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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Modulação da expressão do gene de reparo de DNA xpa por meio de vetores genéticos em células humanas / XPA DNA repair gene modulation in human cell lines by genetic vectors

Alysson Renato Muotri 19 April 2001 (has links)
A integridade do DNA é ameaçada pelos efeitos lesivos de inúmeros agentes físicos e químicos que podem vir a comprometer sua função. Um dos mais versáteis e estudados mecanismos de reparo de DNA é o reparo por excisão de nucleotídeos (NER). Este mecanismo remove lesões que causam distorções na dupla fita de DNA, incluindo dímeros de pirimidina ciclobutano (CPDs) e 6-4 fotoprodutos (6-4 PPs), provocados pela radiação de luz ultravioleta (UV). Em humanos, a síndrome genética xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) apresenta uma alta sensibilidade à luz solar, resultando em um grande aumento na incidência de tumores em regiões expostas da pele e degeneração neurológica progressiva. O gene xpa parece estar envolvido diretamente no reconhecimento de lesões produzidas pela luz UV, atuando tanto no reparo global (GGR) como no reparo acoplado à transcrição (TCR). A modulação da expressão deste gene deve alterar as taxas de reparo no genoma celular, fornecendo valiosa contribuição para o estudo do reparo de DNA no NER e em outras vias distintas. No entanto, não foi possível a atenuação ou inativação total do transcrito XPA, provavelmente devido ao baixo número de moléculas de mRNA nas células e da relativa estabilidade da proteína XPA. A expressão controlada do cDNA xpa em células deficientes XP12RO foi conseguida através da transfecção do vetor indutível por muristerona A, pINXA. O clone INXA15M mostrou-se eficiente na indução da proteína XPA, complementando células XP12RO. Quantidades reduzidas de XPA foram suficientes para a complementação total de células XP12RO na sobrevivência frente à luz UV, ou para a atividade de reparo de DNA no genoma global. Entretanto, observou-se uma maior incidência de células apoptóticas em períodos de tempo curtos após a UV, quando comparamos com células proficientes para o reparo de DNA (HeLa). O vetor adenoviral portando o cDNA xpa (AdyXPA) mostrou-se eficiente na complementação de fibroblastos derivados de pacientes XPA. Apesar do curto período de expressão do transgene e da conhecida reação imunológica produzida pelos adenovirus, este vetor representa uma potencial ferramenta para testes de complementação, identificação de mutações e busca de sistemas de correção gênica de pacientes XP. / The DNA integrity is always threatened by the damage effects of physical and chemical agents that could jeopardy its function. The nucleotide excision repair (NER) is one of the most known and flexible mechanisms of DNA repair. This mechanism can recognize and remove DNA double-helix distortion, including the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and the pyrimidine-pyrimidone (6-4) photoproduct, promoted by ultraviolet light (UV). The human syndrome xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is clinically characterized chiefly by the early onset of severe photosensitivity of the exposed regions of the skin, a very high incidence of skin cancers and frequent neurological abnormalities. The xpa gene seems to be involved during the UV damage recognition, in both global genome repair (GGR) and transcription-coupled repair (TCR). This gene modulation may modify the DNA repair rate in the cell genome, providing valuable contribution to the NER understanding and other DNA repair pathways. However, the complete inactivation or even the attenuation of the XPA transcript was not possible, mainly because of the low abundance mRNA per cell and the high stability of the XPA protein. The controlled expression of the cDNA xpa in XP12RO deficient cells was achieved through the transfection of a muristerone-A inducible vector, pINXA. The INXA15M clone shows good induction of the XPA protein and total complementation of XP12RO cells deficiency. Small quantities of the XPA protein do not interfere in the cellular UV sensitivity and the DNA repair activity in the global genome. Nevertheless, a higher number of cells in the apoptotic process were detected in short periods of time after UV light when compared to normal cells (HeLa). The adenovirus vector carrying the cDNA xpa (AdyXPA) can efficiently complement XPA patients’ fibroblast cells. In spite of the short period of the transgene expression and the known imunological reaction caused by adenovirus, this vector represents a potential tool for gene complementation diagnostic and gene correction in XP patients.
22

Differential DNA Damage Responses in p53 Proficient and Deficient Cells: Cisplatin-Induced Nuclear Import of XPA Is Independent of ATR Checkpoint in p53-Deficient Lung Cancer Cells

Li, Zhengke, Musich, Phillip R., Zou, Yue 10 June 2011 (has links)
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) and ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)/ATR (ATM- and RAD3-related) NA damage checkpoints are among the major pathways that affect the chemotherapeutic efficiency of the anticancer rug cisplatin. Xeroderma pigmentosum group A (XPA) protein plays a crucial role in NER including both global enome repair (GG-NER) and transcription-coupled repair (TC-NER) subpathways, and has been a potential target for mproving cisplatin therapeutic effects. We report here that XPA translocates from the cytosol into the nucleus after NA damage induced by UV irradiation and cisplatin, a mimetic of UV damage, in human cells with or without p53 deficiency. However, the damage-induced response of XPA nuclear import was significantly slower in p53-deficient cells than in p53-proficient cells. We also found that while XPA is imported into the nucleus upon cisplatin or UV damage in an ATR-dependent manner in p53-proficient A549 lung cancer cells, the ATR checkpoint pathway has no effect on the XPA nuclear import in p53-deficient H1299 lung cancer cells. Similarly, the XPA nuclear translocation is not regulated by ATM checkpoint or by p38MAPK/MK2 either. Our findings suggest that NER is independent on the major DNA damage checkpoint pathways in H1299 (p53-/-) cells and that DNA damage responses are mechanistically different between p53-proficient and p53-deficient cells. Our results also highlight the possibility of selectively targeting XPA nuclear import as a way to sensitize cisplatin anticancer activity, but targeting ATR/ATM-dependent checkpoints may not be helpful in killing p53-deficient cancer cells.
23

Busca de variantes em sequência de DNA proveniente de pacientes com deficiência em processos de reparo do genoma / Identification of variants in the DNA sequence of patients deficient in DNA repair processes

Moura, Livia Maria Silva 08 October 2015 (has links)
Apesar de altamente estável, o DNA sofre milhares de alterações em sua estrutura diariamente, sejam essas espontâneas ou pela exposição a agentes mutagênicos. A maior parte dessas alterações é prontamente removida por um conjunto de eventos de reparo de DNA. A via de reparo por excisão de nucleotídeos (NER) é a mais versátil e flexível lidando com uma variedade de lesões que podem gerar distorções das hélices do DNA. Esses danos resultam em alterações características que, caso não reparadas, podem gerar mutações ou morte celular e, consequentemente, câncer e envelhecimento. Algumas síndromes, nas quais os pacientes são sensíveis à luz solar, estão relacionadas à deficiência no processo de NER, como a Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP), síndrome de Cockayne (CS) e Tricotiodistrofia (TTD). Indivíduos brasileiros, incluindo pacientes com diagnóstico clínico de XP e membros das famílias, passaram por um processo in silico para a identificação variantes em genes relacionados aos processos de reparo do DNA após o sequenciamento do DNA por plataformas de nova geração (NGS: plataforma ABI 5500XL SOLiD e MiSeq Illumina) e análises de Bioinformática. Para cada paciente, foram selecionados os melhores valores de parâmetros para se realizar a busca por variantes considerando a qualidade de alinhamento e a taxa de cobertura das bases alvo. SNPs já depositados no banco de dados do projeto 1000genomes foram removidos de nossos dados. O restante das variantes foi analisado para encontrar potenciais candidatos que poderiam explicar o diagnóstico clínico do paciente. Em muitas amostras foi possível determinar pelo menos uma variante (mutação) com uma elevada possibilidade de ser responsável pelos sintomas XP. Para alguns pacientes, a má qualidade do sequenciamento ou eventos não esclarecidos durante este, dificultou a identificação de candidatos à mutação patogênica. Potenciais mutações não sinônimas foram analisadas com os programas SIFT e PROVEAN, que identificaram a potencial capacidade deletéria da alteração de aminoácido na proteína. Finalmente, foi desenvolvida uma interface de domínio público amigável, a Human Variantes do Finder Interface (http://www.varfinderhg.com.br), que visa facilitar a identificação de variantes em dados gerados por NGS. / Although highly stable, DNA molecule undergoes thousands of damage in its structure every day, due to spontaneous lesions or exposure to various mutagens. Most of these lesions are readily removed by a number of cellular DNA repair processes. The process of nucleotide excision repair (NER) is the most versatile and flexible dealing with a variety of lesions that can lead to distortions of the DNA strands. Ultraviolet irradiation induced DNA damage are the main substrates for NER. These DNA damage, if not repaired, can generate mutations or cell death causing several diseases, including cancer and aging. Some syndromes, sensitive to sunlight, are related to deficiencies in the NER process, such as Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP), Cockayne syndrome (CS) and Trichothiodystrophy (TTD). Brazilian individuals, including patients with clinical diagnosis of XP and family members, went through in silico process for the identification of variants in genes related to DNA repair processes after DNA sequencing by next generation sequencing (NGS in the platforms ABI 5500XL SOLiD and MiSeq Illumina) and dedicated Bioinformatics pipelines. For each patient the best search pattern of variant calling was used considering the alignment quality and coverage rate of bases in target. SNPs already deposited at the 1000genomes project database were removed from the data. The remaining variants were analyzed to find potential candidates that could explain the clinical diagnosis. In many samples, it was possible to determine at least one variant (mutation) with a high possibility of being responsible for the clinical XP. For some patients, the poor quality of the sequencing or unclear events during sequencing hampered the identification of clear mutation candidates. Potential nonsynonymous mutations were analyzed with SIFT and PROVEAN softwares, which identified the potential deleterious capacity of the amino acid change in the protein. Finally, we developed a user-friendly public domain interface, the Human Variants Finder Interface (http://www.varfinderhg.com.br), which, we expect, will facilitate the identification of variants in data generated by NGS.
24

Busca de variantes em sequência de DNA proveniente de pacientes com deficiência em processos de reparo do genoma / Identification of variants in the DNA sequence of patients deficient in DNA repair processes

Livia Maria Silva Moura 08 October 2015 (has links)
Apesar de altamente estável, o DNA sofre milhares de alterações em sua estrutura diariamente, sejam essas espontâneas ou pela exposição a agentes mutagênicos. A maior parte dessas alterações é prontamente removida por um conjunto de eventos de reparo de DNA. A via de reparo por excisão de nucleotídeos (NER) é a mais versátil e flexível lidando com uma variedade de lesões que podem gerar distorções das hélices do DNA. Esses danos resultam em alterações características que, caso não reparadas, podem gerar mutações ou morte celular e, consequentemente, câncer e envelhecimento. Algumas síndromes, nas quais os pacientes são sensíveis à luz solar, estão relacionadas à deficiência no processo de NER, como a Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP), síndrome de Cockayne (CS) e Tricotiodistrofia (TTD). Indivíduos brasileiros, incluindo pacientes com diagnóstico clínico de XP e membros das famílias, passaram por um processo in silico para a identificação variantes em genes relacionados aos processos de reparo do DNA após o sequenciamento do DNA por plataformas de nova geração (NGS: plataforma ABI 5500XL SOLiD e MiSeq Illumina) e análises de Bioinformática. Para cada paciente, foram selecionados os melhores valores de parâmetros para se realizar a busca por variantes considerando a qualidade de alinhamento e a taxa de cobertura das bases alvo. SNPs já depositados no banco de dados do projeto 1000genomes foram removidos de nossos dados. O restante das variantes foi analisado para encontrar potenciais candidatos que poderiam explicar o diagnóstico clínico do paciente. Em muitas amostras foi possível determinar pelo menos uma variante (mutação) com uma elevada possibilidade de ser responsável pelos sintomas XP. Para alguns pacientes, a má qualidade do sequenciamento ou eventos não esclarecidos durante este, dificultou a identificação de candidatos à mutação patogênica. Potenciais mutações não sinônimas foram analisadas com os programas SIFT e PROVEAN, que identificaram a potencial capacidade deletéria da alteração de aminoácido na proteína. Finalmente, foi desenvolvida uma interface de domínio público amigável, a Human Variantes do Finder Interface (http://www.varfinderhg.com.br), que visa facilitar a identificação de variantes em dados gerados por NGS. / Although highly stable, DNA molecule undergoes thousands of damage in its structure every day, due to spontaneous lesions or exposure to various mutagens. Most of these lesions are readily removed by a number of cellular DNA repair processes. The process of nucleotide excision repair (NER) is the most versatile and flexible dealing with a variety of lesions that can lead to distortions of the DNA strands. Ultraviolet irradiation induced DNA damage are the main substrates for NER. These DNA damage, if not repaired, can generate mutations or cell death causing several diseases, including cancer and aging. Some syndromes, sensitive to sunlight, are related to deficiencies in the NER process, such as Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP), Cockayne syndrome (CS) and Trichothiodystrophy (TTD). Brazilian individuals, including patients with clinical diagnosis of XP and family members, went through in silico process for the identification of variants in genes related to DNA repair processes after DNA sequencing by next generation sequencing (NGS in the platforms ABI 5500XL SOLiD and MiSeq Illumina) and dedicated Bioinformatics pipelines. For each patient the best search pattern of variant calling was used considering the alignment quality and coverage rate of bases in target. SNPs already deposited at the 1000genomes project database were removed from the data. The remaining variants were analyzed to find potential candidates that could explain the clinical diagnosis. In many samples, it was possible to determine at least one variant (mutation) with a high possibility of being responsible for the clinical XP. For some patients, the poor quality of the sequencing or unclear events during sequencing hampered the identification of clear mutation candidates. Potential nonsynonymous mutations were analyzed with SIFT and PROVEAN softwares, which identified the potential deleterious capacity of the amino acid change in the protein. Finally, we developed a user-friendly public domain interface, the Human Variants Finder Interface (http://www.varfinderhg.com.br), which, we expect, will facilitate the identification of variants in data generated by NGS.
25

Functional relevance of spontaneous alternative splice variants of xeroderma pigmentosum genes: Prognostic marker for skin cancer risk and disease outcome?

Lehmann, Janin 04 May 2017 (has links)
No description available.
26

Phénotypage de la réparation de l'ADN de lignées Xeroderma pigmentosum, par un test in vitro multiparamétrique

Raffin, Anne-Laure 05 June 2009 (has links) (PDF)
L'ADN subit en permanence des agressions modifiant l'information pour laquelle il code. Plusieurs mécanismes, dont la réparation par excision de bases (BER) et la réparation par excision de nucléotides (NER), permettent à la cellule de restaurer la séquence de l'ADN. Le Xeroderma pigmentosum est une maladie caractérisée par une déficience pour la réparation par la voie NER. L'objectif de ce travail était de proposer un test fiable et rapide pour le diagnostic de cette maladie comme alternative au test existant, l'UDS. Les activités de réparation de l'ADN de lignées XP ont été quantifiées à l'aide de tests in vitro miniaturisés et multiparamétriques afin d'établir les phénotypes de réparation de l'ADN de cellules déficientes pour la protéine XPA ou XPC. L'avantage des tests utilisés dans cette étude réside dans la mesure conjointe soit de l'excision soit de l'excision-resynthèse (ER) de plusieurs lésions à partir d'un seul lysat cellulaire. <br />Nous montrons que l'importance relative de l'ES des différentes lésions dépend fortement de la concentration protéique du lysat nucléaire testé. Ainsi, lorsque la concentration protéique augmente, il devient possible de discriminer le phénotype XP du phénotype témoin, ce qui est impossible en dessous d'une concentration seuil. D'autre part, alors que l'irradiation des cellules témoins aux UVB stimule leurs activités de réparation, cet effet n'est pas observé pour les cellules XP.<br />Cette étude apporte donc de nouvelles informations quant aux rôles des protéines XPA et XPC lors des mécanismes de réparation BER et NER et souligne la complexité des régulations mises en jeu.
27

Characterization of the T122L mutation in p53 and its protein product in Xpc mutant mice

Nahari, Dorit. January 2003 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 2003. / Vita. Bibliography: References located after each study.
28

Xeroderma Pigmentosum A Deficiency Results in Increased Generation of Microvesicle Particles in Response to Ultraviolet B Radiation

Christian, Lea Rajeshkumar 28 May 2021 (has links)
No description available.
29

DNA-Damage Accumulation and Replicative Arrest in Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome

Musich, Phillip R., Zou, Yue 01 December 2011 (has links)
A common feature of progeria syndromes is a premature aging phenotype and an enhanced accumulation of DNA damage arising from a compromised repair system. HGPS (Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome) is a severe form of progeria in which patients accumulate progerin, a mutant lamin A protein derived from a splicing variant of the lamin A/C gene (LMNA). Progerin causes chromatin perturbations which result in the formation of DSBs (double-strand breaks) and abnormal DDR (DNA-damage response). In the present article, we review recent findings which resolve some mechanistic details of how progerin may disrupt DDR pathways in HGPS cells. We propose that progerin accumulation results in disruption of functions of some replication and repair factors, causing the mislocalization of XPA (xeroderma pigmentosum group A) protein to the replication forks, replication fork stalling and, subsequently, DNA DSBs. The binding of XPA to the stalled forks excludes normal binding by repair proteins, leading to DSB accumulation, which activates ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated) and ATR (ATM- and Rad3-related) checkpoints, and arresting cell-cycle progression.
30

Le complexe TFIIH dans la transcription effectuée par l'ARN polymèrase II et l'ARN polymèrase III

Zadorin, Anton 28 September 2012 (has links) (PDF)
Deux phénomènes liés au TFIIH ont été étudiés : l'influence des mutations spécifiques dans la sous-unité XPD de TFIIH sur la réponse transcriptionnelle de certains gènes après l'irradiation UV, et l'interaction entre le TFIIH et la transcription des gènes de classe III. Une analyse détaillée de la dynamique du transcriptome a été effectuée pour la réponse des cellules humaines mutantes XP-D/CS à l'UV. Il a été démontré que la dysrégulation sélective observée de l'expression des gènes était liée à l'incapacité pour la ré-initiation transcriptionnelle et à l'hétérochromatinisation suivante, où l'histonedésacétylase SIRT1 a été identifiée comme le principal facteur. Son inhibition a permis de recouvrer l'expression normale d'un nombre substantiel des gènes affectés. Une étude de la participation pangénomique du coeur de TFIIH dans latranscription a découvert son association avec les gènes actifs de classe III. Cette association a été démontrée être indépendante de Pol II. Le coeur de TFIIH a été montré participer directement à la transcription effectuée in vitro par Pol III.

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