At the beginning of the twenty-first century a burgeoning global private military sector is increasingly involved in areas of defence and security that, up until recently, were popularly thought of as being within the monopolistic preserve of the nation state. Finding itself at the vanguard of profound political and economic change, today’s Royal Navy is increasingly reliant on relationships with the private sector that only thirty years ago would have seemed unimaginable to many commentators. As naval shipbuilding, dockyard refitting, logistics, training, and even warship ownership and manning, move from a unitary state to an increasingly self-organising private sector bounded by a differentiated and decentered polity, this thesis is concerned with boundaries of elite discourse on legitimacy in the political economy of Royal Navy and British naval sea power and their implications for New Public Management theory. At its core, the study presents original research into the attitudes of fifty elite opinion formers directly concerned with the discourse of Royal Navy modernisation and profiles their ideational boundaries concerning the political economy of force and violence. The thesis makes an original contribution to knowledge by presenting empirically and framing theoretically the ways in which elite naval attitudes to the political economy of legitimated force have changed and are evolving. The research is important because it challenges what many commentators have come to believe to be an a priori function of the nation state, namely, the monopoly use of force, with the actual views of those opinion formers who currently hold positions of power and influence in and around one of its core ‘ideal type’ institutions: the Royal Navy. The research is also significant because in attempting to clarify the conceptual boundaries of this elite discourse, it also presents a powerful critique of New Public Management with reference to the problematic dimensions of time, economic complexity and socio-political power.

碩士 / 國立臺灣大學 / 政治學研究所 / 93 / The government possessed of high personnel expense encounters the wholly exhausted finance. Without affecting the original institution performance under untying the present laws and regulations, however, it could simplify the human affairs and implement the flexible public manpower system, which is an inevitable tendency. This paper from a new public management theory viewpoint, and the governmental manpower, the official position and the salary as statistical population, utilizes regression models of SPSS 13.0 for windows and MINITAB 14 packages, and examines the structure of administrative organization staffs and public school jobholders and state-operated enterprise wage earners. At first, it was calculated the average month salary of incorporated administration, dispatch manpower, civil volunteers and public employees, approximately NT$ 58,093.Then based on the proposed pyramid manpower structure, reducing mass center of the original construction about 23.6% and being five strata with volume amount of 0.8 ﹪, 5.6 ﹪, 15.3 ﹪, 29.6 ﹪and 48.7 ﹪, and by using different ratios of the above-mentioned manpower, it was estimated to save the funds approximately NT$ 858~1186 hundred million every year, or to save total human affairs expense 31%~43% under keeping the supposition on temporary dispatch manpower of 48.7%. Besides "the improvement of government finance", civil volunteers group application ameliorates “the citizen to participate in the public affairs”, has its positive face and the significance. The pyramid manpower configuration is stable and effective , and promotes "the public internal structure transformation". The innovatory perspective to save the government personnel expense, is a better method for taking the policy-making reference on government financial deficit.

This study explores partnership working as a mechanism for effective public service delivery. It investigates into how Public-Social Enterprise Partnerships (P-SEPs) can utilise innovative models of user involvement and Service Innovation (SI) in the co-design and co-delivery of user-led socially-oriented services to young adults (18-24) in East England. It identifies the inability of P-SEPs to conceptually explore innovative models of user involvement and SI when engaging young-adult end users in the co-design and co-delivery of user-led solutions to `wicked` issues like `rough sleeping` as a gap in knowledge which I will explore three interrelated research questions in filling. This study draws conceptual inspiration from the network theory, the Pragmatic research paradigm and the inductive-deductive research strategy in exploring the Concurrent Mixed Method underpinned by Likert-scale questionnaires and semi-structure interviews as my data gathering instruments. The emergent conceptual framework from my data analyses posits that high users` perception of their involvement in the co-design and co-delivery of user-led public services can engineer satisfaction, transformational outcomes and high service quality. A fieldtrip provided the conceptual opportunity for me to explore three multiple-case studies in gathering qualitative data through semi-structured interviews administered to staff as these were coded, thematised and analysed using NVivo. Quantitative data from questionnaires administered to end users were analysed using Excel. Evidence gleaned from both strands was integrated and triangulated in complementing and enhancing my research findings. This study challenges misconceptions and dominant ideologies which underpin user involvement while making three interconnected contributions to knowledge. First, it extends the frontiers of knowledge in the discipline by creating new insights and articulating four innovative models of user involvement. Second, at the practical level, it contributes to the ongoing debate on conceptualising, modernising and delivering more effective userengineered public services by informing professional practice and policymaking. And third, at the theoretical level, it contributes towards the development of a theory on user involvement. It thus underlines the factual conclusion that high users` perception of their involvement in the co-design and co-delivery of user-led outcomes can engineer high user satisfaction, high service quality and transformational outcomes. It successfully re-positions the debates on user involvement on new conceptual and empirical grounds.

Depuis la décentralisation de 1982, suivie de la Loi Organique, relative aux Lois de Finance (L.O.L.F.), les administrations d'Etat et les organisations publiques ont beaucoup évolué. Ce nouveau contexte a un impact sur le contrôle de gestion des organisations publiques, qui se traduit par la mise en œuvre de nouveaux instruments. Notre recherche porte, grâce aux enseignements tirés de nos 3 études de terrain en Management Public, sur la production d'indicateurs (conception d'une démarche pertinente, architecture, construction et articulation des indicateurs, et enfin sur leurs exploitations et leurs actualisations). Le premier apport de cette thèse est donc d'ordre pratique, car grâce à ces préconisations portant sur les moments clefs de la démarche de construction et de mise en place des indicateurs cela va permettre d'apporter un "savoir actionnable" aux professionnels. Le second apport est d'ordre méthodologique, car la combinaison des différentes approches (2 recherches-actions, 1 observation participante, une analyse quantitative), a renforcé la validité de notre recherche. De plus, notre démarche a eu une dimension exploratoire, car elle a permis de faire un état de lieux en matière de contrôle de gestion tant au niveau d'organisations spécifiques, qu'au niveau des pratiques et jeux d'acteurs. Enfin, sur un plan conceptuel, nous montrons comment l'on peut articuler, au sein d'un même processus de modélisation des activités, des mesures relevant d'une vision partagée et des mesures plus objectives, car c'est l'articulation de ces deux types de mesure qui va renforcer la pertinence du système mis en place et gagner l'adhésion des acteurs du terrain / The State administrations and the public organisations in France have deeply evolved since the decentralisation of 1982 followed by the "Loi Organique" relative to the “Lois de Finance LOLF”. One impact of this emergent context on the management control takes the form of new management tools applied in the public organisations. This dissertation draws lessons on the production of indicators (the conception and architecture of a pertinent approach, the construction of different indicators and the articulation among them, and finally the exploitation and the updating of these indicators) based on three field studies conducted in public managements. The first contribution of this study is practical. The results and recommendations concerning the crucial periods of the construction and the application of indicators provide actionable knowledge to the concerned professionals. Secondly, a methodological contribution may be highlighted as multi-methods have been used (two action-researches, one participant observation, and one quantitative analysis). The combination of these different approaches reinforces the validity of the results. Moreover, this study draws up a literature review on the management control related to specific form of organisations and on the level of practices and different actors. Finally, the study shows how to articulate, for the same process of activities modelling, between measurements related to shared vision and more objective measurements. It is the articulation of these two types of measurements which strengthens the applied system and assures the adhesion of the field actors

<p>Vad det är som händer inom hälso- och sjukvårdssektorn är ett frågetecken, då vissa chefer blir ut- och inrullade i landstingens verksamheter. En vårdcentral har fått anlita konsultbolag för att kunna rekrytera en ny chef till sin verksamhet, då de misslyckat med rekryteringen själva. Idéer om New public management har börjat implementeras i landstingen, vilket betecknar den offentliga sektorns omvandling till att arbeta med företagiserade metoder gällande dess organisering och styrsätt. De nya arbetsmetoderna inom hälso- och sjukvårdssektorn har setts orsaka attitydproblem. Syftet med studien är att skapa en förståelse för hur ledningsarbetet inom offentliga hälso- och sjukvårdsorganisationer har kommit att påverkas av idéer om New public management. Studien har genomförts genom en kvalitativ forskningsmetod med en inriktning av hermeneutik. Studien är gjord på ett deduktivt vis, då teori har styrt forskningen. Studien innehåller material från fem kvalitativa intervjuer med olika chefer inom hälso- och sjukvårdssektorn. Studien behandlar ledarskapsteorier beträffande det pedagogiska ledarskapet samt förklaringar på begreppet New public management. Det resulterar vidare i en förståelse för hur idéer om New public management kan förklara de ledningsproblem som kan ses inom hälso- och sjukvårdssektorn. De slutliga reflektionerna av studien påpekar att det bland medarbetarna saknas förståelse för varför man har börjat förändra och effektivisera i hälso- och sjukvårdssektorns organisationer. Dock arbetar chefer inom hälso- och sjukvårdssektorn för att lägga mycket tid till att ständigt påminna sina medarbetare om syftet med utveckling och förändringar i verksamheternas organisationer. Troligen kommer chefer alltid att ha problem gällande förändringsarbeten, då det sitter i väggarna hur man alltid arbetat inom hälso- och sjukvårdssektorn. Möjligen när poster byts ut i framtiden och unga medarbetare tillkommer kanske de kan hjälpa till i utvecklingen och förändringen i verksamheterna.</p> / <p>What is happening in the medical care organizations is a question, as managers are frequently removed and replaced in the county councils. A care centre has been forced to hire a consulting-firm to be able to recruit a new manager to the care centre, because they failed in recruiting a new manager on their own. Ideas about New public management have started to be applied in the country councils, which signify the transformation to more business-like methods in the organizations. In the medical cares centres attitude problems can be seen from the personnel against the new work methods being employed. The purpose of this study is to create an understanding about how leadership work in the medical centres has been by ideas of the New public management. The study is carried out with a qualitative research method directed to the hermeneutics researcher’s way. A deductive way of work is followed, where the theory has control over the research. The study includes five interviews with five managers in different care centres. The study also deals with leadership theories  regarding the pedagogical leadership and explanations about New public management. It results in an understanding, if leadership problems in the health care sector can explain true ideas from New public management. The finial reflections of the study point out that it does not exist an understanding in why the organizations in the health care have started to change the organizations to make them more effective. However the managers are working or constantly reminding the personnel of the aim of working with organization changes. Managers will probably be compelled to deal with the leaderships problems in the medical health centres. Possibly in the future when posts are changed and young people, with other thoughts about how to work, arrive, the development and changes in the organizations may be assisted.</p>

Thesis ( Ph.D. ) -- University of Texas at Arlington, 2008.

碩士 / 國立臺灣大學 / 資訊管理研究所 / 90 / Conventional hierarchical organisations are inadequate in storing publications that are inherently multi-dimensional. We propose ad hoc browse, which facilitates the flexibility of concept lattice browsing — allowing a user to navigate the document space by refining and generalising multi-dimensional search criteria incrementally with strong feedback — but without the major drawbacks of prior researches. Browsing is performed in a hypercube document space with an integrated interface in the form of a concept hierarchy tree with summarisation guidance. A user can select any set of concepts in the navigation tree in arbitrary order, allowing powerful and flexible ad hoc browsing. The tree morphs according to the current user selection, and provides strong quantitative and qualitative feedback on the browsed document set. A cross-platform, peer-to-peer architecture, modular implementation is prototyped in Java and its performance benchmarked. The measured system performances reveal that current day PCs can provide adequate response time for our proposed browsing methodology on databases with document and attribute size in the order of ten thousand.

碩士 / 開南大學 / 公共事務管理學系碩士班 / 95 / The relationship between government and market often changes in mutual exclusion and complementary one , caused government’s management evolves constantly in theory and practice. Therefore, the challenge which public administration has met in the 21st century is there are many kinds of methodology and reforms that we have to deal with. It would not be better when governmental functions beyond its scope, because a “big” government will probably cause incapability and malfunction. But, it does not means a “ small” government would be proper one. In many cases, it may cause market’s failure which result from the reduction of government’s abilities for macroscopic regulation or out of its control. So countries must often aware that make rational adjustment to their own function, i.e. to harmonize with the government, the market and citizens in search of an adequate system to meet the need of modern socio-economic developments. In a situation that traditional authority and public affair management are now facing diverse challenges. Therefore, many domestic public affairs have to refer to Non-governmental Organizations, or the so called “Third Sector”, for the implementation of practical management. The autonomous management organization of the Legal Aid Foundation in this paper also belongs to the “Third Sector”. Legal Aid Act is an important bill concerning and is what we citizens expect in common. Legislation on Condominium and has been made worldwide about 10 to 20 years ago to regulate the living quality and ensure public safety. In Taiwan, it is also promulgated on Jan 7,2004.

This research describes and compares different approaches of the Better Regulation implementation in Danish Ministry of Industry & Trade and Lithuanian Ministry of Economics. These two ministries have been facing many common management problems relatively at the same time period, along with the ever-changing economic challenges and EU requirements. While the Danish ministry is being one of the most effectively restructured and de-burocratized into a project organization in EU, the Lithuanian Ministry of Economics remains at quite a low level of reformation. Even though both of these ministries had common goals, their reform purposes were completely different: the Danish reform was about to increase the Ministry’s capacity in developing new policy initiatives, to increase flexibility in resource allocation, and to make the organization an attractive working place for future graduates from universities; while the purposes of Lithuanian reform are still more about general compatibility with EU requirements.

Despite a high level of gender equality and fulfilment of women’s rights and human rights in general, violence against women - particularly rape and domestic violence - remains a national public health problem in Norway. Based on theories of public management I investigate why the system of public management falls short when it comes to violence against women, and also what different societal actors suggest as solutions to the problem. The efficiency of the system depends upon its accessibility - the degree to which clients come into contact with the system and make use of the services it provides. By using qualitative data generated through interviews with politicians and professionals who work on the field, I argue that the accessibility of the system is low for victims of rape and domestic violence due to 1) certain characteristics of the system, 2) a high threshold between the victim and the system and 3) challenges with the interaction between the victim and the system. When it comes to the suggested solutions, I find that they could have a positive effect seen from the perspective of public management. The informants focus upon the importance of more crosssectoral cooperation, the need for changing some rules, a different approach on who should be the primary client of the system, the importance of working with children and with children in mind, and improvements in attitudes, knowledge and understanding among both professionals and people in general.