Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(地球環境学) / 甲第19155号 / 地環博第130号 / 新制||地環||26 / 32106 / 京都大学大学院地球環境学舎地球環境学専攻 / (主査)教授 ｼｮｳ ﾗｼﾞﾌﾞ, 教授 岡﨑 健二, 准教授 西前 出 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(地球環境学) / 甲第19155号 / 地環博第130号 / 新制||地環||26(附属図書館) / 32106 / 京都大学大学院地球環境学舎地球環境学専攻 / (主査)教授 ｼｮｳ ﾗｼﾞﾌﾞ, 教授 岡﨑 健二, 准教授 西前 出 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Global Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DFAM

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur mycket makt och inflytande medlemmarna har i Malung-Sälens ungdomsråd. Nationell och internationell forskning hävdar att ungdomars möjligheter till inflytande och delaktighet är begränsad på grund av strukturer i samhället. Studien operationaliserades genom kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med sex ungdomar mellan 15 och 18 år från Malung-Sälens kommun. Steven Lukes maktteori har valts ut för att analysera maktaspekterna i ungdomsrådet, vilket i sin tur har besvarat studiens frågeställning. Den utvalda teorin belyser tre dimensioner av makt. Lukes andra maktdimension har prioriterats lite mer än de andra två, därför att detta perspektiv uppmärksammar något som Lukes kallar för ”dagordningsmakt” eller ”makt över dagordningen”. Studiens syfte har uppnåtts och frågeställningen har besvarats, genom att undersöka hur mycket dagordningsmakt ungdomarna har i ungdomsrådet. Studien visar på att unga idag får möjligheten att påverka genom exempelvis ungdomsråd. Ungdomarna väljer själva vad som lyfts på agendan, vilket innebär att dagordningsmakten är hög. Ingen annan aktör påverkar vad ungdomsrådet väljer att diskutera om på sina möten. Dessutom blir ungdomarna tilldelade olika roller inom ungdomsrådet, och får möjligheten att påverka och tycka till. När ungdomarna beslutar om ett förslag till förändring, skickas det till politikerna som sedan tar det avgörande beslutet. Detta innebär att det är politikernas åsikter som är avgörande när delade meningar råder.  Nyckelord: Inflytande, delaktighet, makt, ungdomar, ungdomsråd / The purpose of this study is to investigate how much power and influence the members have in Malung-Sälen's youth council. National and international research claims that young people's opportunities for influence and participation are limited due to structures in society. The study was operationalized through qualitative semi-structured interviews with six young people aged 15–18 from the municipality of Malung-Sälen. Steven Luke's theory of power has been selected to analyse the aspects of power in the youth council, which in turn has answered the study's question. The selected theory highlights three dimensions of power. Luke's second dimension of power has been prioritized a little more than the other two, because this perspective draws attention to what Luke calls "agenda power" or "power over the agenda". The aim of the study has been achieved and the question has been answered, by examining how much agenda power the young people have in the youth council. The study shows that young people today can influence through, for example, youth councils. The young people themselves choose what is put on the agenda, which means that agenda power is high. No other actor influences what the youth council chooses to discuss at its meetings. In addition, the young people are assigned different roles within the youth council and get the chance to influence and have their say. When the young people decide on a proposal for change, it is sent to the politicians who then make the decisive decision. This means that it is the politicians' views that win when divided opinions prevail.  Keywords: Influence, participation, power, young people, youth council

Environ 3500 conseils d’enfants et de jeunes interviennent aujourd’hui auprès des collectivitéslocales en France. Initiée dans les années 60 et 70, cette forme d’implication et d’engagement s’estconsidérablement développée au point de devenir un vecteur important de la participation des jeunes, unvecteur de transmission et d’éducation aux valeurs de l’engagement, de l’action publique locale et de lacitoyenneté.Peu d’investigations, pourtant, sont allées ausculter, de l’intérieur, dans les assemblées plénières, dans lesgroupes de travail, la manière dont se déroulent ces échanges. C’est ce que cette recherche s’est proposé deréaliser.Le travail présenté ici repose sur une observation d’environ neuf mois d’un conseil de jeunes et plusspécifiquement d’un groupe de travail de ce conseil. Ce sont les modalités de décision, au sein du groupeValorisation, qui ont servies de base à une analyse qualitative. Comment se prennent les décisions entre lesjeunes et les animateurs du dispositif ? Quelle part les jeunes ont-ils dans ces prises de décision ? Si les jeunesimpliqués (étudiant d’environ 22 ou 23 ans pour la plupart) sont bien inscrits dans un rôle de décision par lacollectivité qui les accueille, la recherche montre une réalité beaucoup plus nuancée. Sur la durée, laparticipation se révèle évolutive et inégale. Dans le quotidien, les jeux d’acteurs, l’humour, le poids del’institution…, se révèlent des déterminants importants des prises de décision.Au final de cette navigation dans un univers de projet collectif, malgré une bonne foi affichée, la collectivitésemble pouvoir atteindre le pont d’arrivé qu’elle s’était fixé. Elle propose ainsi aux jeunes impliqués un espacede participation relativement restreint, dans lequel la revendication d’autonomie ne tarde pas à poindre. / Approximately 3500 councils of children and youth councils take actions with local authorities inFrance today. Introduced in the 60s and 70s, this form of implication and commitment has considerablydeveloped. It became an important vehicle for the participation of the young people, a vehicle for transmissionand education in the values of the commitment, the local public service and the citizenship.Few investigations, nevertheless, went to examine, from the inside, in plenary meetings and in working groups,the way these exchanges are taking place. It is what is studied in this research.The work presented here is based on an observation, about nine months of a youth council and morespecifically a workgroup of this council. The modalities of decision, in the group Valuation, were used as a baseto a qualitative analysis. How are decisions, between the young people and the facilitators of the device, taken? What part do they have in this decision-making ? If the involved young people (students about 22 or 23 yearsold for the most part) are well registered in a role of decision by the community that hosted them, the researchshows a far more nuanced reality. The participation is evolutionary and uneven on duration. In everyday life,actors' sets, humour, weight of the institution, are shown to be important determinants of decision-making.In the end of this browsing in a universe of collective project, despite a displayed good faith, the communityseems to achieve the arrival bridge it had set. It is thus proposed to the involved young people, a relativelyrestricted space for participation, in which the demand for autonomy is not long in appearing.

Submitted by Livia Mello (liviacmello@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-10-10T18:27:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseDMR.pdf: 4892367 bytes, checksum: bddd456bb8a8830470b7dc34330e6cf5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-20T19:55:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseDMR.pdf: 4892367 bytes, checksum: bddd456bb8a8830470b7dc34330e6cf5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-20T19:55:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseDMR.pdf: 4892367 bytes, checksum: bddd456bb8a8830470b7dc34330e6cf5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-20T19:55:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseDMR.pdf: 4892367 bytes, checksum: bddd456bb8a8830470b7dc34330e6cf5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / In this study, we discuss the ways are taken by organizations and youth movements, among those who have been recognized institutionally, in construction of the access to public funds for the sake of youth policies realization, in a historical context of programs and actions targeted for youth. It also discusses the changes of political actors of the National Youth Council (Conjuve) around the public fund, its contradictions and tensions. The starting point was the Conjuve, with the focus on the participation of three elected collective for the composition of the management 2012-2013 – Studies Center and Youth Memory (CEMJ), National Black Youth Forum (FONAJUNE), Brazilian Union of Secondary Students (UBES) – and two collective of the management 2014-2015 – National Organization of Blind Brazil (ONCB) and Marist Union of Brazil (UMBRASIL) –, besides having been heard other political actors of the Council. Data were collected through interviews, participation and observation of activities and events, examination of documents, and treated by content analysis in a comprehensive and critical perspective. The results indicated that the defense of access to public funds is in the discursive level of political actors and that there are inaccuracies about the Conjuve functions and even the absence of procedural powers to carry out effective proposals, including budgetary matters. There is coexistence, in the reality of Brazilian youth, of demands for redistribution of income and demands for recognition of their identity and existence, as well as the strong presence of political parties and the student movement in the leadership of political actions and debates, although the speech is directed to the participation of several youths. The accomplishment of institutional political reform it’s important and the revitalization of democratic political culture is required as a possibility to make the existence of the speech for access to public funds and youth policies in Brazil. / Neste estudo, discute-se quais caminhos são tomados pelas organizações e movimentos juvenis, dentre os que passaram a ser reconhecidos institucionalmente, na construção do acesso ao fundo público em prol da efetivação de políticas públicas de juventude, em um contexto histórico de programas e ações focalizados destinados à juventude. Também se discute as movimentações de atores políticos do Conselho Nacional de Juventude (Conjuve) em torno do fundo público, suas contradições e tensionamentos. O ponto de partida foi o Conjuve, com o enfoque da participação de três coletivos eleitos para a sua composição da gestão 2012-2013 – Centro de Estudos e Memória da Juventude (CEMJ), Fórum Nacional de Juventude Negra (FONAJUNE), União Brasileira de Estudantes Secundaristas (UBES) – e dois da gestão 2014-2015 – Organização Nacional dos Cegos do Brasil (ONCB) e União Marista do Brasil (UMBrasil) –, além de terem sido ouvidos outros atores políticos do Conselho. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas, participação e observação de atividades e eventos, exame de documentos, e tratados por meio da análise de conteúdo numa perspectiva compreensiva e crítica. Os resultados indicaram que a defesa de acesso ao fundo público encontra-se no plano discursivo dos atores políticos e que há ambiguidades a respeito das funções do Conjuve e mesmo a ausência de competências regimentais que lhe permitam realizar proposições efetivas, inclusive de matérias orçamentárias. Observou-se a coexistência, na realidade da juventude brasileira, de demandas por redistribuição de renda e de demandas por reconhecimento de suas identidades e existências, bem como a forte presença dos partidos políticos e do movimento estudantil na liderança de ações e debates políticos, embora o discurso esteja orientado para a participação de diversas juventudes. Ressalta-se a importância da realização de uma reforma política institucional e da necessária revitalização de uma cultura política democrática como possibilidade de transformar o discurso pelo acesso ao fundo público e pela existência de políticas públicas de juventude no Brasil em realidade efetiva.