For the first time in decades computers are evolving into a fundamentally new class of machine. Transistors are still getting smaller, more economical, and more power-efficient, but operating frequencies leveled off in the mid-2000's. Today, improving performance requires placing a larger number of slower processing cores on each of many chips. Software written for such machines must scale out over many cores rather than scaling up with a faster single core. Biological computation is an extreme manifestation of such a many-slow-core architecture and therefore offers a potential source of ideas for leveraging new hardware. This dissertation addresses several problems in the intersection of emerging computer architectures and biological computation, termed Cognitive Computing: What mechanisms are necessary to maintain stable representations in a large distributed learning system? How should complex biologically-inspired algorithms be tested? How do visual sensing limitations like occlusion influence performance of classification algorithms? Neurons have a limited dynamic output range, but must process real-world signals over a wide dynamic range without saturating or succumbing to endogenous noise. Many existing neural network models leverage spatial competition to address this issue, but require hand-tuning of several parameters for a specific, fixed distribution of inputs. Integrating spatial competition with a stabilizing learning process produces a neural network model capable of autonomously adapting to a non-stationary distribution of inputs. Human-engineered complex systems typically include a number of architectural features to curtail complexity and simplify testing. Biological systems do not obey these constraints. Biologically-inspired algorithms are thus dramatically more difficult to engineer. Augmenting standard tools from the software engineering community with features targeted towards biologically-inspired systems is an effective mitigation. Natural visual environments contain objects that are occluded by other objects. Such occlusions are under-represented in the standard benchmark datasets for testing classification algorithms. This bias masks the negative effect of occlusion on performance. Correcting the bias with a new dataset demonstrates that occlusion is a dominant variable in classification performance. Modifying a state-of-the-art algorithm with mechanisms for occlusion resistance doubles classification performance in high-occlusion cases without penalty for unoccluded objects.

Previous studies have shown that information regarding competitors has great value for organizations, especially in terms of strategy, making strategic decisions, strategic plans, development of resources, innovation and change, etc. However, most studies tend to investigate competitive intelligence rather than competitor intelligence. Competitor intelligence may be an important factor for organizations to include in their strategy building but too few focus on its impact on such process. Therefore this paper modified one of the strategy tools which are utilized in the strategy building process of organization by including competitor intelligence, with the aim at having a better understanding how competitor intelligence has impact or contribution to the process of strategy building. The modified model shows that with the presence of competitor intelligence, the reliability and feasibility of strategic options are improved to achieve a competitive strategy, which facilitates to enhance competitive advantage and sustainability of the organization.

La present tesi investiga el paper catalitzador de la intel·ligència emocional (IE) comportamental, sobre la relació entre la intel·ligència general, o g, i l'acompliment en la aprenentatge. La tesi comprèn tres articles empírics, encapçalats per una introducció global - on es presenta el marc teòric general - i un últim capítol dedicat a la discussió general dels resultats, limitacions, implicacions pràctiques i recomanacions per a la investigació futura. Tots els estudis es basen en la població de graduats de gestió en una escola de negocis líder a Europa. El primer article verifica la validesa i la fiabilitat de la mesura de múltiples avaluadors de comportament de la IE, l'Inventari de Competències Emocionals i Socials (ESCI), i qüestiona si hi ha certs tipus d'avaluadors (per exemple, en els contextos personals i professionals ), que són més aptes per avaluar determinades competències. Mentre verifica la hipòtesi que hi ha un ordre sistemàtic en les avaluacions, també mostra com algunes competències com la consciència de l'organització o l'autocontrol emocional són millor assessorats pels avaluadors amb una relació simètrica amb la persona (per exemple, amics, col·legues de treball). El segon article mou l'enfocament per a la relació entre la conducta de l'IE i una mesura d'intel·ligència general, el Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT), per preguntar si aquests constructes són prou divergents per assegurar la validesa discriminant de l'IE comportamental. La contribució més important d'aquesta tesi es presenta en el tercer article. Desenvolupem i vam provar un model d'interacció tasca-dependent per inspeccionar el paper moderador de la IE sobre la relació entre la intel·ligència general i l'acompliment en la aprenentatge quan dos tipus diferents de tasques, relacionades amb dos dominis cognitius antagònics – social i no social (o material) –, son realitzats. Amb base en una mostra de 864 candidats internacionals de MBA, els resultats revelen que, a part d'un efecte positiu de les competències emocionals i socials en l'exercici de professionals executius a l'aula, aquestes competències moderen la relació entre g i l’acompliment en la aprenentatge. Mentre trobem evidències que en tasques no socials, l'IE comportamental té un efecte més fort en l'acompliment en la aprenentatge dels alumnes que estan caracteritzats per un baix nivell de g, les nostres dades dan poc suport a la hipòtesi principal per la qual, en les tasques socials, la IE té un efecte catalitzador o promotor de la relació entre les capacitats cognitives i l'acompliment en l'aprenentatge. Per facilitar la discussió d'aquests resultats hem realitzat entrevistes ex-post en grups d'enfocament amb tres equips de candidats d'MBA. En aquestes entrevistes hem descobert un problema més profund relacionat amb la naturalesa individualista dels sofisticats sistemes de treball, amb els quals els candidats MBA realitzen les seves tasques d'equip. De fet, per forma a gestionar múltiples treballs, els MBA intenten minimitzar el temps d'interacció i discussió en els seus equips, i no arriben a experimentar una efectiva col·laboració entre tots, amb diàleg i intercanvi d'idees, ajudant-se uns als altres, junts en un propòsit comú d'aprenentatge. El capítol final ofereix un debat general sobre els resultats dels tres articles empírics, reconeixent les seves limitacions i debatent idees de fructíferes oportunitats per a futures investigacions. En concret, presentem implicacions pràctiques dels nostres resultats, i suggerim dissenys específics d'investigació i certs contextos en què el model d'interacció tasca-dependent podrà reunir més evidències i estimular la futura creació d'investigació innovadora. / La presente tesis investiga el papel catalizador de la inteligencia emocional (IE) comportamental, sobre la relación entre la inteligencia general, o g, y el desempeño en la aprendizaje. La tesis comprende tres artículos empíricos, encabezados por una introducción global – donde se presenta el marco teórico general- y un último capítulo dedicado a la discusión general de los resultados, limitaciones, implicaciones prácticas y recomendaciones para la investigación futura. Todos los estudios se basan en la población de graduados de gestión en una escuela de negocios líder en Europa. El primer artículo verifica la validez y la fiabilidad de la medida de múltiples evaluadores de comportamiento de la IE, el Inventario de Competencias Emocionales y Sociales (ESCI), y cuestiona si hay algunos tipos de evaluadores (ej., en los contextos personales y profesionales), que son más aptos que otros para evaluar ciertas competencias. Mientras se verifica la hipótesis de que hay un orden sistemático en las evaluaciones, también se muestra cómo algunas competencias tales como la conciencia de la organización o el autocontrol emocional son mejor asesoradas por los evaluadores con una relación simétrica con la persona (ej., amigos, colegas de trabajo). El segundo artículo mueve el enfoque sobre la relación entre la IE comportamental y una medida de inteligencia general, el Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT), para cuestionar si estos constructos son lo suficientemente divergentes como para asegurar la validez discriminante de la IE comportamental. La contribución más importante de esta tesis se presenta en el tercero artículo. Desarrollamos y probamos un modelo de interacción tarea-dependiente para inspeccionar el papel moderador de la IE sobre la relación entre la inteligencia general y el desempeño en la aprendizaje cuando dos tipos distintos de tareas, relacionados con dos dominios cognitivos antagónicos – social y no social (o material) –, son realizados. Con base en una muestra de 864 candidatos internacionales de MBA, los resultados revelan que, aparte de un efecto positivo de las competencias emocionales y sociales en el desempeño de profesionales ejecutivos en el aula, estas competencias moderan la relación entre g y el desempeño en la aprendizaje. Mientras encontramos evidencias de que en tareas no sociales, el IE comportamental tiene un efecto más fuerte en el desempeño en la aprendizaje cuando los alumnos están caracterizados por un bajo nivel de g, nuestros datos dan poco suporte a la hipótesis principal por la cual, en las tareas sociales, la IE tiene un efecto catalizador o promotor de la relación entre las capacidades cognitivas y el desempeño en el aprendizaje. Para facilitar la discusión de los resultados hemos realizado entrevistas ex-post en grupos de enfoque con tres equipos de candidatos de MBA. En estas entrevistas hemos descubierto un problema más profundo relacionado con la naturaleza individualista de los sofisticados sistemas de trabajo, con los cuales los candidatos MBA realizan sus tareas de equipo. De hecho, por forma a gestionar múltiplos trabajos, los MBA intentan minimizar el tiempo de interacción y discusión en sus equipos, y no llegan a experimentar una efectiva colaboración entre todos, con dialogo y intercambio de ideas, ayudándose unos a los otros, juntos en un propósito común de aprendizaje. El capítulo final ofrece un debate general sobre los resultados de los tres artículos empíricos, reconociendo sus limitaciones y debatiendo ideas de fructíferas oportunidades para futuras investigaciones. En concreto, presentamos implicaciones prácticas de nuestros resultados, y sugerimos diseños específicos de investigación y ciertos contextos en el que el modelo de interacción tarea-dependiente podrá reunir más evidencias y estimular la futura creación de investigación novedosa. / The present thesis investigates the catalyzing role of behavioral emotional intelligence (EI) over the relationship between general intelligence, or g, and learning performance. It comprises three empirical articles embedded within an overarching introduction - including an overall theoretical framework - and a final chapter dedicated to the general discussion of findings, limitations, practical implications and avenues for future research. All studies are based on the population of management graduates at a leading European business school. The first article verifies the validity and reliability of a multi-rater measure of behavioral EI, the Emotional and Social Competencies Inventory (ESCI), and inquires whether certain types of raters (e.g., in the personal and professional contexts), are relatively more apt than others, to assess specific competencies. While it confirms the hypothesis that there is a systematic order in ratings, whereby personal raters observe a higher degree of leniency bias than professional ones, it also shows how some competencies such as organizational awareness or emotional self control are best assessed by raters with a symmetric relationship with the person (e.g., friends, work peers). The second article shifts the focus onto the relationship between behavioral EI and a measure of general intelligence, the Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT), to inquire whether these different but related constructs are divergent enough to assure the discriminant validity of behavioral EI. The most important contribution of this thesis is presented in the third article. We develop and test a task-dependent interaction model to inspect the moderating role of EI over the relationship between general intelligence and learning performance when two distinct types of tasks, engaging two antagonistic cognitive domains – social and non-social (or material) tasks –, are undertaken. Based on a sample of 864 international MBA candidates, the results reveal that, aside a positive main effect of emotional and social competencies on the classroom performance of professional executives, these competencies moderate the relationship between g and learning performance. Whereas we find evidence that in non-social tasks, behavioral EI has a stronger effect on learning performance among candidates characterized with a low g, our data shows little support to the principal hypothesis, whereby in social tasks EI catalyzes or improves the relationship between cognitive abilities and learning performance. To aid the discussion of these findings we conduct ex-post focus groups with 3 teams of MBA candidates, and uncover a deeper problem tied with the individualistic nature of the sophisticated work systems students implement to get through their team assignments. Indeed, in order to cope with multiple requests they strive to minimize the actual interaction and group discussion with their teams, bypassing the opportunity to engage in real teamwork – that is to collaborate and help one another in their shared learning purpose. The concluding chapter stirs an overarching discussion on the results from the three empirical articles, acknowledging their limitations and offering insights of fruitful opportunities for future research. Specifically, we draw practical implications from our findings, and suggest specific research designs and context settings wherein the task-dependent interaction model we develop may gather further evidence and stimulate novel research.

Dagens konkurrensutsatta marknad ställer stora krav på organisationer och deras användning av hjälpmedel för att överleva och skapa konkurrensfördelar. Business intelligence är en samlingsteknik som för varje dag får allt större uppmärksamhet och som för många organisationer blivit ett måste för överleva. Tyvärr är implementationen av BI-tekniker problematisk och över 50 % av alla BI-initiativ misslyckas. Därför har en del studier forskat kring de kritiska framgångsfaktorerna för implementation av BI, som anses som en nyckel för att lyckas med implementationen. I den stora majoriteten av studierna utgår de kritiska framgångsfaktorerna dock från stora företag. De har andra förutsättningar än små och medelstora företag (SMF) som 99.9% av alla företag i Sverige består av. Studien har därför skapat en ram med kritiska faktorer speciellt uttagna för SMF med frågeställningen: Vilka är de kritiska framgångsfaktorerna för implementation av ett business intelligence system i SMF? Ramen skapades med litteraturstudie i kombination med expertintervjuer. Studiens ram visar att faktorerna inte skiljer sig nämnvärt efter företagsstorleken, utan efter projektets storlek. Nyckelord: Business intelligence, Kritiska framgångsfaktorer, Implementation, Små och medelstora företag / Today’s competitive market places great demands on organisations and their use of means to survive and gain competitive advantages. Business intelligence (BI) is an umbrella term of technologies that has become necessary for many organisations to survive the competitive market, and it gets more attention for every passing day. Unfortunately, the implementation of BI technologies is problematic and statistics show that more than 50% of all BI-initiatives fail. Therefore, some studies have identified critical success factors (CSFs), crucial for the implementation of BI, which is considered as a key for the success of a BI-project. However, the majority of the CSFs are based on large, international enterprises. Which differ from small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) which 99.9% of all Swedish companies consist of. Thus are the identification of relevant CSFs for SMEs crucial. The study has therefore with the research question: Which are the CSFs for implementation of BI-systems in SMEs created a framework with CSFs specially designed for SMEs, based on a literature review combined with expert interviews. The analysis and result of the study shows that the CSFs do not differ in terms of the organisation size, rather it differs depending on the size of the project. However, the study has also identified previously unidentified critical success factors crucial for the implementation of BI-systems. Keywords: Business intelligence, Critical Success factors, Implementation, Small and medium-sized enterprises

Developing a suitable strategy for innovation can be a challenge, and especially if the industry is constantly changing. It is important for firms to be aware of the external environment to be able to create competitive strategies. The knowledge about how to perform competitive intelligences is essential for managers. It is their job to analyze and take the external factors into consideration when creating unique strategies for the company. The choice of strategy will affect the focus within the firm, resulting in that an analysis of the environment is essential before establishing the strategy. Managers must also build the right organizational structure, to be able to accomplish the goals and objectives. It has been proven that an entrepreneurial culture is profitable for companies and it is therefore important for managers to create strategies where this way of work can be applied. Building alliances can also result in better understanding for the industry and can give better insight in how to handle a changing environment. Keywords: competitive intelligence, competitive strategies, strategies, innovation, management

What has been an enduring gap in both research and practice since the McKinsey consultants first published their report on 'The war for talent' in 1998 as a response to rising competition between organisations globally, is the lack of talent management systems where professional rather than leadership talent is recognised. By focusing on the competitive intelligence specialist role, this study explores how a seemingly strategic professional role is framed in the context of organisational talent within the banking sector of Zimbabwe. It is noteworthy that the modern thinking around talent management in organisations has been dominated by research done in United States of America (US), Europe and Asia with a focus on multinational and private organisations (Thunnissen et al., 2013a: 1745). Of notable concern is the lack of empirical efforts towards talent management within the African continent, even more so in the context of the banking sector, and this study is an attempt to address this gap. By using a conceptual framework derived from a critical review of competitive intelligence specialist and talent management literature, the study uses qualitative methods to collect research data from the case study bank, namely Steward Bank. To illuminate how the research participants framed the research phenomenon, frame analysis was adopted and achieved through the analytical use of a signature matrix consisting of two elements: rhetorical framing devices and rhetorical reasoning devices. Contrary to the research expectations, in this case study, the competitive intelligence specialist activities are not embedded in specific roles but instead are dispersed across the organisations in different departments. This setup is attributed to the dispersed nature of the requisite knowledge resident in different parts of the organisation. It is clear from the findings that competitive intelligence specialist activities are recognised as a key differentiator to organisational performance, and arguably deserve to be recognised as talent. However, the formal talent management system does not recognise competitive intelligence specialist activities as organisational talent, thereby pointing to rhetorical obfuscation by participants. Furthermore, different aspects of how talent is defined emerged ranging from an innate view of talent, with some going further to attribute talent as a gift from God, to an acquired view of talent where participants suggest that the more they practice competitive intelligence activities, the more expertise they tend to gain. Based on findings of this study, it is argued that organisations will benefit more from a holistic approach to talent management, which not only includes key strategic leadership roles but also incorporates key strategic specialist roles and key strategic specialist activities similar to the competitive intelligence specialist activities. Also, both academics and practitioners need to reconsider the institutionalisation of competitive intelligence and incorporate the dispersed competitive intelligence activities approach. By successfully applying frame analysis, this study has also heightened the notion of frame signature matrix as a data analysis technique for identifying how actors frame certain phenomenon within the organisational context.

This study investigates the use of social media platforms (SMPs) for acquiring supply chain intelligence (SCI) to improve supply chain performance. Given the growth of social media use, there is an urgency for increased understanding of the effectiveness of emerging SMPs. In today's competitive global environment, supply chain managers need to have a precise understanding about the SMPs that have become one of the premier sources of gaining SCI and in turn foster supply chain performance. Organizations need a methodology for selecting SMPs to remain proactive ahead of their competitors. The evolution of SMPs has caused a paradigm shift in how organizations obtain SCI to increase their revenues, profitability and reputation. The aim of this study is to apply a multi-criteria analysis using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to select SMPs. Stage 1 represents the primary goal, the decision maker wishes to gain in executing SMPs; Stage 2 consists of decision criteria; Stage 3 is composed of sub-criteria; and finally Stage 4 represents the SMP alternatives reported in the organizational hierarchy structure. The objective of this model is to rank the SMPs. The model includes key supply chain performance factors in the organization. The hierarchical models are used to breakdown the complex notion of supply chain performance into its constituent parts. The second phase of the hierarchical model consists of the performance indicators of which supply chain performance is composed. Hence, the modeled value is the supply chain performance in the organization. Our results indicate that the top three supply chain performance indicators are quality, assurance of supply and delivery. Meanwhile the top three types of supply chain intelligence are logistics intelligence, product/process intelligence and supply chain visibility intelligence. The top three SMP alternatives are, LinkedIn, Facebook and Twitter.

L’Intelligence Ambiamte (AmI) est un domaine de recherche investigant les techniques d’intelligence artificielle pour créer des environnements réactifs. Les réseaux de capteurs et effecteurs sans-fils sont les supports de communication entre les appareils ménagers, les services installés et les interfaces homme-machine. Cette thèse s’intéresse à la conception d’Environements Réactifs avec des propriétés autonomiques i.e. des systèmes qui ont la capacité de se gérer eux-même. De tels environements sont ouverts, à grande échelle, dynamique et hétérogène, ce qui induit certains problèmes pour leur gestion par des systèmes monolithiques. L’approche proposée est bio-inspirée en considérant chacune des plate-formes comme une cellule indépendente formant un organisme intelligent distribué. Chaque cellule est programmée par un processus ADN-RNA décrit par des règles réactives décrivant leur comportement interne et externe. Ces règles sont modelées par des agents mobiles ayant des capacités d’auto-réécriture et offrant ainsi des possibilités de reprogrammation dynamique. Le framework EMMA est composé d’un middleware modulaire avec une architecture orientée ressource basée sur la technologie 6LoWPAN et d’une architecture MAPE-K pour concevoir des AmI à plusieurs échelles. Les différentes relations entre les problèmes techniques et les besoins théoriques sont discutées dans cette thèse depuis les plate-formes, le réseau, le middleware, les agents mobiles, le déploiement des applications jusqu’au système intelligent. Deux algorithmes pour AmI sont proposés : un modèle de contrôleur neuronal artificiel pour le contrôle automatique des appareils ménagers avec des processus d’apprentissage ainsi qu’une procédure de vote distribuée pour synchroniser les décisions de plusieurs composants systèmes. / AThe Ambient Intelligence (AmI) is a research area investigating AI techniques to create Responsive Environments (RE). Wireless Sensor and Actor Network (WSAN) are the supports for communications between the appliances, the deployed services and Human Computer Interface (HCI). This thesis focuses on the design of RE with autonomic properties i.e. system that have the ability to manage themselves. Such environments are open, large scale, dynamic and heterogeneous which induce some difficulties in their management by monolithic system. The bio-inspired proposal considers all devices like independent cells forming an intelligent distributed organism. Each cell is programmed by a DNA-RNA process composed of reactive rules describing its internal and external behaviour. These rules are modelled by reactive agents with self-rewriting features offering dynamic reprogramming abilities. The EMMA framework is composed of a modular Resource Oriented Architecture (ROA) Middleware based on IPv6 LoW Power Wireless Area Networks (6LoWPAN) technology and a MAPE-K architecture to design multi-scale AmI. The different relations between technical issues and theoretical requirements are discussed through the platforms, the network, the middleware, the mobile agents, the application deployment to the intelligent system. Two algorithms for AmI are proposed: an Artificial Neural Controller (ANC) model for automatic control of appliances with learning processes and a distributed Voting Procedures (VP) to synchronize the decisions of several system components over the WSAN.

Cette thèse a pour objet d'étudier la sécurité économique dans un contexte de mondialisation. Au sens large du terme la sécurité économique est l’absence de menaces contre le patrimoine économique. La protection de ce patrimoine est effectuée par de nombreuses mesures et politiques et des instruments juridiques. L’intelligence économique avec ses outils a permis le passage d’une sécurité strictement passive à une sécurité active. Les politiques liées à la protection du patrimoine économique s’opèrent par une coopération entre le public et le privé. La recherche met l’accent sur la notion de sécurité économique à l’épreuve de la mondialisation, permettant d’analyser de façon globale les menaces et les politiques de riposte dans un environnement de globalisation économique. / This thesis has for object to study the economic security in a context of globalization. In the broad sense term the economic security is the absence of threats against the economic heritage. The protection of this heritage is carried by many measures and policies and legal instruments. The competitive intelligence with its tools allowed the passage of a strictly passive security an active security. The policies related to economic heritage protection take place by cooperation between the public and the private sector. The search emphasizes the notion of economic security in the event of the globalization, allowing to analyse in a global way the threats and the policies of retort in an environment of economic globalization.

Cette thèse CIFRE menée au sein de l'équipe « Veille Innovation » d'EDF R&D décrit le processus de constitution de l'activité de veille collaborative sur le portail collaboratif Hermès. Nous analysons la tension entre, d'une part, un objectif de déploiement basé sur un usage volontaire et émergent valorisant le mode communautaire et, d'autre part, le contexte de l'entreprise marqué par une organisation hiérarchique et en mode projet. Suivant une approche de recherche pragmatique, nous mobilisons un cadre théorique et analytique double : la « Communication Constitutive de l'Organisation » (CCO) et la « Sémiotique des Transactions Coopératives » (STC).Dans la première partie, nous présentons les caractéristiques de l'activité de veille réalisée au sein des entreprises et des outils 2.0 dédiés. Nous décrivons en détail le portail collaboratif de veille Hermès et le travail de son équipe-projet. L'analyse des traces d'usage du portail nous permet de mieux appréhender l'appropriation d'Hermès par ses utilisateurs ainsi que les deux modes de coopération en présence : la coopération indirecte et la coopération directe.Dans la deuxième partie, nous présentons les cadres théoriques qui nous permettent d'introduire la notion de communicologue et de proposer une démarche pour l'engagement des acteurs dans la veille collaborative. En utilisant une démarche de théorisation ancrée, nous analysons les entretiens individuels réalisés avec des veilleurs appartenant à quatre « communautés » Hermès. Nous reconstituons quatre cas de coopération à partir de leur compréhension de l'activité de veille collaborative et de leurs usages du portail.La persistance du mode d'organisation par projets au sein des « communautés » de veille Hermès indique que les changements envisagés par l'équipe-projet de conception ne sont pas produits. Pourtant, nous observons que les « communautés » de veille peuvent construire leur propre mode d'organisation de l'activité communautaire tout en restant en phase avec les besoins et les lignes directrices des projets. Nous faisons l'hypothèse qu'en mettant en place la démarche du communicologue, l'équipe-projet peut aider les communautés Hermès à concevoir leur activité collective selon les caractéristiques d'un régime de coopération communautaire. Enfin, cette recherche nous permet de distinguer les activités de veille collaborative et de veille communautaire au sens propre. / This CIFRE thesis, conducted within the team "Veille Innovation" at the R&D direction of EDF, describes the constitution process of the collaborative intelligence activity through the collaborative portal Hermes. We analyze the tension between, on one hand, a deployment strategy based on a voluntary and emerging use that values community based organization and, secondly, the business context marked by a hierarchical and project based organization. Following a pragmatic research approach, we mobilize a double theoretical and analytical framework: the "Communicative Constitution of Organizations" (CCO) and "Semiotics of Cooperative Transactions" (STC).In the first part, we present the characteristics of the competitive intelligence activity carried out within companies using dedicated 2.0 tools. We describe in detail the collaborative portal Hermes and the work of its project team. The analysis of the portal's usage quantitative data allows us to better understand the appropriation of Hermes for its users and the two modes of cooperation involved: indirect cooperation and direct cooperation.In the second part, we present the theoretical frameworks that allow us to introduce the concept of “communicologue” and to propose an approach for the engagement of stakeholders in collaborative intelligence activity. Using a grounded theory approach, we analyze individual interviews with users belonging to four Hermès "communities". We reconstruct four cases of cooperation from their understanding of the collaborative intelligence activity and their use of the portal.The persistence of the project mode organization in the Hermès "communities" indicates that the changes envisioned by the project team are not produced. However, we observe that the "communities" can build their own community based organization while remaining in line with the needs and guidelines of the projects. We assume that by the implementation of the “communicologue” approach, the project team can help Hermes communities design their collective activity following the characteristics of a community cooperative regime. Finally, this research allows us to distinguish the activities of collaborative intelligence and community watch literally.