碩士 / 明道大學 / 設計學院碩士班 / 101 / The purpose of this study was to analyze massage techniques and spaces design which consumer preference. In response to the economy era of beauty and creative exerperience’s industries will coming. Body SPA industry was development in R.O.C. for a long time, but it almost focus on the quantitative of the massage techniques which consumer preference. For the massage techniques and space design which consumer preference, it lack of qualitative research. The study used the qualitative research, for the Body SPA operators and consumers which used the interview by field investigation. For the interview techniques which situations were at “relaxed” and “stress-free” to dialogue. The result showed the proprietors were mostly combined with variety of massage techniques in the type of massage. But the consumers preferred aromatherapy. In the space design, although there were a variety of styles available in the market, such as Bali style, Japanese Zen, Oriental Aesthetic or European style, The projection of the guidance principles for the space design almost focus on relax, comfortable, warm and covert for the proprietors, but for the type of styles which were unapparent. That was the reason why the consumers had not apparent preference any particular style of space design.

碩士 / 嘉南藥理科技大學 / 休閒保健管理系暨休閒事業管理研究所 / 101 / The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Lavender and Sweet Orange essential oil on releasing stress by using aromatherapy massage and music therapy. Furthermore, to observe if the blended essential oil has synergistic effect. The research objects were Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science students and used systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, and pressure index as pressure indicators. Before the experiment, to measure the subject's physiological parameters such as systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate and body temperature by the physiological monitor and using HRV analyzer to measure the subject's pressure index and heart rate variability parameters, such as total power, low frequency power, high-frequency power, normalized low-frequency power, normalized high-frequency power and low / high-frequency power ratio. The objects are divided into control group and experimental groups of Lavender essential oil (10%),Sweet Orange essential oil (10%) and the blended essential oil(5% Lavender plus 5% Sweet Orange essential oil) collocating Swedish Massage. After massage for 50 minutes, to measure the objects’ physiological parameters and heart rate variability parameters again. One Way analysis of variance is used to compare the differences of physiological parameters between pretest and posttest in the groups of Lavender essential oil (10%), Sweet Orange essential oil (10%), 5% Lavender essential oil plus 5% Sweet Orange essential oil and the control group. In addition, t-test is used to compare 5% Lavender essential oil plus 5% Sweet Orange essential oil with Lavender essential oil (10%) or Sweet Orange essential oil (10%). Thus, the differences of physiological parameters and heart rate variability parameters between pretest and posttest can be observed if the blended essential oil has synergistic effect. The experimental results show that no matter using single essential oil or blended essential oil to compare with control group, there are obvious differences in physiological parameters such as systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, skin temperature and PSI, and heart rate variability parameters such as total power, low-frequency power, high-frequency power, normalized low-frequency power, normalized high-frequency power and low / high frequency power ratio; however, comparing the blended essential oil with single essential oil, there is a good synergistic effect in systolic blood pressure and PSI. Similarly, to compare music therapy, aromatherapy and aromatherapy plus music therapy with the control group, the results show that there is a significantly decreasing in systolic blood pressure, heart rate and pressure index of experimental groups. About heart rate variability parameters, high frequency power is increasing but there is an obvious decreasing in the low frequency power and low / high-frequency power ratio of experimental groups when comparing with the control group. On the other hand, using the group of Lavender essential oil (3%) or Sweet Orange essential oil (3%) to compare the group of Lavender essential oil (3%) combine music, there’s no any obvious differences. It means that there’s no synergistic effect for releasing stress when music therapy and aromatherapy act together. This study is the first confirmed that Swedish Massage with Lavender and Sweet Orange essential oil may act through decreasing sympathetic activity and increasing parasympathetic activity to reduce the objects’ PSI, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate and increase skin temperature. For this reason, it can cause a relief of depression in humans.

碩士 / 南華大學 / 自然醫學研究所 / 101 / Since ancient times, aromatherapy is closely linked with daily life, applied covering the body, mind, and spirit. There are two ways for essential oils to enter the body: the smell, and the percutaneous absorption. Compared to percutaneous absorption, the sense of smell has more profound effects on humans. However, the clinical effects of essential oils were mainly personal experiences of the authors, and lack of empirical scientific basis. 　 　　According to the statistics of the Department of Health, cardiovascular disease is the No.2 leading cause of death of people in 2010. Physical fitness exercise and aerobic exercise to improve cardiorespiratory fitness, therefore, are the key policy which the Department of Health and the Ministry of Education actively promote. It is known that sports excite sympathetic nervous system, which results in acceleration of the cardio rhythm in normal healthy people; after exercises, sympathetic activity is quickly suppressed and parasympathetic activity increases, causing heart rate decreases rapidly. Will aromatic odor affect this regulatory mechanism and make the heart rate recovery process become smoother? 　 　　In this study, we chose 3-minute stepping exercise as standard to investigate the impact of essential oils on College female students during heart rate recovery. The results showed that the stepping exercise cause heart rate variability decreased significantly, and did not change much within the five minutes resting time. On the other hand, RMSSD, representing the parasympathetic activity, increased fast and significantly in the first three minutes, a result consistent with the trend of heart rate recovery, followed by a slow-changing phase, suggesting the existence of a two-stage process. Eucalyptus or jasmine essential oil does not make significant differences during the fast-changing phase if we use windows of 30 seconds in analysis. Eucalyptus seems to give better results in enhancing the activation of the parasympathetic nerves, however, when a window of 60 seconds were used.

碩士 / 南台科技大學 / 高階主管企管碩士班 / 100 / The purpose of the study is to explore a safe, effective, simple and fast method to achieve relieving stress and self-preventive health care. To select the best all-round care of body in natural therapy, aromatherapy, especially the most secure absorbed way, is through skin and spine of adults by gentle massage with aromatic oils 20 minutes in order to observe its effects on the human body of meridian energy and the autonomic nervous system, before and after the impact and whether the effect of homeostasis. In this study, a total of 41 samples, before and after the set up of the average energy of the meridians, according to the experimental standard, it should be higher than 10 and therefore 8 samples were deducted because of low meridian energy values. It obtains the effective sample number of 33. There is 19.5% of the failure rate, almost 20%, it appears many peoples needs to improve their health from eating and life habits. In the overall analysis, before and after five systems and the 12 meridians paired sample statistics of the experiment, there are total of 33 samples from seven female and 26 male. The data through statistical software analysis and calculation, the ratio of up and down, the ratio of yin and yang, the ratio of the left lung and the left pericardium rendered by the numerical rate of change increases and reach a significant difference (p <0.05), of which about the ratio of yin and yang to achieve very significant difference (p <0.01) for displaying of relaxation effects. This study was supported by the comparison of before and after aromatic oil massage in the indicators, BMI (body mass index) and HRV (autonomic nervous function of the total activity indicators) which have a significant negative correlation , higher BMI, the lower HRV activity of using aromatic essential oil massage. The index of depression, anxiety, stress all drop after using the essential oil to massage back conspicuously. It appears to reduce stress effect after the experiment. The indexes of the positive emotions (acceptance, happiness and expectation) were increased, while the negative emotions (sadness, afraidness, angry and disgust) were reduced ; the sum index of sadness, afraidness, angry and disgust changed conspicuously. The research results show that the positive emotions is increased, the negative emotions is reduced after the experiment, it means that the emotional qualities to be positive . This experiment study proves that the use of high doses of essential oils can promote human energy balance and provide another option of self-health manage. Through bio-energy detection and health index reference in a low-cost and short period of time within 10 minutes, individuals, companies, agencies, members of the group might be cared. keyword : aromatherapy, essential oils, bio-energy medicine, ryodoraku, autonomic nervous

碩士 / 國立交通大學 / 高階主管管理碩士學程 / 100 / The cosmetic industry of Taiwan is very mature now and the education of cosmetology has responded to the market demand indefatigably. For over three-decade’s development there are more than 140 departments of Cosmetology in the vocational high schools and more than 65 colleges and universities offer cosmetology courses all over this island. This paper majorly studies the way of how to match the skill gap between the school and the beauty salon thru the cooperative training offered by the industry. How to train the students to meet the need and requirement of the cosmetic industry is the purpose of this study as well. For the time being the service of cosmetology has become more and more diverse and versatile. The major specialty includes hairstyling, skin care, cosmetics, manicures/pedicures, sauna, spa, aromatherapy, bridal modeling, wedding planning, health therapy, and others. However, the skill that the students learned from cosmetology schools never can satisfy what the employers really want. It is found in many researches and analyses that the discrepancy in the criterions made by the industry, authority, and academy really exists and unfortunately becomes a problem. Via literature review, questionnaire survey, scientific analysis, and validation with research assumptions this study proposes the corporation plan for the cosmetic industry to develop the proper cosmetic products for the training use in the cosmetology schools. It has found that if the industry is willing to produce the right products for training and practical exam in order to promote the technical communication and help cosmetology licensing to meet the market requirement there will be a win-win situation in the future. Not only the consumers will pay respect and appreciation to the community of cosmetology, but also the industry will get the good employee and practical training they need. Key Words: Cosmetic Industry, Cosmetology Licensing, Education of Cosmetology

碩士 / 國立臺北護理健康大學 / 生死教育與輔導研究所 / 102 / This study is conducted using the narrative researchto explore the effect of aromatherapy introductory course on participants’s body,mind and life. Aromatherapy introductory course, throughguidance, experience, sharing, etc., allows participants to observe their own problems and achieve the goal of physical and psychological healing . The purpose of this study are threefold: (1) explore the physical effect of aromatherapy introductory course participants(2) explore the psychological effect of aromatherapy introductory course participants (3) explore the effect brought in life of aromatherapy introductory course participants. The course, led by researchers conducting this study, is six weeks long with a total of eight students participating. In the end, three out of the eight participants are being selected for in-depth interviews to recollect their physical and mental experience and showhow the course has influenced theirbody, mind and life. The narrative research, through in-depth interviews,collation and analysis of the text, has obtained the following results : 1.The physical experience and influence with aromatherapy introductory course participants presented the following phenomena: the tightness and fatigue of the body is gradually relaxed; know how to listen and respect the body; found a way to relax the body; know how to observe the physical symptoms connected to the inner mind;help special groups to improve their physical condition, help family and friends solve physical discomfort. 2.The psychological experience and influence with aromatherapy introductory course participants showed the following phenomena: aroma helps to discover the true affection and self; essential oil connects the inner mind, remind people to face their own problems,safe atmosphere in a group, encourage participantsto open up ourselves to receive healing; aroma relaxes their emotion, find happiness, face themselves, accept themselves, regain their own freedom;improve the physical and mental discomfort caused by work stress, open up themselves, learn to accept, provide enthusiasm and motivation, have the courage to move forward, live in the moment. 3.Life experience and influence with aromatherapy introductory course participants showed the following phenomena: social interaction: found like-minded, pure friendship, become friends and family’s therapist; family interaction: aromatherapy turned into the language of love, re- surface on the original family problems; work status: have better life via "slow living" pace, expand the learning to love, help those who need help, complete the long-abandoned work, find the passion in life and momentum. Conclusion of this study:the aromatherapy course and the body's inner healing power are linked in an effective way towards healing. Finally, this study aims at "people learning aromatherapy", "workers performing aromatherapy" and "future research " to provide recommendations.

碩士 / 國立成功大學 / 環境醫學研究所 / 98 / Aromatherapy, suggested to contribute to selected health benefits, has attracted increasing popularity over recent years. Meanwhile, researches have indicated that exposure to volatile organic compounds, main ingredients of essential oils used in the therapy, has been associated with reporting sick building syndromes such as neurological, irritation and respiratory symptoms . The composition of essential oils with one or more unsaturated carbon–carbon bonds may easily interact with oxidants easily available in indoor environment, such as ozone and generate secondary organic compounds, like formaldehyde and ultrafine particle presenting potential mucosal and eye irritation and upper/lower airway symptoms. To this date, no known study has investigated the exposure profile and useful biomarkers in relation to health concerns with exposure to essential oil. This study first aimed to examine the health consequences of the highly exposed subjects-the aromatherapists with biologically plausible indicators. Second, to simulate the exposure level of the terpene of essential oil and the exposure time in working environment of aromatherapy and to measure the proposed indicators in well control system. The study selected two branch stores, with different building characteristics, of representative chain aromatherapy salons in southern Taiwan. The staff, all females, based on the type and content of job, and aromatherapy time was categorized into administrative personnel (n=5), low exposure group of aromatherapists (n=6) and high exposure group of aromatherapists (n=6). The health performance indicators measured before and after work included blood pressure, lung function, tear film break up time, levels of exhaled nitric oxide, and nasal nitric oxide. The results indicate the nasal nitric oxide levels after work was higher than before work among the three groups, but there was not significant level. FEV1/FVC of administrative personnel and low exposure group after work higher than before work, but high exposure group was opposite trend, there was significant level among three groups (administrative personnel: 93.2±6.3 % vs. 97.0±4.4 %; low exposure group: 85.0±9.3 % vs. 89.1±7.7 %; high exposure group: 98.0±2.8 % vs. 94.6±6.7 %; p=0.04). For subjects with administrative personnel and high exposure group, the tear film break up time (BUT) was significantly lower after the work, BUT indicate the dryness level of eye (administrative personnel: 6.1±3.3 sec vs. 4.1±1.6 sec；low exposure group: 6.1±3.3 sec vs. 5.2±2.5 sec; high exposure group: 9.3±5.2 sec vs. 6.1±3.3 sec). Part 2 was the exposure chamber study. The subjects in the full scale exposure chamber were exposed to β-pinene via face mask attached with Teflon tube to deliver the constant level of β-pinene. The concentration of β-pinene was based on the aromatherapy salons of concentration. The temperature and humidity can be regulated in the full scale exposure chamber. The exposure time of 6 hours was to stimulate the mean working hours of aromatherapist as surveyed in the previous study. There was usually an 1-hour break in between the exposure. Health indicators measured before, middle and after exposure included the fractional concentration of nitric oxide in exhaled breath and nasal, nasal patency, lung function test, visual analogue scale (VAS) of questionnaire. The recruited volunteers were seven female (health person: 4; allergic rhinitis: 3; mean age: 23.1±2.0 years). The results indicate nasal volume and minimum nasal cross-sectional (MCA) after exposure of 6 hours was significantly lower; nasal volume: 12.5±3.0 cc vs. 10.1±2.8 cc; MCA: 1.1±0.3 cm2 vs. 0.9±0.2 cm2. In VAS questionnaire, dry throat, shortness of breath, gasp and nausea during exposure, were significantly higher; dry throat: 1.8±3.0 cm vs. 2.3±2.2 cm vs. 3.8±3.2 cm vs. 4.0±3.3 cm; shortness of breath: 0.8±0.9 cm vs. 2.6±1.8 cm vs. 2.5±1.8 cm vs. 1.3±1.1 cm; gasp: 0.8±0.9 cm vs. 2.6±1.8 cm vs. 2.5±1.8 cm vs. 1.3±1.1 cm; nausea: 0.6±0.6 cm vs. 1.1±1.0cm vs. 1.0±1.1 cm vs. 0.8±0.9 cm. Our results imply that aromatherapy salons appear to present potential health impacts, especially in the eye mucosal irritation. In addition, exposure to β-pinene, which is a main ingredient of essential oil, seems to contribute most significantly to nasal mucosal irritation, and to increase the symptoms of dry throat, shortness of breath, gasp and nausea. Both the field and human chamber study suggest that exposure to the level of essential oil in the aromatherapy salons and β-pinene may be a risk factor to reporting symptoms of eye and nasal irritation and respiratory systems.

碩士 / 國立成功大學 / 環境醫學研究所 / 98 / Aromatherapy is a form of complementary medicine developed based on the historical experience of using essential oils, known to have anti-bacterial and sedative effects as well as maintaining work efficiency. While beneficial properties of using various essential oils have been claimed, few studies in literature have aimed to elucidate the potential health risks of essential oils. Studies have also shown that many volatile organic compounds from essential oils will react with various indoor oxidants to produce secondary pollutants like formaldehyde and ultra-fine particles; both are correlated with reporting adverse health effects. With a distinctive work pattern, the aromatherapists are exposed to high levels of various essential oils from work on a daily basis, and the often-small-in-size working environments with high air tightness are expected to result in accumulation of high VOCs concentrations emitted from the working materials which in turn tends to increase health risk of aromatherapists. This study therefore aimed to conduct an overall occupational health investigation on aromatherapy environments by using questionnaire survey and environmental measurements to (1) assess the potential health risk and the work pattern of aromatherapists, (2) assess other indoor air pollutants in workplace and their influence on levels of compounds emitted form essential oils, (3) compare the difference of pollutant removal rate between different ventilation systems. The questionnaire survey data were analyzed by Multivariate Logistic Regress and adjusted for age, smoking, allergy history and store. For those aromatherapists with greater exposure index (working history×average number of customers served per day×average duration per therapy), a higher risk of reporting symptoms of eyesight system (OR=3.09), digestive system (OR=3.00) and skin system (OR=2.98) was found. Trend test showed that larger exposure index is likely to be associated with higher risk of reporting symptoms of eyesight, digestive and skin system, especially the dry eyes, the upper abdominal pain and the have an itch on skin. The levels of TVOC and terpenes increased during the therapy time (Before therapy vs. therapy：TVOCs 505 vs. 659~781 ppb, Terpene 33~227 vs. 60~714 μg/m3 in C spa; TVOCs 209 vs. 245~251 ppb, Terpene 9~92 vs. 73~1727 μg/m3 in H spa). Even in the low ozone concentration environment (16-22 ppb), the levels of secondary products of terpenes/ozone reaction would also increase. The I/O ratio of formaldehyde and ultra-fine particles (diameter less than 100 nm) concentration increase during the therapy. Besides, this study verified that essential oils had an anti-bacteria effect, but the effect could only last for about 30 minutes. The indoor air pollutant levels of the spa which had split air conditioner for ventilation were higher than the levels found in spa with AHU system, possibly due to its bringing in fresh air to dilute the indoor air pollutant levels. The space volumes of two spas were different by an average of about 4 times, and the pollutants levels appeared to correlate proportionately in an opposite direction. In summary, this study has found that the aromatherapists with larger exposure index appeared to increase the health risk, especially in reporting eyesight and cardiovascular system problems. The levels of TVOC and terpenes rose during the therapy time. Even in the low ozone concentration environment (16-22 ppb), the levels of secondary products of terpenes/ozone reaction increase. The levels of indoor air pollutants were related to the ventilation volume. Future investigation should design to further analyze the dose-response relationship and human exposure, absorption, metabolism, and damage mechanisms.

碩士 / 弘光科技大學 / 護理研究所 / 95 / ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, interests and behavior about aromatherapy and to discover the overall stress level of nurses. Nursing staffs within a medical center in central part of Taiwan were collected, cross-sectional and correlational design were used in this study. A structural questionnaire was given to 400 nurses. 352 out of 400 were valid and the response rate was 88%. The data collected were analyzed with descriptive statistical methods including maximum, minimum, mean, percentage and standard deviation. Deductive statistical methods including T-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and Scheffe’s method. The results showed (1) The score of Knowledge about aromatherapy was 14.6±5.5 with a correct rate of 56%. (Total scores: 24)；(2) The score of Attitude toward aromatherapy was 44.9±7.3 (Total scores: 60)；(3) Behavior of using aromatherapy showed positive correlated with their interest (p<0.05). (4) Pursuit of aromatherapy was correlated with pressure level Knowledge and Attitude toward aromatherapy. (p<0.05) The knowledge of aromatherapy, the source of the knowledge and the interest in aromatherapy were noted to influence the attitudes towards aromatherapy. But the behavior of using aromatherapy was affected by the interest in aromatherapy only. This study showed the knowledge of aromatherapy is important to clinical nursing staffs. It provides references of patient care and helps the patients seek for proper complementary treatment so as to improve the quality of patients’ hospital stay. Larger sample size and various sample sources were recommended along with evaluating the need of aromatherapy, experience of using aromatherapy, and impact factors in general population. Conferences, symposiums, and continuous education programs should be arranged for further improving nursing staffs’ knowledge of aromatherapy.

碩士 / 中臺科技大學 / 護理研究所 / 100 / Cancer has been the first of the top ten leading causes of deaths in Taiwan for thirty years. During the sickness, patients are accompanied not only by the physiological discomforts but also the psychological disturbances. Therefore, other than traditional medical therapies, complementary therapies are also widely accepted. Aromatherapy is now one of the mostly used therapies in palliative care unit. The present study explored the effect of aromatherapy on pain, emotional distress and sleeping quality in cancer patients receiving hospice care. A systematic review was conducted by using keywords such as aromatherapy, hospice care, pain, emotional distress and sleeping quality to search related literatures at databases including CINAHL、MEDLINE、The Cochrane Library、CEPS、GRB、PerioPath: Index to Taiwan Periodical Literature System, National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan, etc. Literautres were selected following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and then were evaluated by Cochrane Collaboration’s Tool for Assessing Risk of Bias, and those with moderate research quality were further analyzed by statistical software Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 2.0 to evaluate the effect of aromatherapy. The results revealed that aromatherapy had moderate effect on improving the pain of cancer patients accepting hospice care, however, the effects on emotional distress and sleeping quality were not statistically significant, the effect size were 0.539 (95% CI: 0.173~ 0.906), -0.198 (95% CI: -1.045~ 0.649), 0.621 (95% CI: -0.498~ 1.739), respectively. Aromatherapy is a complementary therapy that is convenient and of few side effect. The present study suggested that aromatherapy has effect on improving the pain of cancer patients who are accepting hospice care. The result could serve us a reference for professional health care personnel and patients of terminal cancer about approach of easing the pain. For further investigation, increasing sample size, establishing of standard treatment protocols, and reducing confounding factors (e.g. disease severity) are suggested.