivation på arbetsplatsen. Hypotes 2 var: Det finns en korrelation mellan kön, ålder eller utbildningsnivå och motivation på arbetsplatsen. Regressionsanalysen visade ett signifikant resultat och att självdisciplin är en valid prediktor till motivation på arbetsplatsen. Ingen annan variabel visade ett signifikant resultat i de olika statistiska testerna. Detta diskuteras vidare då resultatet delvis stödjer tidigare forskning och teorier. Efter metodologiska övervägande och slutsatser kan resultatet inte generaliseras till övriga populationen (arbetare) i Sverige utan härleds endast till deltagarna som utgör urvalet i denna studie. / A quantitative survey was conducted with the purpose to investigate if selfdiscipline, occupational cognitive self-efficacy and occupational social selfefficacy can predict motivation at work. The participants age, gender and education level were also controlled. The participants were recruited through contacts at three different companies in southern Sweden. The number of participants were 40. The study had two hypothesis that was tested through a multiple regression, correlation analysis and a one-way anova. Hypothesis 1 was: Social and cognitive self-efficacy as well as self-discipline are predictors of motivation in the workplace. Hypothesis 2 was: There is a correlation between gender, age or level of education and motivation in the workplace. The regression analysis showed a significant result and self-discipline as a valid predictor to motivation at work. The other variables did not show a significant result. It leaded to a discussion due to that the result partly supports previous research and theories. After methodological considerations and conclusions, the result cannot be generalised to the population (company workers) in Sweden, it can only derive to the participants in the sample of this study.

Background: Today ’s organizations receive increasing pressure from society and workers to maintain good work life balance. Flexible working arrangement is one of the HRM policies to improve employee’s work performance, job satisfaction and retention. Prior discussion still does not find the clear result on the positive effect of FWAs. Due to the administrative burdens, many organizations, especially SMEs are still hesitant to introduce such policies. In this study, the authors examine the effects on FWAs on employee’s improved engagement. The study will take a form of replicative study, and focus is on leader endorsement and feeling of respect in relation to leader prototypicality. Moreover, different circumstances of informal FWA based on size of the organization is explored. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to make contribution to create a cumulative knowledge on FWA studies by testing the generalization of a prior study. The result of this study will ultimately have an implication for how organizations may benefit from allowing their employees to have access to FWAs. Methodology:In this study, the authors use statistical approach to test the effect of FWA on employee’s improved feelings and the leader endorsement in relation to leader prototypicality. The research approach, measures, method and model are designed to be exactly same as Koivisto and Rice, (2016) however one change in research context is made, which is number of employees in the company. Conclusion: The result of the study shows that FWA allowance may not have significant influence on subordinates’ feeling of respect and leader endorsement. This implies the difficulty for leaders to use FWA as a tool to influence employee commitment on shared goal. Moreover, difference between prior finding indicates that FWA study may need to be separated for different size of the company. / <p></p><p></p>

This study aimed to determine whether different sources of social support play different roles in moderating job insecurity and its outcomes, identify which source of support is more important and whether there are gender differences in terms of interest variables between men and women. This research was intended to support business actors and employees from the trade, tourism, and hotel sectors by providing the necessary support to manage the consequences of work-family interference, job satisfaction, and turnover intentions associated with job insecurity. Data was collected by sending a questionnaire that included information about the study and how the data will be handled and several questions from several well-established survey scales (N=220). The study found no interaction between job insecurity and social support – neither from supervisors nor colleagues. The hypothesized moderating effect of sources of support generally, and previous findings about supervisors being a more important source of support were therefore not supported in this study. Also, although gender differences on the variables of interest in this study could be seen, none of it was statistically significant. The results of the regression analyses show that different combinations of job insecurity and sources of social support predict the outcome variables.

[Truncated abstract] It is essential to attract, recruit and retain quality teachers in rural and remote schools for provision of quality education to rural and remote students. A robust body of research confirms that teacher quality contributes to quality of education (Darling-Hammond, 2000; Hay McBer, 2000; Kaplan & Owings, 2002; OECD, 2002; Ramsay, 2000). Staffing histories of rural and remote schools identify persistent difficulties in recruiting and retaining teachers, but previous research has failed to address the experiences and perspectives of rural and remote teachers from the earliest phases of appointment, tracking their experiences over time. In times and places of persistent teacher shortages, teacher quality of worklife issues are paramount. Factors impacting on teacher quality of worklife may impact on teacher retention, staffing levels and ultimately the quality of education for children. For these reasons, this study aimed to develop substantive theory about the experiences of teachers commencing appointments in rural and remote schools by investigating the perspectives of novice, interstate and overseas-qualified teachers. The study sought to develop understandings of rural and remote teachers quality of worklife. In order to achieve this aime, the experiences of 29 teachers were examined, in four categories of teachers likely to be appointed to rural and remote locations: young novices; mature-aged novices; interstate; and overseas-qualified teachers in a qualitative collective case study. ... Awareness of the variety of factors in multiple environments, and the complex interplay between them, helps to account for the diversity of perspectives and quality of worklife outcomes for rural and remote teachers. Two theories were generated from ten propositions. The first theory, Quality of Worklife for Rural and Remote Teachers: Person-Environment Fit to Multiple Environments, identified protective and risk factors associated with workrole, workplace, organisation, geographic and socio-cultural community environments. The theory recognises spillover between work and non-work life experiences, impacting on quality of teacher worklife; however, factors directly associated with worklife impacted most significantly on quality of worklife. The second theory, Processes of Adaptation to Multiple Rural and Remote Environments, identified processes (teacher expectations, evaluations of environments, responses to environments) and coping strategies (direct-action, palliative and avoidant) as leading to one of four outcomes: integration; resilient integration; disequilibrium; and withdrawal. The case study findings offer original understandings of experiences of teachers newly appointed to rural and remote schools, through the development of theory about multiple environments teachers encounter and processes of adaptation associated with their relocation to rural and remote areas. The findings have implications for theory, policy and practice, and contribute new dimensions to the general quality of worklife literature.

No description available.