Submitted by Alison Vanceto (alison-vanceto@hotmail.com) on 2016-12-19T11:04:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissWMR.pdf: 1298141 bytes, checksum: 39703f5d32a7387ea1b12d41426d0860 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2017-01-16T18:13:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissWMR.pdf: 1298141 bytes, checksum: 39703f5d32a7387ea1b12d41426d0860 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2017-01-16T18:14:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissWMR.pdf: 1298141 bytes, checksum: 39703f5d32a7387ea1b12d41426d0860 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-16T18:14:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissWMR.pdf: 1298141 bytes, checksum: 39703f5d32a7387ea1b12d41426d0860 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-19 / Não recebi financiamento / This paper proposes a system to help the managers of a Federal University, aiming to identify and to monitor the risks that might appear during the creation of its Plan of Management and or Strategic Plan. For this, the concepts of risks and risks management are developed based on several methodologies used, mainly, in the private sector. Thus, an adaptation of those methodologies was performed in a public institution, which has many characteristics, such as: not seeking profit, vision of equity, multicriterial decision making, among others. In this scenery, a system based on the FMEA was developed to help managers during the process of elaboration of the Plans of management and of its details in the Strategic Plan. This action has the purpose to apply on a preliminary stage of reflection, the FMEA, which must occur in the planning moment, once it will reveal the risks of implementing the proposed actions. The results of the case study in the Strategic Planning pointed out that the actions are still in progress, after application of FMEA, were classified as moderate to high level, a fact that points to the need for treatment of the risks involving the action, with the purpose that the objectives were achieved within the planning period. Or even, it could happen a preliminary analysis of the action to scale their placement in PE with compliance just steps to involve other future periods efforts. However, the systematic application of the developed model should be adjusted to provide the best facility of use. / O trabalho propõe uma sistemática com o objetivo de mitigar e monitorar os riscos que podem surgir na elaboração do seu Plano de Gestão e/ou Planejamento Estratégico da Universidade Federal de São Carlos. Para tanto, são desenvolvidos os conceitos de riscos e gestão de riscos baseados em diversas metodologias utilizadas, principalmente, no setor privado. Assim, foi realizada uma adaptação dessas metodologias considerando o ambiente de uma instituição pública que apresenta características diversas como: não visa lucro, visão de equidade, tomada de decisões multicritérios entre outras. Neste cenário, foi desenvolvida, com base na metodologia FMEA, uma sistemática para auxiliar os gestores durante o processo de elaboração dos Planos de Gestão e no seu detalhamento no Planejamento Estratégico, com o propósito de aplicar em uma etapa preliminar de reflexão, a FMEA, que deve acontecer no momento de planejar, visto evidenciará os riscos de execução das ações propostas. O resultado do estudo de caso no Planejamento Estratégico apontou que as ações que ainda estão em andamento, após aplicação da FMEA, foram classificadas com nível moderado e alto, fato que alerta para a necessidade do tratamento dos riscos que envolva a ação, com o propósito de que os objetivos fossem atingidos dentro do período do planejamento. Ou ainda, poderia acontecer uma análise preliminar da ação para dimensionar sua colocação no PE com cumprimento apenas de etapas por envolver outros períodos futuros de gestões. Entretanto a sistemática de aplicação do modelo desenvolvido deve ser ajustado para propiciar a melhor facilidade do seu uso.

This study provides an analysis of public debt dynamics with a view to assess the optimal size and composition of public debt in Zimbabwe that is consistent with maintaining public debt at sustainable levels. The analysis was performed by applying public debt data for Zimbabwe over the period 1980 to 2012. Robustness checks were conducted, using data for selected low income countries in the sub-Saharan Africa. The study was motivated by the public debt management concerns caused by the 2008/09 global financial crisis and the European sovereign debt crisis as well as the external public debt overhang experienced by Zimbabwe since the year 2000. The findings of the study complement existing research findings and information on public debt management of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and other researchers. The major contribution of this thesis is the determination of optimal public debt thresholds for Zimbabwe. The optimal public debt thresholds were estimated from a joint analysis of the macroeconomic variables that affect public debt and the reaction of fiscal policy to changes in debt. The classical linear regression and Bayesian Vector Auto Regression (BVAR) models were applied to examine the drivers of debt accumulation and to assess the sensitivity of debt to macroeconomic shocks. The information from the drivers of public debt accumulation, together with the fiscal response mechanism was used to calibrate the long-run stable (optimal) public debt target. The optimal public debt threshold was also determined by assessing the link between public debt and economic growth. This assessment was carried out to establish the tipping point beyond which public debt adversely affects growth. Such a tipping point provides valuable information on the optimal size of public debt. The study also applied simulation approaches to determine the optimal composition of public debt. The results show that public debt dynamics in Zimbabwe largely comprised extensive stock flow adjustments emanating from extra budgetary expenditures to meet social and political related needs. The results of the assessment on the sensitivity of public debt to macroeconomic shocks show that Zimbabwe‟s public debt has been more vulnerable to economic growth, exchange rate and interest rate shocks. The significant influence of these variables highlights the role of automatic debt dynamics in public debt management. The results from the fiscal reaction function show that government has been responding positively to increases in public debt. This analysis also shows that government‟s policies are a-cyclical; as explained by the negative and insignificant response of the primary balance to the output gap. The dynamic stochastic simulation analysis suggests that Zimbabwe‟s public debt could follow an array of potential paths depending on the policy stance implemented by government. The simulated risk to public debt dynamics is larger, with an upper bound public debt to GDP ratio of 100 per cent and a lower bound public debt ratio of 32 per cent. The simulated lower bound provides a measure of a natural debt limit, which the government could adopt without fearing the risk of default. The results suggest that the main risks to public debt sustainability lie in growth shocks, whose volatility have been high for the period under study. The results from the analysis of growth and debt confirm the existence of an optimal growth maximising public debt ratio depicted by an inverted U-shaped relationship between public debt and economic growth. The optimal size of public debt was found to be at public debt levels of between 45-50 per cent of GDP. This means that higher public debt ratios have been associated with lower economic growth rates at debt levels above 50 per cent of GDP. The results are consistent with empirical findings for low income countries which suggest the existence of a debt laffer-curve. The results from an analysis of an optimal composition of public debt show a trade-off between a debt composition with more external concessional debt and one with more domestic debt. While a composition with more concessional borrowing was found to be desirable from a cost perspective, it proved to be less desirable from a risk perspective after taking into consideration stock flow adjustments due to changes in cross exchange rates. The findings of the study point to a need for the Zimbabwean government to swiftly respond to increases in public debt to control the swings in debt dynamics caused by macroeconomic shocks. The inverted U-shaped relationship between debt and growth suggests that government borrowing must be done in a way that simultaneously entrenches debt sustainability and ensures sustained economic growth rates in the medium to long-term. The study also highlights the need for counter-cyclical macroeconomic policies to avoid explosive debt dynamics emanating from frequent changes in the business cycle, and to minimise the interest/growth rate differential to ensure sustainable public debt dynamics. There is also a need for authorities to ensure a true balance between external and domestic borrowing to minimise the volatility in debt service costs caused by macroeconomic shocks. Generally, the findings from this study can assist in informing the policy agenda to address the imperatives of debt resolution, fiscal consolidation and economic growth acceleration.

This essay aims to investigate one municipality's integration activities within the framework of Swedish integration policy. The municipality integrations activities are aimed at new arrivals. The purpose is to explain how municipal integration activities in practice relate to the framework of Swedish integration policy in connection with helping enrolled participants towards self-sufficiency. That is, whether they fulfill the requirement from the integration policy. The method is based on institutional ethnography. I derive the research question from knowledge obtained in connection to an internship I exercised at a labor market and integration unit in a Swedish municipality for fifteen weeks. I conducted qualitative interviews with staff working at the integration unit. I derived the theoretical framework mainly from Dorothy Smiths's work on institutional circles and ruling relations and Pierre Bourdieu's on capital, field, and habitus. The results show that Swedish integration policy operates by the new public management model, where individual responsibility for self-sufficiency is the focus. When the individual's responsibility does not meet society's expectations, the individual is excluded. This may be due to poor Swedish language skills for new arrivals. The unit manager opens up municipal integration activities by applying for EU funding. The EU funds require the unit to adapt and report on its activities after their wishes. Then, they can got continued financing. The staff enables participants to take individual responsibility by showing participants how to master the required authority-defined digital tools. It can be how to identify yourself via bank id. Finally, the staff work under a textual regime that requires the participant to achieve literacy to integrate with society more effectively.

This research project seeks to identify commonalities and differences between new administrative ideologies in the United States and post-Soviet Russia. To achieve this goal, the study explores the question of administrative ideology through the lens of the New Public Management (NPM) related reforms, which spread around much of the world in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. The discussion is structured around two broad themes identified in the review of the literature on NPM and Reinventing Government: the new vision of the government (and its bureaucracy) and the relationship between government and the public. As a method of inquiry, the study uses the review and analysis of official publications and elite interviews with high-ranking officials, analysts, and scholars in the United States and Russia. The research demonstrates that although new ideologies of administration in the United States and Russia share significant characteristics, they differ in a number of important respects. / Ph. D.

Aus der Einleitung: In den letzten Jahren vollzieht sich ein gesellschaftlicher Wandlungsprozess von der Industrie- zur Informationsgesellschaft. Diese Entwicklung wird getragen vom zunehmenden Einsatz internetbasierter Informations- und Kommunikationstechnik (IuK). Mit Electronic Government (eGovernment) stößt auch die öffentliche Verwaltung die Tür zur Welt des Internets auf. Doch schon vor eGovernment hat der IuK -Einsatz im Rahmen der Verwaltungsinformatik eine lange Tradition. Der entscheidende Einschnitt folgte aber ab Mitte der 90er Jahre mit der Virtualisierung der Verwaltung: Von der Einbindung ins Internet, der Integration bestehender Systeme per Intranet bis hin zur Digitalisierung gesamter Verwaltungsabläufe. Doch lässt sich eGovernment nicht auf technische Anwendungen reduzieren. Vielmehr hat eGovernment erhebliche Potenziale zur Verwaltungsmodernisierung und rückt seit Ende der 90er Jahre in den Mittelpunkt der Diskussion um eine Verwa ltungsreform. Dabei baut eGovernment als parallele Entwicklungslinie auf einige Elemente des New Public Management (NPM) auf. Mit eGovernment verbindet sich die Hoffnung, den gewandelten Umfeldbedingungen und zunehmenden Anforderungen an die öffentliche Verwaltung hinsichtlich Effektivität, Effizienz, Kunden-, Qualitäts- und Wettbewerbsorientierung gerecht zu werden.

Magistro baigiamajame darbe atskleistos NVV pagrindinės atsiradimo priežastys, principai ir disfunkcijos, išaiškintas NVV evoliucijos į naująjį viešąjį valdymą procesas, nagrinėtos naujojo viešojo valdymo ypatybės bei pateiktos sėkmingo įgyvendinimo galimybės ir būtinos sąlygos. Šie procesai įtakoja valstybės viešosios politikos formavimą ir įgyvendinimą, visuomenės narių padėtį bei šalies ekonominę ir socialinę situaciją. Apžvelgti NVV atsiradimą sąlygoję veiksniai, išanalizuota NVV samprata, pagrindiniai principai ir įgyvendinimo trukdžiai. Nagrinėtas NVV evoliucijos į naująjį viešąjį valdymą procesas bei naujojo viešojo valdymo ištakos, specifika ir elementų visuma. Taip pat aptartos šių laikų naujojo viešojo valdymo ypatybės ir įgyvendinimo sunkumai bei pateiktos problemų sprendimų galimybės. NVV, vadybinių principų taikymas viešajame sektoriuje suponavo daug viešojo valdymo pokyčių, siekė viešojo valdymo procesų efektyvinimo ir teikiamų paslaugų kokybės gerinimo. Dėl įgyvendinimo priemonių parinkimo ir tinkamos aplinkos stokos, NVV sąlygojo daug disfunkcijų, kas įtakojo koncepcijos evoliucionavimo būtinybę. NVV evoliucionavo į naująjį viešąjį valdymą, kuris iškėlė efektyvumo ir demokratiškumo derinimo problemą, socialinės gerovės užtikrinimo svarbą. Viešojo valdymo modernizavimui reikalinga derinti įvairias teorines koncepcijas ir ieškoti tinkamiausių įgyvendinimo priemonių bei galimybių. / Master‘s work exposed the main causes of NPM, basic principles and dysfunctions, explained the evolution process from NPM to the new public governance, analyzed the new public management features, necessary conditions and posibility for successful implementation. These processes influence the public policy formation and implementation, public members‘ status and country‘s economic and social situation. There were reviewed factors of NPM‘s emergence, analyzed NPM concept, the basic principles and interference of implementation, considered the evolution process from NPM to the new public governance and the NPM origins, specificity and the set of elements. There were discussed about new public governance properties in these days and implementation problems as well as problems‘ solutions and capabilities. NPM, managerial principles aiming in the public sector, determined the range of public management changes, pursue the public management processes, improving the efficiency and quality of public services. Due to measures of implementation and the lack of appropriate environment, NPM influence some dysfunctions, which caused a necessity of conpet‘s evolution. NPM has evolved into the new public governance, which elevated the problem of efficiency and democracy coordination and importance of social welfare. To modernize public management there is necessary to combine different theoretical concepts and search for the most appropriate implementation‘s measures and opportunities.

Inledning: Forskning avseende ledarskap och chefskap består av en djungel av teorier och dess diskurs är splittrad. På 1990-talet skedde kraftiga reformer inom offentlig sektor i syfte att göra den offentliga sektorn mer lik den privata. En ökad grupp av äldre och omfattande reformer har gjort chefernas arbete inom branschen mer komplex. Massmedia har framställt en bild av att äldreomsorgen under 2000-talet har befunnit sig i en stor kris i takt med den ökade privatiseringen och utvecklingen av New Public Management, vilket i sin tur ställer högre krav på cheferna. Syfte: Studien vill skapa förståelse för hur chefer inom äldreomsorgen ser på chefskap respektive ledarskap samt på krav som kan kopplas till deras roll som chefer. Studiens ambition är att ur ett individperspektiv bidra med en större förståelse för de krav som ställs på dagens chefer och komplexiteten i samband med deras chefskap. Metod: Tolkande förhållningssätt med en kvalitativ ansats, där semistrukturerade intervjuer använts för att samla empiri. Resultat/Slutsats: Chefskap och ledarskap som begrepp har genomgått omfattande förändringar. Chefskapet har blivit mer komplext i och med att rollen har förändrats och kraven har ökat. Detta till följd av ökade regleringar och kontroller i sviterna av New Public Management som till stor del kännetecknas av administration. Trots en distinkt skillnad mellan ledarskap och chefskap dras slutsatsen att krav finns på att dessa roller ska samverka och i ökad grad kommer att behöva göra det. Viktiga element i chefspositionen i enlighet med respondenterna är; coachning, motivering och stöttning av medarbetarna vilket motsvarar deras definition av ledarskap. Utifrån detta går det att dra slutsatsen att det idag inte längre räcker att agera som en traditionell chef som styr utan i chefskapet ska också ledarskapet inkluderas. / Introduction: Managership and leadership science is a jungle of theories with a fragmented discourse. Severe reforms during the 20th century was implemented with the purpose of making the public sector more similar to the private one. An increase in the number of elderly combined with several reforms has resulted in more demands put on the management. During the 21st century media portrays a crisis within the geriatric care due to increased privatization and the development of New Public Management which in turn place greater demands on the leaders within this sphere. Purpose: This paper aims to create an understanding of managership and leadership within the geriatric care from a management perspective. The results may contribute to a greater understanding of the demands put on today’s leaders and the complexity related to their managing from an individual perspective. Method: An interpretive and qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews Results/Conclusion: Managership and leadership as a concept has undergone extensive changes. Increased responsibilities and demands has made managership more complex. This is due to increased regulations and controls as a result of New Public Management which in turn has led to an increased number of administrative duties. Despite a distinct difference between managership and leadership the paper concludes that it exists demands these roles should interact and also increasingly will need to do it. According to the respondents essential elements for a manager is: coaching, motivating and supporting of the employees, which represents their definition of leadership. Consequently, it is possible to conclude there is no longer enough to act as a traditional manager which only controls but in managership should also the leadership be included.

The point of this essay is to study a municipal owned company with the use of a case study on Höganäs Omsorg AB. Two theories has primarily been used which is New Public Management, which favors economic value, and Public Value Management, which favors social values. The two different theories have been applied on the municipal owned company to see how social and economic values are balanced in its governance. Höganäs Omsorg AB is a young municipal owned company where many parts of its organizational structure is still in development. The parts of the municipal owned company that still are in development are primarily within the economically favored theory New Public Management. In these early stages of the enterprise the social values have taken a greater place of the two values. It shows from how social aspects are present in every move the enterprise makes as economic values will have to take a slight step back occasionally to give space. One of the main reasons behind that social values has been favored within the enterprise is most likely thanks to that leadership positions in the municipal owned company and the municipality is held by the same individuals.

Den här studien har studerat styrning och maktfördelning inom ramen för delegationsordningarna i Utbildningsnämnden i Uppsala kommun. Genom att studera vem som äger rätt att fatta vilket beslut samt var i hierarkin det sker försöker studien ta reda på om det skett några förändringar över tiden 1991-2021. Studien tar sin utgångspunkt i de delegationsorngar som fanns när Uppsala kommun var indelat i olika kommundelsnämnder och tittar på hur de förändrats över tid sedan huvudmannaskapet för skolan övergick till kommunerna. Ambitionen med kommunaliseringen var att skapa ett mer verksamhetsnära beslutsfattande. Studiens resultat pekar i riktning mot att det visserligen skett en decentraliseringen, på så sätt att beslutsfattandet över skolan förflyttats från staten ner till kommunal nivå, men att det inom Uppsala kommun snarare skett en förändring mot ökad centralisering av styrningen, med en ökad byråkratisering som följd. Rektorerna har förlorat mycket av det delegerade beslutsfattandet de hade i början på 1990-talet och idag ligger det mesta av beslutsfattandet på någon i linjechefsposition inom förvaltningen. / This study has analysed governance and the distribution of power within the frame of the schedule of delegation in the standing Committee of education in the Council of Uppsala. By studying which body has the authority to make a specific decision, and where in the power hierarchy, this thesis is aiming at figuring out if there have been any changes of the distribution of power over time. A starting point for this analysis is the schedule of delegation whick were place at the time when the city of Uppsala was divided in diffrent local councils. How where they structured at the time of the municipality school reform and what were the ambitions of more locally rooted decision making? The result of the study suggests that there have, in fact, been a decentralisation of power from the central national level to a local level, but that within the local administration we have seen a change that points to a higher degree of centralisation and bureaucratization, contrary to the initial intention of the reform. The school principals have lost a lot of the earlier delegation authority. Today much of the decisions lay instead in the hands of middle management at the council administration.

Syftet med den här studien har varit att belysa och analysera de diskursiva konstruktionerna av begreppet pedagogiskt ledarskap i Stockholms stads kvalitetsutmärkelse i kategorin förskola. De frågor som jag har svarat på är vilka diskurser kring pedagogiskt ledarskap kan identifieras i förskolechefers deklarationer i bidragen och hur begreppet pedagogiskt ledarskap konstrueras i dessa bidrag. Metoden jag har använt för att genomföra studien har varit diskursanalys. Studieobjekt har varit de fyra sista tävlingsbidragen som har vunnit kvalitetsutmärkelsepriset. I dessa bidrag har jag fokuserat på de frågorna som förskolecheferna har svarat på i rubriken chef- och ledarskap. I min diskursanalys har jag använt mig av diskursteorin som analysverktyg. Utifrån de redskap som diskursteorin innehåller har jag utvecklat de analytiska begreppen som konstrueras och konstruerar de diskurser som formar begreppet pedagogiskt ledarskap. Studiens resultat har visat att det går att urskilja två dominerande diskurser i relation till pedagogiskt ledarskap, New Public Management och Reggio Emilias approach. Dessa två diskurser formar i sin tur sättet hur ledarskapet framställs i bidragen. Studiens slutsats visar att det pågår en kamp mellan de dominerande diskurserna. I den kampen är New public management den diskursen som på ett kontingent sätt har en hegemoni i de analyserade bidragen.