Energimyndigheten har drivit ett projekt kallat ”Förbättrad energistatistik i bebyggelsen” för att få mer kunskap om energianvändningen i byggnader.  Denna rapport fokuserar på ”Mätning av hushållsel på apparatnivå” som var ett delprojekt. Diverse regressionsmodeller används i denna rapport för att undersöka sambandet mellan elanvändningen och de olika förklarande variablerna, som exempelvis hushållens bakgrundsvariabler, hushållstyp och geografiska läge, elförbrukningen av olika elapparater samt antalet elapparater. Datamaterialet innefattar 389 hushåll där de flesta är spridda runt om i Mälardalen. Ett fåtal mätningar gjordes på hushåll i Kiruna och Malmö. Slutsatsen vi kan dra från denna uppsats är att hushållens bakgrund, hustyp, geografiska läge och antal elapparater samt dessa apparaters typ har relevans för elförbrukningen i ett hushåll. / The Swedish Energy Agency conducted a project which is called “Improved energy statistics for settlements”. This report focuses on one field of the project: “households’ electricity use on device level”. Various regression models are used in the analysis to analyze the relationship between electricity usage and different explanatory variables, for instance: background variables for the household, type of household, geographical setting, usage of different electrical devices and quantity of electrical devices used.  The data material consists of 389 households which are spread around the region of Märlardalen except for a few households from the communities of Kiruna and Malmö. The conclusion we can draw from this thesis shows that the background variables for a household, its type, its geographical setting and the amount and type of devices it contains all have a contribution to the electricity usage in the household. / Förbättrad energistatistik i bebyggelsen

Uppsatsens syfte var att undersöka hur personer som i yrket möter kvinnor som har varit utsatta för våld i nära relationer upplever att mörkertalet för våldet ser ut, orsaker till anmälningsbenägenhetens låga nivå, samt hur Polisens arbete upplevs fungera mot våld i nära relationer. Undersökningen genomfördes genom kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med personer i Gävleborgs län, som genom arbetet mött kvinnor som utsatts för våld i nära relationer. Uppsatsen undersökte hur intervjupersonerna som arbetar på myndigheter som Polismyndigheten och Socialtjänsten samt organisationer som kvinnojourer eller brottsofferjourer uppfattar mörkertalet och dess orsaker. I resultatet framkom att den våldsutsatta individens individuella förutsättningar uppfattades styra sökandet efter stöd. Ävenbemötandet från myndigheter och andra organisationer var avgörande. Andra framträdande slutsatser var att intervjupersonerna hade uppfattningen att Polisens arbete behövde förbättrad kompetens för området våld i nära relationer, trots att de flesta var nöjda med Polisens arbete. Mörkertalet upplevdes vara okänt och svårdefinierat. / The aim for this study was to research the perception of hidden statistic according to workers that meet victims of domestic violence and causes for the low level of propensity to report. As well as research how, the policing works against domestic violence. This was implemented through qualitative semi-structured interviews with people in Gävleborg, who works with victims of domestic violence. The study showed the perceptions of the people working at authorities like the Police, Social services, or voluntary organizations like girl- and women’s shelters. It emerged that victims' individual and interpersonal prerequisites perceived as guiding their help-seeking but that reply from the authorities was crucial. Other prominent conclusions were that interviewees inherited the perception that policing had to improve their knowledge and competence in this field, despite the majority were satisfied with the policing. The interviewee’s thought hidden statistics has unknown extent and is difficult to define.

The main goal of Commercial Carriers is to deliver packages respecting the promises made to customers. Therefore, backlog prevention systems play a crucial role considering that backlogs would prevent CCs to reach their primary objective. This work aims at analyzing the state of the art of current available solutions to overcome these limitations, and, on top of those, a new approach is proposed. Then, the new proposal is evaluated and compared to already deployed solutions. The mechanism analyzed in this thesis aims at reaching, through the use of statistics, comparable results to ML solutions in terms of accuracy, but requiring less computational resources. To achieve this, the proposed methodology relies on a statistical model that does not need to be trained and executed, as typical ML models. As a consequence, one of the main benefits is the speed of execution: requiring less than 30 seconds, about 25 times faster than ML approaches. Our findings show that our approach requires about 15% of the data other solutions need: this is a significant advancement with respect to the current state of the art. This constitutes an additional benefit in terms of cost savings for tech resources, both in terms of data storage and program execution. Results prove the effectiveness of the proposal, with 80% accuracy, about 10% lower than averages ML approaches. Key point is the difference in the approach, for which is worth to evaluate the trade-off. Considering the effective low frequency of events that negatively impact the performances and result in backlog, the proposed approach would be valid for everyday scenarios but it would be still advisable to rely on even more accurate technologies during particularly intense periods. / Huvudmålet för Commercial Carriers är att leverera paket som respekterar de löften som ges till kunderna. Därför spelar system för att förebygga eftersläpning en avgörande roll med tanke på att eftersläpningar skulle hindra CC:s att nå sitt primära mål. Detta arbete syftar till att analysera det senaste inom nuvarande tillgängliga lösningar för att övervinna dessa begränsningar, och utöver dessa föreslås ett nytt tillvägagångssätt. Därefter utvärderas det nya förslaget och jämförs med redan implementerade lösningar. Mekanismen som analyseras i denna avhandling syftar till att, genom användning av statistik, nå resultat som är jämförbara med ML-lösningar när det gäller noggrannhet, men som kräver mindre beräkningsresurser. För att uppnå detta bygger den föreslagna metodiken på en statistisk modell som inte behöver tränas och utföras, som typiska ML-modeller. Som en konsekvens är en av de största fördelarna körhastigheten: kräver mindre än 30 sekunder, ungefär 25 gånger snabbare än ML närmar sig. Våra resultat visar att vårt tillvägagångssätt kräver cirka 15% av den data som andra lösningar behöver: detta är ett betydande framsteg med avseende på den nuvarande teknikens ståndpunkt. Detta utgör en ytterligare fördel i form av kostnadsbesparingar för tekniska resurser, både vad gäller datalagring och programexekvering. Resultaten bevisar effektiviteten av förslaget, med 80% noggrannhet, cirka 10% lägre än genomsnittet för ML. Nyckelpunkten är skillnaden i tillvägagångssättet, som är värt att utvärdera avvägningen. Med tanke på den effektiva låga frekvensen av händelser som negativt påverkar prestandan och leder till eftersläpning, skulle det föreslagna tillvägagångssättet vara giltigt för vardagliga scenarier, men det skulle fortfarande vara tillrådligt att förlita sig på ännu mer exakt teknik under särskilt intensiva perioder.

碩士 / 東海大學 / 統計學系 / 93 /

published_or_final_version / Nursing Studies / Master / Master of Nursing

<p> Research has demonstrated that well into their undergraduate and even graduate education, learners often struggle to understand basic statistical concepts, fail to see their relevance in their personal and professional lives, and often treat them as little more than mere mathematics exercises. Undergraduate learners often see statistical concepts as means to passing exams, completing required courses, and moving on with their degree, and not as <i>instruments of inquiry</i> that can illuminate their world in new and useful ways. </p><p> This study explored ways help learners in an undergraduate learning context to treat statistical inquiry as mattering in a practical research context, by inviting them to ask questions about and analyze large, real, messy datasets that they have collected about their own personal lives (i.e., <i>self </i>-data). This study examined the conditions under which such an intervention might (and might not) successfully lead to a greater sense of the relevance of statistics to undergraduate learners. The goal is to place learners in a context where their relationship with data analysis can more closely mimic that of disciplinary professionals than that of students with homework; that is, where they are illuminating something about their world that concerns them for reasons beyond the limited concerns of the classroom.</p><p> The study revealed five themes in the experiences of learners working with self-data that highlight contexts in which data-analysis can be made to matter to learners (and how self-data can make that more likely): learners must be able to form expectations of the data, whether based on their own experiences or external benchmarks; the data should have variation to account for; the learners should treat the ups and downs of the data as more or less preferable in some way; the data should address or related to ongoing projects or concerns of the learner; and finally, learners should be able to investigate quantitative or qualitative covariates of their data. In addition, narrative analysis revealed that learners using self-data treated data analysis as more than a mere classroom exercise, but as exercises in inquiry and with an invested engagement that mimicked (in some ways) that of a disciplinary professional. </p>

In this dissertation, we consider the problem of partitioning a set of k population with respect to a control population. For this problem some multistage methodologies are proposed and their properties are derived. Using the Monte Carlo simulation techniques, the small and moderate sample size performance of the proposed procedure are studied. We have also considered at statistical surveillance of various cancers in Louisiana.

碩士 / 東海大學 / 統計學系 / 91 / There are two goals in this thesis. The first goal is to implement some commonly used statistical methods in J#.Net, the developing program language by Microsoft. These programs can be executed on the server side and the users can obtain the results via internet. The second goal is to develop the statistical on-line case study by incorporating the game and humor of statistics. The case study aims at training the students to search for the data, analyze them and make the conclusions, all via internet. On the other hand, the game and humor of statistics help to motivate the students to learn statistics.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mathematics, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 155-163) and index. / Random matrix theory is a maturing discipline with decades of research in multiple fields now beginning to converge. Experience has shown that many exact formulas are available for certain matrices with real, complex, or quaternion entries. In random matrix jargon, these are the cases β = 1, 2 and 4 respectively. This thesis explores the general P > 0 case mathematically and with symbolic software. We focus on generalizations of the Hermite distributions originating in physics (the "Gaussian" ensembles) and the Laguerre distributions of statistics (the "Wishart" matrices). One of our main contributions is the construction of tridiagonal matrix models for the general (β > 0) 0 β-Hermite and (β > 0, a > β(m - 1)/2) β-Laguerre ensembles of parameter a and size m, and investigate applications of these new ensembles, particularly in the areas of eigenvalue statistics. The new models are symmetric tridiagonal, and with entries from real distributions, regardless of the value of β. The entry distributions are either normal or X, so "classical", and the independence pattern is maximal, in the sense that the only constraints arise from the symmetric/semi-definite condition. The β-ensemble distributions have been studied for the particular 1, 2, 4 values of p as joint eigenvalue densities for full random matrix ensembles (Gaussian, or Hermite, and Wishart, or Laguerre) with real, complex, and quaternion entries (for references, see [66] and [70]). In addition, general -ensembles were considered and studied as theoretical distributions ([8, 51, 50, 55, 56]), with applications in lattice gas theory and statistical mechanics (the parameter being interpreted as an arbitrary inverse temperature of a Coulomb gas with logarithmic potential). / (cont.) Certain eigenvalue statistics over these general β-ensembles, namely those expressible in terms of integrals of symmetric polynomials with corresponding Hermite or Laguerre weights, can be computed in terms of multivariate orthogonal polynomials (Hermite or Laguerre). We have written a Maple Library (MOPs: Multivariate Orthogonal Polynomials symbolically) which implements some new and some known algorithms for computing the Jack, Hermite, Laguerre, and Jacobi multivariate polynomials for arbitrary. This library can be used as a tool for conjecture-formulation and testing, for statistical computations, or simply for getting acquainted with the mathematical concepts. Some of the figures in this thesis have been obtained using MOPs. Using the new β-ensemble models, we have been able to provide a unified perspective of the previously isolated 1, 2, and 4 cases, and prove generalizations for some of the known eigenvalue statistics to arbitrary β. We have rediscovered (in the Hermite case) a strong version of the Wigner Law (semi-circle), and proved (in the Laguerre case) a strong version of the similar law (generalized quarter-circle). We have obtained first-order perturbation theory for the P large case, and we have reason to believe that the tridiagonal models in the large n (ensemble size) limit will also provide a link between the largest eigenvalue distributions for both Hermite and Laguerre for arbitrary P (for β = 1, 2, this link was proved to exist by Johannson [52] and Johnstone [53]) ... / by Ioana Dumitriu. / Ph.D.

Thesis (S.B. and M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 45). / by Tammy Yap. / S.B.and M.Eng.