Introduktion: Antalet personer med kognitiv sjukdom ökar och konsekvensen av detta är bland annat att fler personer drabbas av beteendemässiga och psykiska symtom. Detta ställer allt högre krav på hälso- och sjukvården. Distriktssköterskan har tillsammans med det interprofessionella teamet ansvar att tillämpa personcentrerade omvårdnadsåtgärder med syfte att lindra beteendemässiga och psykiska symtom hos personer med kognitiv sjukdom.  Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva omvårdnadsåtgärder som lindrar beteendemässiga och psykiska symtom hos personer med kognitiv sjukdom. Metod: En integrativ litteraturstudie med induktiv ansats baserat på Whittemore och Knafls integrativa metod. Vetenskapliga artiklar söktes fram i databaserna; CINAHL, PubMed och PsycINFO, 17 artiklar återstod efter urvalsprocessen och analyserades sedan i fem steg enligt Whittemore och Knafls analysmetod. Resultat: Utifrån artiklarnas resultat identifierades omvårdnadsåtgärder som lindrade beteendemässiga och psykiska symtom som presenteras under tre huvudkategorier: Stimulera sinnen, Främja emotionella funktioner och skapa en trygg miljö samt Stimulera till vardagliga aktiviteter. Konklusion: Distriktssköterskan kan med hjälp av individanpassade omvårdnadsåtgärder lindra beteendemässiga och psykiska symtom hos personer med kognitiv sjukdom. Omvårdnadsåtgärderna kan omfattas av massage, aromaterapi och musikterapi, som har en sinnesstimulerande effekt. Genom att initiera omvårdnadsåtgärder, som främjar emotionella funktioner, i form av aktivitet med docka eller stödja orienteringsförmågan genom miljöanpassning, kan BPSD lindras. Slutligen kan stimulering till vardagliga aktiviteter, som avser främja kroppsrörelse och koordinationsförmågan, stimulera språk- och räkneförmågan samt tillämpa identitetsfrämjande och kreativa aktiviteter, skapa förutsättningar för upplevelse av delaktighet och känsla av sammanhang. / Introduction: The number of people with cognitive illness is increasing and the consequence amongst others is that more people suffer from behavioral and psychological symptoms. This places increasingly high demands on health care. The district nurse, together with the interprofessional team, is responsible for applying person-centered nursing measures with the aim of alleviating behavioral and psychological symptoms in people with cognitive disorders. Purpose: The purpose was to describe nursing interventions that alleviate behavioural and psychological symptoms in people with cognitive disorders. Method: An integrative literature study with an inductive approach based on Whittemore and Knafl's integrative method. Scientific articles searched in the databases; CINAHL, PubMed and PsycINFO, 17 articles remained after the selection process and were then analysed in five steps according to Whittemore and Knafl's analysis method. Results: Based on the results of the articles, nursing interventions were identified that alleviated behavioural and psychological symptoms presented under three main categories: Stimulate the senses, Promote emotional functions and create a safe existence and Stimulate everyday activities. Conclusion: With the help of individually tailored nursing measures, the district nurse can relieve behavioral and psychological symptoms in people with cognitive disorders. Nursing measures may include massage, aromatherapy and music therapy, which have a mind-stimulating effect. By initiating nursing measures, which promote emotional functions, in the form of activity with a doll or supporting orientation skills through environmental adaptation, BPSD can be alleviated. Finally, stimulation for everyday activities, which aim to promote body movement and coordination skills, stimulate language and numeracy skills and apply identity-promoting and creative activities, can create the conditions for experiencing participation and a sense of context.

Title: Spiritual Care Interventions and Quality of Life in Cancer Patients Receiving Palliative Care Background: Despite the evidence supporting spiritual care in nursing and an increased quality of life among patients, patients feel that their spiritual needs are not being supported by medical professionals. Nurses agree that the role they play is significant in addressing the needs of cancer patients; however, they feel that they lack the knowledge for addressing spirituality concerns at the end of life. The purpose of this study is to identify spiritual care interventions that nurses can implement to improve quality of life (QOL) in patients with advanced cancer receiving palliative care. Method: This literature review consisted of articles retrieved from several databases, including CINAHL, PubMED, and PsychINFO, PsychARTICLES, ATLA Religion databases using the key words "cancer'" and "quality of life" "therapeutic communication", "spirit' therapy", "relaxation therapy", and "self-care". Inclusion criteria consisted of research conducted after the year 2000, peer reviewed work and research studies written in the English language. Results: Results from this literature review include recommended nursing interventions that provide spiritual care to patients with advanced cancer receiving palliative care for the purpose of improved quality of life. Spiritual care interventions identified in this study include Meaning Centered Group Psychotherapy (MCGP), Supportive Group Psychotherapy (SGP), mental relaxation, mental images, TM, art therapy, socializing, communicative acts, aromatherapy, massage, exercise, hatha yoga, meditation, and activities such as gardening, watching TV, resting/sleeping and socializing.

Therapeutic landscapes involve the collaboration of landscape architecture, architecture, planning, and behavioral psychology. By incorporating research from each field and tailoring the design to a generalized special education elementary school, this project aims to create a multisensory experience that incorporates opportunities for play, education, community, and relaxation. Preliminary research explored the history of therapeutic landscapes and architectural design in historical psychiatric facilities, which then led to the current literature on therapeutic design for educational campuses. Findings show that the use of these therapeutic design principles are becoming more common, but there is still room for improvement. The proposed school site is based on the Bedford School in Fairburn, Georgia, but does incorporate the current academic program. The theoretical program for grades 1-6 focuses on cognitive ability, and relies on the outdoor space as an important part of the educational program. The proposed site design includes aromatherapy, tactile therapy, audial therapy, visual therapy, and levels of enclosure. The design will incorporate an open lawn area, a traditional playground, a music area with equipment and instruments, several outdoor classrooms, a produce garden, small, enclosed quiet rooms, a path with seasonal plants and seating areas, and a relocated soccer field. Given the constraints placed on this project, such as time, inability to visit the site, and inability to have discussions with the client, it is as complete as possible. That being said, future advancements in the field may build on it and create a fuller set of guidelines for multisensory therapeutic design. / Master of Landscape Architecture / Therapeutic landscapes involve the collaboration of landscape architecture, architecture, planning, and behavioral psychology. By incorporating research from each field and tailoring the design to a generalized special education elementary school, this project aims to create a multisensory experience that incorporates opportunities for play, education, community, and relaxation. Preliminary research explored the history of therapeutic landscapes and architectural design in historical psychiatric facilities, which then led to the current literature on therapeutic design for educational campuses. Findings show that the use of these therapeutic design principles are becoming more common, but there is still room for improvement. The proposed school site is based on the Bedford School in Fairburn, Georgia, but does incorporate the current academic program. The theoretical program for grades 1-6 focuses on cognitive ability, and relies on the outdoor space as an important part of the educational program. The proposed site design includes aromatherapy, tactile therapy, audial therapy, visual therapy, and levels of enclosure. The design will incorporate an open lawn area, a traditional playground, a music area with equipment and instruments, several outdoor classrooms, a produce garden, small, enclosed quiet rooms, a path with seasonal plants and seating areas, and a relocated soccer field. Given the constraints placed on this project, such as time, inability to visit the site, and inability to have discussions with the client, it is as complete as possible. That being said, future advancements in the field may build on it and create a fuller set of guidelines for multisensory therapeutic design.

Bakgrund: Oro är ett känslomässigt svar på stimuli som kan ge fysiologiska effekter. Att befinna sig i en operationssal är för många patienter en ny upplevelse där de överlämnar sin kropp till vårdpersonalen. Anestesisjuksköterskan kan hantera en patient i regional anestesi med olika omvårdnadsåtgärder. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva icke-farmakologiska omvårdnadsåtgärder som finns mot oro, pre och intraoperativt hos patienter som genomgår operationer i regional anestesi. Metod: Deskriptiv litteraturstudie där 17 artiklar granskades med SBU samt GRADE och analyserades deduktivt med Fundamentals of Care som teoretisk utgångspunkt. Resultat: Olika omvårdnadsåtgärder finns för att lindra oro icke-farmakologisk under regional anestesi. Majoriteten av resultaten visade tekniska åtgärder som video, musik, VR samt en minoritet om samtal och aromaterapi. Slutsats: Fler tekniska omvårdnadsåtgärder framkom vilket var oväntat. De hade effekt mot oro men på bekostnad av anestesisjuksköterskans relationella kontakt med patienten. Nyckelord: Regional anestesi, oro, icke farmakologisk, omvårdnadsåtgärder, Fundamentals of Care / Background: Anxiety is an emotional response to stimuli which can give physiological effects. To be in an operating theater is a new experience for many patients where they hand over their bodies to the healthcare staff. The nurse anesthetist can manage the patient during regional anesthesia with different nursing interventions.  Purpose: The aim of the study was to describe non-pharmacological nursing interventions that exist towards anxiety, pre and intraoperative in patients undergoing surgery under regional anesthesia.  Method: A descriptive literature review where 17 articles were reviewed with SBU and GRADE and analyzed deductively with Fundamentals of Care as a theoretical outset. Results: Various nursing interventions exist to alleviate anxiety non-pharmacologicaly under regional anesthesia. The majority of the results showed technical measures such as video, music, VR and a minority of conversation and aromatherapy.  Conclusion: Several technical nursing interventions emerged, which was unexpected. They had an effect on anxiety but at the expense of the nurse anesthetist´s relational contact with the patient.  Keywords: Regional anesthesia, anxiety, non pharmacological, nursing interventions, Fundamentals of Car