Rajiv Gandhi's violent death in May 1991 signalled the end of an entire era for the Congress Party: the long-lasting rule of the dynasty was over. Subsequent developments in the party have raised the question of change versus continuity. Has the end of the dynasty led to the birth of a new Congress, or will the dynastic party structures and organizational features continue into the post-Gandhi period? The argument that I will be advancing throughout the thesis is that structural continuity has characterized the organizational order of the party in its postdynastic period. The most obvious indicators of this continuity are that the party continues to be a deinstitutionalized, loosely structured coglomerate of political bosses with varying bases of support; the party remains paralyzed by factionalism at all levels, yet it escapes splits and schisms; and the Congress Prime Minister continues to be at the apex of the decision-making pyramid. The important question for political scientists to answer is why continuity has taken precedence over drastic change. I shall maintain that structural continuity in the party's organizational order has come about primarily as a result of environmental pressures exerted by the turbulence in the party system that was undergoing a fundamental transformation. The Indian party system changed from a predominant into a more competitive one in the late 1980s and early 1990s as the election results for 1989-91 period suggest. Under this environmental condition, it has been the requirement of organizational survival amidst external change that both necessitated and facilitated the continuation of the old order in the party.

The movement in India to abolish indentured emigration to tropical colonies (particularly Fiji, Trinidad, British Guiana and Natal) had its origins in the "Moderate" era of Indian nationalism and the politics of G. K. Gokhale. It began with the concern of the Indian middle class that their status in the British Empire was denigrated by that of their "coolie" compatriots. However, as the details of the indenture system were brought to light, the anti-indenture movement came to encompass almost every group in India, from village to metropolitan centre, from the conservative, orthodox Marwaris of Calcutta to the westernized Parsi elite of Bombay. The issue joined the era of Gokhale to the era of Gandhi, and was the vehicle for Gandhi's transition from overseas politician to a major political figure in India. The issue came to be seen by most Indians--and many imperialists--as a direct struggle between Indian national honour and the capitalist interests of colonial entrepreneurs. When indentured emigration was finally halted in 1917 it was in response, not to a moderate constitutional effort, but to India-wide political agitation and a threatened satyagraha movement. In the process, the confidence of Indian citizens in both imperial equality and the efficacy of constitutional methods was undermined at a crucial point in the development of Indian nationalism and the evolution of Empire into Commonwealth.

This work is devoted to situating the life, ideas and work of Jayaprakash Narayan in the horizon of protest and emancipatory politics in twentieth century India. It intends to show that JP must be taken as one of the main architects and promoters of political cultures of protest in XX century India, an ensemble of practices and forces acting within and outside the realm of institutional state politics, and involving political parties, anti-statist movements and nongovernmental organizations. Despite being readily identified as a Gandhian socialist, my general argument in this dissertation is that JP´s life-long political engagement with the politics of protest and emancipation should be decoded through the logic of a political culture of protest he identified with lok niti, a formula that embraces diverse ideals, practices and political strands of opposition to the state brought together by a common aversion to and rejection of “powerpolitics” or raj niti. I will argue that Gandhi's Non-Cooperation movement provided the event that created the fidelity that propelled JP into politics and that socialism was the framework through which he conceived of social transformation throughout his life. Indeed, socialism, Marxism and the ideas of Gandhi represented for JP little more than systems of interpretation that should be combined with others for the promotion of a truly revolutionary political practice of protest, which he defined as lok niti.

A survey questionnaire was sent to 254 churches in the United States. An analysis of the answers of those giving a positive reply indicates that a great apostasy has taken place regarding the true Christian fast. Only a few small, independent churches seem to even approach Christ's ordained fast.It is claimed that great health benefits arise from wise periodic fasting. A physiological section analyzes the effects of fasting.A historical section presents the most important teachings and happenings of Gandhi, early reformers and practioneers, native races of America, U.S. presidents and state governments, early Christian history, and all large world religions.

My thesis challenges the influential theory that the formation of a nation is conditional on its ability to marshal normative sexual/gendered citizens: I argue that nation-formation (and the end of the British rule) in India was contingent to a large degree upon mobilizing and resignifying non-normative sexual/gender subjectivity. I begin by suggesting that accusations of "going native" and of having interracial homoerotic intimacies were related concerns, both seen as perversions of upright British masculinity. Further, I suggest that the anxiety about racial purity and miscegenation that fed into the heterosexual narrative of rape is also attendant upon the unease surrounding same-sex intimacy between an English and a native male. With this critical lens in mind, I provide a new reading of two canonical texts, A Passage to India and Burmese Days. Next, I navigate the link between Indian independence and queerness, rereading key colonial moments (like the incorporation of the anti-sodomy statute in the Indian penal code, the bowdlerization of native literature, the Hindu reformist movement), texts (such as Anandamath and Gora) and personages (M. K. Gandhi) within this new interpretive schema. I seek to fill a critical interstice in the work on Gandhi: there is, I suggest, an enormous potential for a new queer perspective in understanding Gandhi, and---because his politics and life informed each other---also Gandhian nationalism. In arguing the importance of homoerotic narratives as sites where powerful directing influences on native social reform movements, political mobilizations, and nationalist ideologies are located, I also emphasize the need to understand India's colonial history in order to fully comprehend literary, political, and religious discourses in contemporary India. I thus demonstrate how negotiations staged around definitions of gender and sexuality continue to inform current socio-political practices (such as the rise of masculine Hindu nationalism) and literary (con)texts (I examine Nine Hours to Rama and Midnight's Children) in India.

Peu connu aujourd’hui en France en dehors des cercles orientalistes, le nom de Giuseppe Tucci est en revanche en Italie toujours associé à l’Orient. Sa figure apparaît ainsi comme celle d'un médiateur entre l’Italie et l’Orient, objet de définitions concurrentes. Agent de la politique extérieure italienne en Inde, organisateur des séjours en Italie des nationalistes indiens, mis en scène par le régime fasciste, intellectuel instrumentalisé par le fascisme de Mussolini, théoricien reprenant des idées conformes à celles des intellectuels fascistes ? La question est de savoir dans quelle mesure Tucci s’est rallié au régime, dans quelle mesure il l’a soutenu. L’orientalisme tourné vers l’Inde a en outre été le terrain d’instrumentalisations particulières, liées aux théories « racistes ». Une bonne part de ce courant entretient avec l’antisémitisme nazi et fasciste des liens complexes. L’approche historique de l’itinéraire de Tucci ne se limite pas à ses actions au service du régime, telles que l’organisation du voyage de Gandhi, elle implique une analyse des textes qui font allusion aux questions raciales. La question de la quête de l’origine est bien présente dans sa démarche de voyageur et de savant. L’intérêt précoce pour les langues anciennes comme l’hébreu et le sanscrit confirme le caractère central de cette quête dans la démarche de Tucci. Fut-il porteur des théories racistes cherchant dans la linguistique des arguments opposant les peuples « aryens » aux peuples « sémitiques » ? A cet égard, il importe d’étudier précisément ce qui peut rapprocher et différencier Tucci de Julius Evola (1898-1974), en se fondant sur leurs écrits respectifs et sur leurs prises de position publiques et privées. / Hardly known today in France except among Orientalist circles, Giuseppe Tucci is in Italy associated with the Orient. He still appears as a mediator between East and West. Indeed, as an actor of Italian Foreign Policy in India, he organized travels to Italy for leading nationalists Rabindranath Tagore and Mahatma Gandhi, in propagandist action in favor of Fascist Italy. Was he really a supporter of the Regime ? Was he only motivated by opportunistic reasons ? As a matter of fact, Indian Orientalism has been linked to racial theories that display complex links with Nazi and Fascist Anti-Semitism. An historical approach of Giuseppe Tucci’s life does not only deal with political actions for the regime, it implies to some extent an analysis of writings linked to “Race” as a topic of investigation. The Quest for the Origin was to be seen in his travels and in his scholarly approach of the East which shows his interest for old languages such as Hebrew and Sanskrit. Was he in favor of Race Theories seeking in linguistics, arguments opposing “Aryans" against "Semitic" people ? Did he share any common points with esoteric philosopher Julius Evola (1898-1974) ?

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:09:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlvaroBN_TESE.pdf: 1929903 bytes, checksum: 92f40cf4d3b6ab5536ad5ad3d2aa192a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-29 / The present study provides a methodology that gives a predictive character the computer simulations based on detailed models of the geometry of a porous medium. We using the software FLUENT to investigate the flow of a viscous Newtonian fluid through a random fractal medium which simplifies a two-dimensional disordered porous medium representing a petroleum reservoir. This fractal model is formed by obstacles of various sizes, whose size distribution function follows a power law where exponent is defined as the fractal dimension of fractionation Dff of the model characterizing the process of fragmentation these obstacles. They are randomly disposed in a rectangular channel. The modeling process incorporates modern concepts, scaling laws, to analyze the influence of heterogeneity found in the fields of the porosity and of the permeability in such a way as to characterize the medium in terms of their fractal properties. This procedure allows numerically analyze the measurements of permeability k and the drag coefficient Cd proposed relationships, like power law, for these properties on various modeling schemes. The purpose of this research is to study the variability provided by these heterogeneities where the velocity field and other details of viscous fluid dynamics are obtained by solving numerically the continuity and Navier-Stokes equations at pore level and observe how the fractal dimension of fractionation of the model can affect their hydrodynamic properties. This study were considered two classes of models, models with constant porosity, MPC, and models with varying porosity, MPV. The results have allowed us to find numerical relationship between the permeability, drag coefficient and the fractal dimension of fractionation of the medium. Based on these numerical results we have proposed scaling relations and algebraic expressions involving the relevant parameters of the phenomenon. In this study analytical equations were determined for Dff depending on the geometrical parameters of the models. We also found a relation between the permeability and the drag coefficient which is inversely proportional to one another. As for the difference in behavior it is most striking in the classes of models MPV. That is, the fact that the porosity vary in these models is an additional factor that plays a significant role in flow analysis. Finally, the results proved satisfactory and consistent, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the referred methodology for all applications analyzed in this study. / O presente trabalho proporciona uma metodologia que d? um car?ter preditivo ?s simula??es computacionais baseadas em modelos detalhados da geometria porosa de um meio. N?s utilizando o software FLUENT para investigar o escoamento de um fluido newtoniano viscoso atrav?s de um meio fractal aleat?rio que simplifica um meio poroso desordenado bidimensional representando um reservat?rio de petr?leo. Este modelo fractal ? formado por obst?culos de diversos tamanhos, cuja fun??o de distribui??o segue uma lei de pot?ncia, onde o expoente ? definido como sendo a dimens?o fractal de fracionamento Dff do modelo e caracteriza o processo de fragmenta??o desses obst?culos. Eles s?o aleatoriamente dispostos em um canal retangular. O processo de modelagem incorpora conceitos modernos, leis de escala, para analisar a influ?ncia das heterogeneidades encontradas nos campos da porosidade e da permeabilidade de tal maneira que se possa caracterizar o meio em fun??o de suas propriedades fractais. Este procedimento permite analisar numericamente as medidas da permeabilidade k e do coeficiente de arrasto Cd propondo rela??es, tipo lei de pot?ncia, para essas propriedades sobre v?rios esquemas de modelagem. O prop?sito desta pesquisa ? estudar a variabilidade proporcionada por estas heterogeneidades onde o campo de velocidade e outros detalhes da din?mica dos fluidos viscosos s?o obtidos resolvendo numericamente as equa??es da continuidade e de Navier-Stokes no n?vel de poros e observar como a dimens?o fractal de fracionamento do modelo pode afetar as suas propriedades hidrodin?micas. Neste estudo foram consideradas duas classes de modelos, modelos com porosidade constante, MPC, e modelos com porosidade vari?vel, MPV. Os resultados permitiram-nos encontrar rela??es num?ricas entre a permeabilidade, coeficiente de arrasto e os par?metros geom?tricos do modelo. Com base nestes resultados num?ricos propusemos rela??es de escala envolvendo os par?metros relevantes do fen?meno. Nesta pesquisa foram determinadas equa??es anal?ticas para Dff em fun??o dos par?metros geom?tricos dos modelos. Constatamos tamb?m uma rela??o entre a permeabilidade e o coeficiente de arrasto onde uma ? inversamente proporcional ? outra. Quanto ? diferen?a de comportamento ela ? mais marcante nas classes de modelos MPV. Isto ?, o fato da porosidade variar nestes modelos constitui um fator adicional que desempenha um papel significativo na an?lise de fluxo. Finalmente, os resultados encontrados se mostraram consistentes e satisfat?rios, o que demonstra a efic?cia da referida metodologia para todas as aplica??es analisadas nesta pesquisa.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-03T15:16:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EdemersonSBM.pdf: 812078 bytes, checksum: 167690407a20b9462083f00be2b0a159 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-12-28 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / In this work, the study of some complex systems is done with use of two distinct procedures. In the first part, we have studied the usage of Wavelet transform on analysis and characterization of (multi)fractal time series. We have test the reliability of Wavelet Transform Modulus Maxima method (WTMM) in respect to the multifractal formalism, trough the calculation of the singularity spectrum of time series whose fractality is well known a priori. Next, we have use the Wavelet Transform Modulus Maxima method to study the fractality of lungs crackles sounds, a biological time series. Since the crackles sounds are due to the opening of a pulmonary airway bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli which was initially closed, we can get information on the phenomenon of the airway opening cascade of the whole lung. Once this phenomenon is associated with the pulmonar tree architecture, which displays fractal geometry, the analysis and fractal characterization of this noise may provide us with important parameters for comparison between healthy lungs and those affected by disorders that affect the geometry of the tree lung, such as the obstructive and parenchymal degenerative diseases, which occurs, for example, in pulmonary emphysema. In the second part, we study a site percolation model for square lattices, where the percolating cluster grows governed by a control rule, corresponding to a method of automatic search. In this model of percolation, which have characteristics of self-organized criticality, the method does not use the automated search on Leaths algorithm. It uses the following control rule: pt+1 = pt + k(Rc ? Rt), where p is the probability of percolation, k is a kinetic parameter where 0 < k < 1 and R is the fraction of percolating finite square lattices with side L, LxL. This rule provides a time series corresponding to the dynamical evolution of the system, in particular the likelihood of percolation p. We proceed an analysis of scaling of the signal obtained in this way. The model used here enables the study of the automatic search method used for site percolation in square lattices, evaluating the dynamics of their parameters when the system goes to the critical point. It shows that the scaling of , the time elapsed until the system reaches the critical point, and tcor, the time required for the system loses its correlations, are both inversely proportional to k, the kinetic parameter of the control rule. We verify yet that the system has two different time scales after: one in which the system shows noise of type 1 f , indicating to be strongly correlated. Another in which it shows white noise, indicating that the correlation is lost. For large intervals of time the dynamics of the system shows ergodicity / Neste trabalho, o estudo de alguns sistemas complexos ? feito com a utiliza??o de dois procedimentos distintos. Na primeira parte, estudamos a utiliza??o da transformada Wavelet na an?lise e caracteriza??o (multi)fractal de s?ries temporais. Testamos a confiabilidade do M?todo do M?ximo do M?dulo da Transformada Wavelet (MMTW) com rela??o ao formalismo multifractal, por meio da obten??o do espectro de singularidade de s?ries temporais cuja fractalidade ? bem conhecida a priori. A seguir, usamos o m?todo do m?ximo do m?dulo da transformada wavelet para estudar a fractalidade dos ru?dos de crepita??o pulmonar, uma s?rie temporal biol?gica. Uma vez que a crepita??o pulmonar se d? no momento da abertura de uma via a?rea ? br?nquios, bronqu?olos e alv?olos ? que estava inicialmente fechada, podemos obter informa??es sobre o fen?meno de abertura em cascata das vias a?reas de todo o pulm?o. Como este fen?meno est? associado ? arquitetura da ?rvore pulmonar, a qual apresenta geometria fractal, a an?lise e caracteriza??o da fractalidade desse ru?do pode nos fornecer importantes par?metros de compara??o entre pulm?es sadios e aqueles acometidos por patologias que alteram a geometria da ?rvore pulmonar, tais como as doen?as obstrutivas e as de degenera??o parenquimatosa, que ocorre, por exemplo, no enfisema pulmonar. Na segunda parte, estudamos um modelo de percola??o por s?tios em rede quadrada, onde o aglomerado de percola??o cresce governado por uma regra de controle, correspondendo a um m?todo de busca autom?tica. Neste modelo de percola??o, que apresenta caracter?sticas de criticalidade auto-organizada, o m?todo de busca autom?tica n?o usa o algoritmo de Leath. Usa-se a seguinte regra de controle: pt+1 = pt +k(Rc ?Rt), onde p ? a probabilidade de percola??o, k ? um par?metro cin?tico onde 0 < k < 1 e R ? a fra??o de redes quadradas finitas de lado L, LxL, percolantes. Esta regra fornece uma s?rie temporal correspondente ? evolu??o din?mica do sistema, em especial da probabilidade de percola??o p. ? feita uma an?lise de escalas do sinal assim obtido. O modelo aqui utilizado permite que o m?todo de busca autom?tica para a percola??o por s?tios em rede quadrada seja, per si, estudado, avaliando-se a din?mica dos seus par?metros quando o sistema se aproxima do ponto cr?tico. Verifica-se que os escalonamentos de ?, o tempo decorrido at? que o sistema chegue ao ponto cr?tico, e de tcor, o tempo necess?rio para que o sistema perca suas correla??es, s?o, ambos, inversamente proporcionais a k, o par?metro cin?tico da regra de controle. Verifica-se ainda que o sistema apresenta duas escalas temporais distintas depois de ? : uma em que o sistema mostra ru?do do tipo 1 f? , indicando ser fortemente correlacionado; outra em que aparece um ru?do branco, indicando que se perdeu a correla??o. Para grandes intervalos de tempo a din?mica do sistema mostra que ele se comporta como um sistema erg?dico

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-01-20T21:22:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RobivalAlvesRibeiro_TESE.pdf: 2206825 bytes, checksum: 2cb9e24716fd72830d590b545945791d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-01-22T20:33:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RobivalAlvesRibeiro_TESE.pdf: 2206825 bytes, checksum: 2cb9e24716fd72830d590b545945791d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-22T20:33:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RobivalAlvesRibeiro_TESE.pdf: 2206825 bytes, checksum: 2cb9e24716fd72830d590b545945791d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-17 / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo verificar se ? poss?vel construir padr?es espaciais em reservat?rios de petr?leo, usando expoentes de DFA (Detrended Fluctuation Analysis) dos diferentes perfis geol?gicos como: s?nico, densidade, porosidade, resistividade e raios gama. Fizeram parte da amostra 54 po?os de petr?leo do campo de Namorado, localizados na bacia de Campos, no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Com o intuito de verificar a correla??o linear, constru?ram-se matrizes de dist?ncias entre os po?os e matrizes de diferen?as entre os DFA dos po?os, comparadas duas a duas e utilizado como m?todo estat?stico o teste de Mantel. A hip?tese nula consiste em afirmar que n?o existe correla??o linear entre as estruturas espaciais formadas pelas matrizes de dist?ncias euclidianas e das diferen?as dos expoentes de DFA dos perfis geol?gicos. Os perfis s?nicos (p=0,18) e da densidade (p=0,26) foram os que revelaram uma tend?ncia ? correla??o ou correla??o fraca. Estudo complementar, utilizando o contour plot, mostra os padr?es s?nicos e da densidade compat?veis com presen?a de correla??o espacial, corroborando os revelados pelo teste de Mantel / This research aims to set whether is possible to build spatial patterns over oil fields using DFA (Detrended Fluctuation Analysis) of the following well logs: sonic, density, porosity, resistivity and gamma ray. It was employed in the analysis a set of 54 well logs from the oil field of Campos dos Namorados, RJ, Brazil. To check for spatial correlation, it was employed the Mantel test between the matrix of geographic distance and the matrix of the difference of DFA exponents of the well logs. The null hypothesis assumes the absence of spatial structures that means no correlation between the matrix of Euclidean distance and the matrix of DFA differences. Our analysis indicate that the sonic (p=0.18) and the density (p=0.26) were the profiles that show tendency to correlation, or weak correlation. A complementary analysis using contour plot also has suggested that the sonic and the density are the most suitable with geophysical quantities for the construction of spatial structures corroborating the results of Mantel test

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-02-17T22:41:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 VitorLopesDosSantos_TESE.pdf: 14542830 bytes, checksum: 6152cf87bb56d50e13c1279c3841c19e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-02-19T22:43:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 VitorLopesDosSantos_TESE.pdf: 14542830 bytes, checksum: 6152cf87bb56d50e13c1279c3841c19e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-19T22:43:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VitorLopesDosSantos_TESE.pdf: 14542830 bytes, checksum: 6152cf87bb56d50e13c1279c3841c19e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-25 / Os recentes avan?os t?cnicos das duas ?ltimas d?cadas para o registro de sinais neuroeletrofisiol?gicos foram essenciais para que se testassem hip?teses h? muito propostas acerca de como c?lulas nervosas processam e armazenam informa??o. No entanto, ao permitir maior detalhamento dos dados coletados, as novas tecnologias levam inevitavelmente ao aumento de sua complexidade estat?stica e, consequentemente, ? necessidade de novas ferramentas matem?tico-computacionais para sua an?lise. Nesta tese, apresentamos novos m?todos para a an?lise de dois componentes fundamentais nas atuais teorias da codifica??o neural: (1) assembleias celulares, definidas pela co-ativa??o de subgrupos neuronais; e (2) o padr?o temporal de atividade de neur?nios individuais. Em rela??o a (1), desenvolvemos um m?todo baseado em an?lise de componentes independentes para identificar e rastrear padr?es de co-ativa??o significativos com alta resolu??o temporal. Superamos limita??es de m?todos anteriores, ao efetivamente isolar assembleias e abrir a possibilidade de analisar simultaneamente grandes popula??es neuronais. Em rela??o a (2), apresentamos uma nova t?cnica para a extra??o de padr?es de atividade em trens de disparo baseada na decomposi??o wavelet. Demonstramos, por meio de simula??es e de aplica??o a dados reais, que nossa ferramenta supera as mais utilizadas atualmente para decodificar respostas de neur?nios e estimar a informa??o de Shannon entre trens de disparos e est?mulos externos.