Kochia and biennial wormwood are two weeds sometimes found growing in sunflower fields that may be difficult to control. Weed management in sunflowers is usually conducted using a combination of herbicides and mechanical weed control methods. Some farmers are growing sunflowers in reduced tillage systems, which may rely solely on herbicides to manage weeds; however, the spectrum of broadleaf weeds that can be controlled with herbicides is limited. Field experiments were conducted across southern Manitoba to determine the effect of kochia and biennial wormwood density and relative time of weed seedling recruitment on sunflower growth and development, yield and seed quality and to determine action thresholds for each weed. Early emerging kochia (plants that emerged at about the same time as the sunflowers) reduced sunflower yield by as much as 82%, which was greater than early emerging biennial wormwood plants, which reduced yield by as much as 27%. At low weed densities, each kochia plant reduced sunflower yield by 0.52% and each biennial wormwood plant reduced sunflower yield by 0.17%. As the density of early emerging kochia plants increased, sunflower height, stem diameter, leaf counts and head diameter were reduced in some of the experiments. Increasing densities of early emerging biennial wormwood plants had minimal effect on sunflower growth and development. Early emerging kochia and biennial wormwood plants both had the potential to reduce sunflower seed size and seed weight, while late emerging kochia and biennial wormwood (plants that emerged after the 4-leaf stage of the sunflowers) did not affect sunflower seed quality. The action threshold (5% sunflower yield loss) for early emerging kochia was 10 plants per metre square and the action threshold for early emerging biennial wormwood was 36 plants per square metre in the combined site-year analysis. Kochia or biennial wormwood plants that recruited after the 4-leaf stage of the sunflower crop did not affect sunflower yield, or seed quality.

Kochia and biennial wormwood are two weeds sometimes found growing in sunflower fields that may be difficult to control. Weed management in sunflowers is usually conducted using a combination of herbicides and mechanical weed control methods. Some farmers are growing sunflowers in reduced tillage systems, which may rely solely on herbicides to manage weeds; however, the spectrum of broadleaf weeds that can be controlled with herbicides is limited. Field experiments were conducted across southern Manitoba to determine the effect of kochia and biennial wormwood density and relative time of weed seedling recruitment on sunflower growth and development, yield and seed quality and to determine action thresholds for each weed. Early emerging kochia (plants that emerged at about the same time as the sunflowers) reduced sunflower yield by as much as 82%, which was greater than early emerging biennial wormwood plants, which reduced yield by as much as 27%. At low weed densities, each kochia plant reduced sunflower yield by 0.52% and each biennial wormwood plant reduced sunflower yield by 0.17%. As the density of early emerging kochia plants increased, sunflower height, stem diameter, leaf counts and head diameter were reduced in some of the experiments. Increasing densities of early emerging biennial wormwood plants had minimal effect on sunflower growth and development. Early emerging kochia and biennial wormwood plants both had the potential to reduce sunflower seed size and seed weight, while late emerging kochia and biennial wormwood (plants that emerged after the 4-leaf stage of the sunflowers) did not affect sunflower seed quality. The action threshold (5% sunflower yield loss) for early emerging kochia was 10 plants per metre square and the action threshold for early emerging biennial wormwood was 36 plants per square metre in the combined site-year analysis. Kochia or biennial wormwood plants that recruited after the 4-leaf stage of the sunflower crop did not affect sunflower yield, or seed quality.

Aminocyclopyrachlor was developed for invasive weed control in non-cropland. Weed control, soil dissipation, and seedling grass tolerance with aminocyclopyrachlor were evaluated in field and greenhouse trials. Weed control was evaluated with aminocyclopyrachlor applied at 70 to 210 g ha-1. Absinth wormwood was controlled when treated during vegetative growth, but yellow toadflax was only controlled at flowering. Aminocyclopyrachlor alone did not control houndstongue. Aminocyclopyrachlor dissipation generally increased as either soil moisture or temperature increased. The DT50 values ranged from 3 to > 112 d. Aminocyclopyrachlor applied to cool season grasses at 91 to 112 g ha-1 provided adequate weed control and was safe for use on intermediate wheatgrass, but injured western wheatgrass. Efficacy to green needlegrass could not be determined. Big bluestem, sideoats grama, and switchgrass were difficult to evaluate due to poor grass establishment, but minimal injury was observed when aminocyclopyrachlor was applied at 91 to 168 g ha-1.

Pagrindinis šio tyrimo tikslas buvo įvertinti karčiojo kiečio vandeninio ekstrakto protekcinį poveikį kepenims, inkstams, širdžiai ir smegenims eksperimentiniame modelyje in vivo, veikiant kadmiu. Tyrimams atrinkta Švenčionių rajone surinkta karčiojo kiečio vaistinė augalinė žaliava, kurioje nustatyta mažiausia kadmio koncentracija (0,215±0,100 µg/g) lyginant su žaliavomis iš Vilkaviškio ir Ukmergės rajonų bei su augaline žaliava įsigyta vaistinėje. Siekiant įvertinti karčiojo kiečio protekcinį poveikį pasirinktas eksperimentinis modelis in vivo, kurį sudarė karčiojo kiečio vandeninio ekstrakto paruošimas, kontrolinės ir tiriamųjų grupių sudarymas, fiziologinių rodiklių vertinimas, organų mėginių paėmimas, mineralizavimas ir toksikologinė analizė. Tyrimui pasirinkti subrendę Wistar linijos žiurkių patinai. Kontrolinės grupės žiurkės 30 d. iš eilės buvo girdomos geriamuoju vandeniu ad libitum, Cd grupės žiurkės - kadmio chlorido vandeniniu tirpalu (2 mg/l) ad libitum, Cd+KKVE grupės žiurkės - kadmio chlorido vandeniniu tirpalu (2 mg/l) ad libitum ir karčiojo kiečio vandeniniu ekstraktu 200 mg/kg/d per os. Eutanazija atlikta 31 eksperimento dieną. Paimti kepenų, inkstų, širdies ir smegenų mėginiai mineralizuoti naudojant mineralizatorių „Multiwave 3000“. Kadmio koncentracijos nustatymas atliktas „Perkin-Elmer Zeeman 3030“ elektroterminiu atominiu absorbciniu spektrofotometru. Kadmio koncentracijos vidurkis kontrolinės grupės žiurkių kepenyse buvo 0,012±0,006 µg/g, Cd grupės –... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The main objective was to assess wormwood aqueous extract protective activity for rat liver, kidney, heart and brain in experimental model in vivo with orally administrated heavy metal cadmium. Wormwood plant material selected for this study was collected in Švenčioniai region. Plant material had the lowest average cadmium concentration (0.215±0.100 µg/g) compared with plant materials of Vilkaviškis and Ukmergė regions and plant material purchased from pharmacy. We established experimental animal model in vivo, with the aim to evaluate protective effects of wormwood. Experimental model consisted of wormwood aqueous extract preparation, control and experimental groups formation, physiological parameters evaluation, organ sampling, mineralization and toxicological analysis. Adult male Wistar rats were selected for the study. Control group rats were administrated with drinking water ad libitum, Cd group rats - with cadmium chloride aqueous solution (2 mg/l) ad libitum, Cd+KKVE group rats - with cadmium chloride aqueous solution (2 mg/l) ad libitum and wormwood aqueous extract 200 mg/kg/day orally for 30 consecutive days. After euthanasia on the 31st day of the experiment, liver, kidney, heart, and brain samples were mineralized using mineralizator Multiwave 3000. Cadmium concentrations were estimated with Perkin – Elmer Zeeman 3030 electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Average cadmium concentration in control group rat liver was 0.012±0.006 µg/g, Cd group – 0.245±... [to full text]

Darbo tikslas – parengti augalinės žaliavos granuliavimo ir kapsuliavimo technologiją, atlikti biofarmacinius tyrimus ir panaudojus gautus rezultatus pagaminti eksperimentinę kapsuliuoto produkto seriją. Darbo uždaviniai: Įvertinti karčiojo kiečio augalinių miltelių technologines savybes; Parinkti ir pritaikyti tinkamą granuliavimo technologiją; Atlikti granulių kokybės vertinimą; Pritaikyti augalinės žaliavos kapsuliavimo technologiją; Atlikti kapsulių kokybės vertinimą ir biofarmacinius tyrimus, palyginti ir įvertinti laboratorijoje ir pusiau pramoniniu būdu pagamintų kapsulių kokybės rodiklius. Tyrimo objektas – karčiojo kiečio milteliai ir jų pagrindu pagaminti produktai. Metodai: atliktas karčiojo kiečio miltelių vertinimas, nustatant miltelių birumą, kūgio kampą ir suberiamąjį tankį. Drėgnos granuliacijos būdu pagamintoms granulėms nustatytas procentinis drėgmės kiekis, atliktas suberiamojo tankio nustatymas, išmatuotas granulių dydis. Įvertinta vidutinė kapsulių masė, nustatytas kapsulių suirimo laikas ir bendras fenolinių junginių kiekis išsiskiriantis iš vienos kapsulės. Rezultatai: karčiojo kiečio milteliai yra nebirūs, įsielektrinę, vidutinis dalelių dydis – 22,15 µm, jos nelygiais kraštais. Atlikus drėgną granuliaciją miltelių dalelės tapo lygesniais kraštais, vidutinis dydis – 16,67 µm. Daugeliu atveju suberiamasis tankis viršijo 0,3 g/cm3, išskyrus 2 proc. želatinos tirpalą ir 64 proc. cukraus sirupo tirpalą. Didžiausią kapsulės svorį pasiekėme su 5 proc... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Objective of work: to prepare plant material granulation and encapsulation technology to perform biopharmaceutical research and use the results to produce a series of experimental encapsulated product. Tasks: Evaluate wormwood plant powder technological features; Select and apply appropriate granulation technology; Perform pellet quality; Adapt plant material encapsulation technology; Perform quality assessment capsules and biopharmaceutical research, compare , and evaluate laboratory and semi- industrial scale capsules made of quality indicators. The object of investigation – wormwood powder and products based on this material. Method: wormwood powder biopharmaceutical evaluation set pourability, cone angle and tapped density. Wet granulation extruded pellets fixed percentage of moisture carried tapped density of measured grain size. The estimated average weight of capsules set time capsule disintegration and total phenolic compounds, different from one capsule. Results: wormwood powder is non – bulk, charged an average particle size – 22.15 μm, it’s rough edges. After a wet granulation powder particles become more even edges, the average size – 16.67 μm. In most cases, tapped density over 0.3 g/cm3, with the exception of 2 percent gelatin solution and 64 percent sugar syrup solution. The greatest weight of the capsule reached the 5 percent gelatine, 5 percent. methylcellulose and 64 percent granulate sugar syrup. The hardest part was filled in capsules granulate made with... [to full text]

Genom att undersöka Djävulens utseende och roll, har jag försökt beskriva hur Djävulen porträtteras i de serietidningar jag valt ut. Djävulen avbildas på en rad olika sätt i serietidningsform i vårt till stor del sekulariserade samhälle. Vissa av dessa avbildningar har religiösa föregångare, vissa har föregångare i annan litteratur och vissa är helt nya. De tyder på att man inte använder Djävulen alltför lättvindigt i serietidningar och att man ofta är medveten om de kulturella konnotationer han för med sig. Han är en karaktär som ofta framställs som en negativ karaktär, vilket inte är lustigt med tanke på hans roll inom religion och litteratur. Tack vare de förutfattade tankar som finns om honom är han lätt att använda för att skapa effekter inom serierna, antingen genom att spela på den negativa inställningen eller genom att ställa läsarens förväntningar på ända. Han framställs främst i tre större roller: som tragisk, skrämmande eller komisk. Det är inte ovanligt att flera av dessa roller används till samma karaktär. I de serier jag analyserat har han alltid ställts som en kontrast till seriens protagonist, även om han inte alltid är serietidningens antagonist. Djävulens utseende speglar hans roll i serierna på så sätt att han, när han ska vara skrämmande eller antagonist, har ett mer monstruöst utseende än vad han har när han har en tragisk roll. När han ska vara komisk har han ett utseende som kan ses som löjeväckande, men är inte mänsklig för den saken skull. En gemensam faktor är att samtliga djävlar hade någon form av skräckskapande element till sin karaktär. Sammanfattningsvis kan man säga att Djävulen framställs på minst sagt olika sätt i de olika serierna, vilket tyder på att det kan vara svårt att säga något klart generellt om hur denna karaktär porträtteras i serietidningsmediet.

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