Poor air quality can greatly affect the public health. Research studies indicate that indoor air can be more polluted than the outdoor air. An indoor air quality monitoring system will help to create an awareness of the quality of air inside which will eventually help in improving it. The objective of this research is to develop a low cost wireless sensor system for indoor air quality monitoring. The major cost reduction of the system is achieved by using low priced sensors. Interface circuits had to be designed to make these sensors more accurate. The system is capable of measuring carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, temperature, humidity and volatile organic compounds. The prototype sensor node modules were developed. The sensor nodes were the connected together by Zigbee network. The nodes were developed in such a way that it is compact in size and wireless connection of sensor nodes enable to collect air quality data from multiple locations simultaneously. The collected data was stored in a computer. We employed linear least-square approach for the calibration of each sensor to derive a conversion formula for converting the sensor readings to engineering units. The system was tested with different pollutants and data collected was compared with a professional grade monitoring system for analyzing its performance. The results indicated that the data from our system matched quite well with the professional grade monitoring system.

ITC/USA 2011 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Seventh Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 24-27, 2011 / Bally's Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada / The scope of this document is the description of design and implementation of the wireless sensor network realized as a part of our Senior Design Capstone Project. The various components and sub-systems that comprise the final product are discussed, followed by the implementation procedures and results.

This thesis deals with the creation of wireless sensor networks consisting of components Arduino. The work includes introduction to the Arduino platform and its capabilities in combination with the wireless XBee modules. The important part is design a wireless network from these components and applications for the display of measured values from sensor nodes. The goal is to create sensor network with a dynamic topology and examine its behavior in real environment and the creation of applications for saving and displaying measured data from individual sensor nodes.

Real time information is essential in many businesses and as a method to inform employees and consumers, so that they can make informed decisions. In offices, warehouse and stores it can be advantageous to have tens to hundreds of smaller displays to deliver a variety of information. This paper details the design, implementation and testing of a wireless low power solar powered display system as a solution to deliver real time information. The system uses an Organic LCD to maintain an image for years on no power and uses very little power to update and refresh the display. The system uses off- the-shelf components to achieve multiple updates per day and, with the right lighting conditions, can perform up to one refresh per minute. The system is entirely powered by incandescent light, has a built in radio, and utilizes capacitors to store charge and deliver power, removing the need for rechargeable batteries. The wireless signal works at 2.4GHz and uses the low power 802.15.4 protocol to send and receive data at a range of 75 feet. It has no observable issue operating in environments with 2.4GHz wireless signals, such as 802.11g. The whole system can be built for under $75.00, and takes up an area of 6" x 8" including the photovoltaic cells. / text

<!--st1\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } -->&lt;!--[endif]--&gt; <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Garamond; panose-1:2 2 4 4 3 3 1 1 8 3; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:647 0 0 0 159 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; mso-layout-grid-align:none; punctuation-wrap:simple; text-autospace:none; font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:70.85pt 70.85pt 70.85pt 70.85pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> To implement a utility wireless sensor network, investigation of different wireless protocols has been performed. The protocols are Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, IEEE 802.15.4 and Zigbee. Consecutively literature studies have made it comprehensible to understand the function of the protocols that are suitable for development of wireless sensor networks. The importance of low cost, low power, reliable and high-quality properties for long distances are significant. IEEE 802.15.4 and Zigbee protocol are proper to implement as a wireless sensor network.   To reduce the human efforts in the configuration of the system, a comfortable method is implemented to facilitate the procedure. The applied method is based on an automatic configuration of the system. The configuration and the decision taking are implemented in the software. The system is designed to avoid interference to other wireless networks with the possibilities of reconfiguration. A uniform hardware and software design with separate functions of the system decided by a subsequent command for configuration is preferable. This imposes an advantage that increases the flexible potential of the system when a uniform solution is implemented.   To support the basic communication principles and control of the system, a buffer implementation has been introduced. The functionality of decision taking is distributed, configured by system commands from the host system. Detecting of system commands requires a properly operating buffer management. In consideration to the power consumption in reference to battery utilizations, the settings of RF-module and microcontroller have a powerful impact to reduce the power consumption. All possibilities of hibernates and avoidance of unnecessarily transmitting, should be deactivated to minimize the power consumption.

<p><!--st1\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } --><!--[endif]--> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Garamond; panose-1:2 2 4 4 3 3 1 1 8 3; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:647 0 0 0 159 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; mso-layout-grid-align:none; punctuation-wrap:simple; text-autospace:none; font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:70.85pt 70.85pt 70.85pt 70.85pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --></p><p>To implement a utility wireless sensor network, investigation of different wireless protocols has been performed. The protocols are Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, IEEE 802.15.4 and Zigbee. Consecutively literature studies have made it comprehensible to understand the function of the protocols that are suitable for development of wireless sensor networks. The importance of low cost, low power, reliable and high-quality properties for long distances are significant. IEEE 802.15.4 and Zigbee protocol are proper to implement as a wireless sensor network.</p><p> </p><p>To reduce the human efforts in the configuration of the system, a comfortable method is implemented to facilitate the procedure. The applied method is based on an automatic configuration of the system. The configuration and the decision taking are implemented in the software. The system is designed to avoid interference to other wireless networks with the possibilities of reconfiguration.</p><p>A uniform hardware and software design with separate functions of the system decided by a subsequent command for configuration is preferable. This imposes an advantage that increases the flexible potential of the system when a uniform solution is implemented.</p><p> </p><p>To support the basic communication principles and control of the system, a buffer implementation has been introduced. The functionality of decision taking is distributed, configured by system commands from the host system. Detecting of system commands requires a properly operating buffer management. In consideration to the power consumption in reference to battery utilizations, the settings of RF-module and microcontroller have a powerful impact to reduce the power consumption. All possibilities of hibernates and avoidance of unnecessarily transmitting, should be deactivated to minimize the power consumption.</p><p> </p>

This rapport aims to examine the difficulties in presenting a complex game in a way that will invite new players by making the game more accessible. We discuss and present our process on how to create an application named “Digi”-war that is easy and fast to, both, learn and use. Our solution to this issue includes RFID-tags and readers together with four buttons, as input devices. This simple input device, placed in a gun-type control unit, aims to provide an intuitive interaction.

Due to inadequate training and an undeveloped ability to recognize dangerous scenarios, youth workers are exposed to many dangers in the agriculture and lawn care industries. With the abundance of new technologies available on the market, a project was devised to prevent youth from heat exhaustion and equipment run overs by employing sensor based technologies. Using aural temperature measurement techniques involving a thermistor and thermopile, an accurate estimation of core body temperature can be made. The measurements performed by the devices are recorded and transmitted wirelessly over a ZigBee network using XBee radiofrequency modules. Utilizing the properties of radiofrequency transmission, the Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) is used to approximate the distance between devices. With accuracy comparable to GPS methods and no necessity for line of sight to sky, RSSI supplies a more than adequate estimate for proximity distance. The temperature and RSSI values are then sent to a coordinating modem where the data is displayed for the supervisor. After testing and calibrating the device, it was found that these methods are effective for the monitoring of core body temperature and proximity of workers. The temperature sensor was able to measure temperatures with less than 0.25% error and the proximity sensor was able to estimate distance within 1.25 meters at close range. / Master of Science

<p>At the AASS laboratory located in “Teknikhuset” at ORU there are research projects that has the goal to create an intelligent home. This home should be used in care of elders and other people that are in need of care. It has already a lot of technology embedded in the different parts of the apartment, i.e. a robot arm in the fridge. </p><p>To know when these modules should be activated for use or not, the location of the user can be used. An example would be that the fridge door shouldn't open when the user accidentally tells it to when he or she is in the bathroom, but it should when he or she stands in front of the fridge. Then how to know where the person are located?</p><p>This is what the idea of this thesis is, to create a location tool to be used in the care of elders. It will be embedded in the intelligent environment in the apartment and in later projects together with other systems monitor the patient.</p><p>What hardware to use and how to connect them together are a major task in this thesis. And also writing the application to be able to embed the tool in the environment system. How did the result turn out, and what can future development can be done.</p> / <p>Vid AASS laboratoriet som är beläget i Teknikhuset vid Örebro Universitet finns det forskningsprojekt med mål att skapa ett intelligent hem. Detta hem ska användas inom omsorgen för gamla och andra personer som är i behov av vård. Det har redan idag mycket teknologi inbyggt i diverse saker, exempelvis en robotarm i kylen.</p><p>För att veta när dessa moduler ska arbeta eller inte så är positionen på användaren viktig. Det vore inte så bra om kylskåpsdörren öppnades av ett misstag när användaren befinner sig på toaletten. Men dörren ska öppna sig när användaren står framför kylen. Men hur vet man då vart användaren är?</p><p>Idéen med detta examensarbete är att skapa en sådan lösning som kan hålla kolla på positionen av en person. Lösningen ska sedan vara en del av det intelligenta system som i framtida projekt skall användas för att övervaka personen.</p><p>Vilken hårdvara och hur den skall kopplas samman är en stor del av detta arbete, och även hur  applikationen som skall integrera hårdvarulösningen i det intelligenta systemet utvecklades. Hur ser resultatet ut och vad finns det för möjligheter att vidareutveckla detta resultat i framtiden.</p>

At the AASS laboratory located in “Teknikhuset” at ORU there are research projects that has the goal to create an intelligent home. This home should be used in care of elders and other people that are in need of care. It has already a lot of technology embedded in the different parts of the apartment, i.e. a robot arm in the fridge.  To know when these modules should be activated for use or not, the location of the user can be used. An example would be that the fridge door shouldn't open when the user accidentally tells it to when he or she is in the bathroom, but it should when he or she stands in front of the fridge. Then how to know where the person are located? This is what the idea of this thesis is, to create a location tool to be used in the care of elders. It will be embedded in the intelligent environment in the apartment and in later projects together with other systems monitor the patient. What hardware to use and how to connect them together are a major task in this thesis. And also writing the application to be able to embed the tool in the environment system. How did the result turn out, and what can future development can be done. / Vid AASS laboratoriet som är beläget i Teknikhuset vid Örebro Universitet finns det forskningsprojekt med mål att skapa ett intelligent hem. Detta hem ska användas inom omsorgen för gamla och andra personer som är i behov av vård. Det har redan idag mycket teknologi inbyggt i diverse saker, exempelvis en robotarm i kylen. För att veta när dessa moduler ska arbeta eller inte så är positionen på användaren viktig. Det vore inte så bra om kylskåpsdörren öppnades av ett misstag när användaren befinner sig på toaletten. Men dörren ska öppna sig när användaren står framför kylen. Men hur vet man då vart användaren är? Idéen med detta examensarbete är att skapa en sådan lösning som kan hålla kolla på positionen av en person. Lösningen ska sedan vara en del av det intelligenta system som i framtida projekt skall användas för att övervaka personen. Vilken hårdvara och hur den skall kopplas samman är en stor del av detta arbete, och även hur  applikationen som skall integrera hårdvarulösningen i det intelligenta systemet utvecklades. Hur ser resultatet ut och vad finns det för möjligheter att vidareutveckla detta resultat i framtiden.