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A double-blind homoeopathic drug proving of Curcuma longa 30CH with the subsequent comparison to the Ayurvedic and phytotherapeutic indications thereofRajkoomar, Suhana January 2011 (has links)
Mini-dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master’s Degree in Technology: Homoeopathy, Durban University of Technology, 2011. / Introduction
The purpose of this study was to determine the therapeutic potential of Curcuma longa 30CH when administered to healthy individuals, thus revealing the materia medica of the substance.
It was also the aim of this study to compare the existing therapeutic indications of the substance to the proving symptomatology.
Methodology
The proving took the form of a double-blind placebo controlled study and was conducted by two Master’s in Technology: Homoeopathy students using 30 healthy subjects. Twenty four provers were given the active medication and six provers were given the placebo. The remedy was manufactured according to the German Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia in 30CH potency. The proving ran for a period of six weeks.
Results
The symptoms extracted from the proving were placed in different sections according to the repertory and was compared to the Ayurvedic and Phytotherapeutic indications of Curcuma longa. There were 202 symptoms produced as a result of the remedy, 141 rubrics were formulated using these symptoms. The largest number of rubrics
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was allocated to the mind, head and dreams section of the repertory, other smaller sections of prominence included the eye, ear, nose and throat sections.
A wealth of information was gained once the comparison was made between Curcuma longa 30CH and the Phytotherapeutic and Ayurvedic indications of use. Similarities between the materia medica of Curcuma longa and the Phytotherapeutic indications of use were found to exist with respect to sections such as eye, nose, face, stomach, stool, respiration, back, extremities, skin and generals.
Conclusion
The administration of Curcuma longa 30C to healthy provers according to the methodological protocol of this study resulted in the production of a variety of defined proving symptoms which comprise the materia medica thereof (first objective of the study). The subsequent comparison of the proving symptoms with the existing indications of Turmeric as an Ayurvedic and Phytotherapeutic medicine (second objective of the study) revealed clear correlations in a variety of defined areas.
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Medical ethnobotany of Wik, Wik-Way and Kugu peoples of Cape York Peninsula, Australia : an integrated collaborative approach to understanding traditional phytotherapeutic knowledge and its applicationsEdwards, Sarah Elizabeth January 2006 (has links)
No description available.
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An assessment of medicinal hemp plant extracts as natural antibiotic and immune modulation phytotherapiesCase, Olivia Hildegard January 2005 (has links)
This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of medicinal hemp plant extracts to determine the antibacterial effects of indigenous Sansevieria species and exotic Cannabis sativa phytotherapy varieties. This study also assessed whether aqueous o
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An assessment of Hypoxis hemerocallidea extracts, and actives as natural antibiotic, and immune modulation phytotherapies.Muwanga, Catherine January 2006 (has links)
<p>In South Africa, the crude aqueous extract from Hypoxis hemerocallidea is used by AIDS patients to treat opportunistic infections, such as tuberculosis. The rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, and extreme drug resistant tuberculosis, in recent years, is a major threat to human health. The treatment of TB, nosocomial bacterial infections, and fungal infections is now a clinical challenge, especially in the immuno-compromised individual. There is a dire need for novel antibiotic alternatives with phytotherapies and plant-derived compounds as potentially promising alternatives. The main objective of this study was to investigate the antimycobacterial activity of Hypoxis hemerocallidea, a South African medicinal plant, using Mycobacterium smegmatis.</p>
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The efficacy of a phytotherapeutic complex (Angelica sinensis, Dioscorea villosa, Matricaria chamomilla, Viburnum opulus and Zingiber officinalis) compared with homoeopathic similimum in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhoeaShange, Nondumiso Caroline January 2016 (has links)
Submitted in partial compliance with the requirements of the Master’s Degree in Technology: Homeopathy, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2016. / INTRODUCTION
Dysmenorrhoea is defined as difficult menstrual flow or painful menstruation. Dysmenorrhoea is the most common gynaecological complaint in younger women who present themselves to clinicians.
Primary dysmenorrhoea is defined as painful menstrual cramps without any evident pathology present. It refers to any degree of perceived cramping pain experienced during menstruation. Around 50% of menstruating females suffer from primary dysmenorrhoea. Prevalence decreases with age, with prevalence being highest in the 20 to 24 year old age group. This trial intended to evaluate the effectiveness of a phytotherapeutic complex in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhoea compared to homoeopathic similimum in a 30 cH plussed potency. This study aimed to provide the safe and effective alternative therapy for primary dysmenorrhoea, especially for the population that is contradicted to use the readily available forms of treatments.
TRIAL DESIGN
This double-blind randomised parallel clinical trial, aimed to determine the effectiveness of a phytotherapeutic complex consisting of Angelica sinensis1:10, Dioscorea villosa1:10, Matricaria chamomilla 1:10, Viburnum opulus 1:10, and Zingiber officinalis 1:10 in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea, compared to homoeopathic similimum in a 30cH plussed potency.
METHODOLOGY
A sample group of 26 participants were voluntarily selected for the study on the basis of an inclusion and exclusion criteria. These participants were then randomly divided into two groups, 17 in the group receiving the phytotherapeutic complex, 8 in the control group receiving the similimum and 1 drop-out. Each participant had to attend a total of four consultations with the researcher over a three month period, at the Durban University of Technology (DUT) Homoeopathic Day Clinic.
At each consultation the participant completed the Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ) (Appendix B) as well as the Pain Rating Scale (PRS) (Appendix C).
Intra-group analysis was performed using the non-parametric test for analysis of variance: Friedman’s test. Inter-group analysis was conducted using the Mann- Whitney U test for two independent samples.
RESULTS
Results from the intra-group analysis showed that in both groups most measured parameters relating to experience during the previous menstrual flow showed statistically significant reductions in intensity. This is to say that both the group receiving phytotherapy and the group receiving similimum experienced reductions in their symptoms as measured by both the MDQ and the PRS.
Results from the inter-group analysis showed that there is no significant difference between the phytotherapy and similimum group in all symptoms except the water retention category, with regard to symptom perception during the last menstrual flow of the trial.
CONCLUSION
The conclusion reached in this study was that both the phytotherapeutic complex treatment and the homoeopathic similimum treatment were effective at reducing the clinical features of primary dysmenorrhea, but there was no significant difference between the phytotherapy and similimum group in all except the water retention category during the last menstrual period as measured by the MDQ Further, there was no statistically significant difference between groups treated with phytotherapy compared to similimum as measured by the PRS. / M
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O efeito do uso de fitoterápicos e da própolis nas propriedades físico-químicas, antimicrobiana e biocompatibilidade do MTA / The effect of the use of phytotherapics and propolis in physicochemical properties, antimicrobial and biocompatibility of MTACavenago, Bruno Cavalini 31 March 2015 (has links)
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as propriedades físico-químicas, antimicrobianas e biocompatibilidade do MTA branco manipulado com extratos aquoso e/ou em propilenoglicol da Arctium lappa L., Casearia sylvestris Sw. e própolis. Dentre os testes físico-químicos foram avaliados o tempo de presa, escoamento, pH, liberação de íons cálcio e alteração volumétrica. Para verificar o efeito antimicrobiano foram aplicadas as metodologias do contato direto (Enterococcus faecalis e a Cândida albicans) e da descontaminação dentinária, empregando a microscopia confocal de varredura laser para verificar a viabilidade de Enterococcus faecalis. Para a avaliação da biocompatibilidade, 162 ratos Wistar foram utilizados, onde cada animal recebeu dois implantes subcutâneos e um alveolar. Após os períodos experimentais de 15, 30 e 60 dias foram realizadas análises microtomográfica, histológica descritiva e histomorfométrica. Adicionalmente amostras do tecido alveolar foram processadas para dosagem das citocinas TNF-α e IL-10 por meio do ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA). Os dados obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente com os testes ANOVA e Tukey ou Kruskal-Wallis e Dunn. Os resultados revelaram que a variação do veículo associado ao MTA aumentou significativamente o tempo de presa, no entanto, não houve influência na alteração volumétrica (P>0,05) e na capacidade do cimento em manter o meio alcalino e liberar íons cálcio. Os cimentos manipulados com extratos em propilenoglicol apresentaram maior escoamento (P<0,05). Apenas o extrato da própolis agregou ao MTA efeito contra o Enterococcus faecalis após 24 e 48 horas (descontaminação dentinária e contato direto respectivamente) e contra a Cândida albicans após 10 horas (P<0,05). De acordo com as avaliações histológica e histomorfométrica dos implantes em tecidos subcutâneo e alveolar não foi constatada diferença significativa entre os grupos experimentais quando comparados com o grupo no qual o MTA foi manipulado com água destilada. Segundo a análise microtomográfica e a expressão das citocinas TNF-α e IL-10 houve similaridade (P>0,05) entre todos os grupos. Apesar de ter alterado algumas propriedades físico-químicas, o extrato da própolis potencializou o efeito antimicrobiano do MTA sem, contudo, alterar sua biocompatibilidade. / The aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical, antimicrobial properties and biocompatibility of white MTA mixed with aqueous or propylene glycol extracts of Arctium lappa L., Casearia sylvestris Sw. and propolis. Among physicochemical tests were evaluated the setting time, flowability, pH, ion calcium release and volumetric change. To verify the antimicrobial effects were applied the methods of direct contact (Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans) and dentin decontamination by using the confocal laser scanning microscopy to verify the Enterococcus faecalis viability. To evaluate the biocompatibility were used 162 Wistar rats. Each animal received one alveolar and two subcutaneous implants. After the experimental periods of 15, 30 and 60 days were performed the microtomography, histological description and histomorphometric analyses. Additionally alveolar tissue samples were processed for the measurement of TNF-α e IL-10 cytokines by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The data were statistically analyzed by the ANOVA and Tukey or KruskalWallis and Dunns tests. The results revealed that the variation of the vehicle associated to MTA significantly increased its setting time, however did not influence the volumetric change (P>0,05) and the cement\'s ability to maintain the alkaline medium and ion calcium release. Cements mixed with propylene glycol extracts showed higher flowability (P<0,05). Only propolis extract added to MTA the effect against E. faecalis after 24 and 48 hours (dentin decontamination and direct contact respectively) and against Candida albicans after 10 hours (P<0,05). According to the histological and histomorphometric evaluation of the implants in subcutaneous and alveolar tissue was not observed significant differences between the experimental groups in comparison to the reference group (MTA was mixed with distilled water). The microtomography analysis and expression of TNF-α and IL-10 showed that the groups were similar (P>0,05). Although the propolis extract modified some physicochemical properties of MTA it is potentiated the antimicrobial effect and did not influence the biocompatibility.
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As práticas de uso de plantas medicinais e fitoterápicos por trabalhadores de saúde na atenção básica / The practices of use of medicinal plants and phytotherapics by health workers in primary careSilva, Jael Bernardes da 18 December 2012 (has links)
O objeto deste estudo centrou-se nas práticas de uso de plantas medicinais e fitoterápicos por trabalhadores de uma equipe de saúde da família. O uso de plantas pela população é tradicionalmente disseminado e oficialmente reconhecido pela OMS e pelo Ministério da Saúde. O processo de trabalho em saúde e as ações de cuidado efetivamente empreendidas pelos trabalhadores são influenciados pelas práticas de saúde, que são práticas sociais e que se conformam a partir de um contexto sócio-histórico-econômico-político. As práticas de uso de fitoterápicos, prática de saúde, são convergentes com os propósitos da estratégia saúde da família, uma vez que o projeto que deu origem ao Programa estudado foi proposto como instrumento para ampliar as ações de saúde, a fim de disponibilizar ao usuário um cuidado integral à sua saúde e promover o resgate e o fortalecimento do conhecimento popular. Assim, a fitoterapia emergiu como uma prática anti-hegemônica e encontra respaldo a nível federal na atual Política Nacional de Plantas Medicinais e Fitoterápicos e no Programa Nacional de Plantas Medicinais e Fitoterápicos. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as práticas dos trabalhadores de saúde, relacionadas a políticas e programas que oferecem plantas medicinais e fitoterápicos no SUS com ênfase nos seus sentidos, significados e conhecimentos. A abordagem adotada foi qualitativa, com caráter exploratório-descritivo. Utilizaram-se várias técnicas de pesquisa e fontes de dados. A análise documental, entrevistas e observação participante foram os instrumentos que permitiram acessar o universo desejado. As fontes de dados documentais foram documentos municipais sobre o processo de implantação do Programa e instrumentos de gestão. A fase da observação participante envolveu 10 trabalhadores da equipe de saúde da família. As entrevistas semiestruturadas foram realizadas com três informantes-chave e oito trabalhadores. A coleta se deu no período de janeiro a junho de 2012. Os documentos e os registros das observações e das entrevistas foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo separadamente e, após esse momento, agrupados, o que levou a quatro temas: 1. O Programa de Fitoterapia em Campinas; 2. Os elementos que viabilizam a inclusão de fitoterápicos no processo de trabalho; 3. As práticas de uso de fitoterápicos e plantas medicinais: a população usuária e os trabalhadores e 4. Os sentidos e os significados do uso de plantas medicinais e fitoterápicos na percepção dos trabalhadores. Retomado o contexto em que a fitoterapia foi implantada e como atualmente vem sendo desenvolvida, foi possível perceber que a fitoterapia não faz parte da produção de cuidado realizada pelos trabalhadores da unidade pesquisada. No estudo, alguns possíveis motivos são elencados para entender essa situação, no entanto, entende-se que novos estudos devem ser realizados a fim de se aprofundarem as questões que envolvem a capilarização da fitoterapia entre os trabalhadores. Acredita-se que o esforço de continuar investindo no Programa de Fitoterapia e ainda a ampliação de suas ações no sentido de instrumentalizar os trabalhadores para a prática repercutirão como benefícios tanto para a comunidade quanto para o fortalecimento da rede em si e do programa / The object of this study focused on the practical use of medicinal plants and phytotherapics by workers of a family health team. The use of plants by population is traditionally disseminated and officially recognized by WHO and Ministry of Health. The work process in health and care actions effectively undertaken by workers are influenced by health practices, which are social practices that conform from a socio-economic-political-historical context. The practice of phytotherapics using, health practice, are convergent with the purposes of the family health strategy, since the project which led to the studied program was proposed as a tool to expand health actions in order to provide for the user an integral care for their health and promote the recovery and strengthening of popular knowledge. Thus, phytotherapy has emerged as an anti-hegemonic practice and finds support at the federal level in the current National Policy on Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapics and the Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapics National Program. The aim of this study was to analyze the practices of health workers, related to policies and programs that offer medicinal plants and phytotherapics in SUS with emphasis on their senses, meanings and knowledge. Was adopted a qualitative approach, with an exploratory-descriptive character. Various techniques for research and data sources have been used. The document analysis, interviews and participant observation were the instruments that enabled to access the desired universe. The documental data sources were county documents about the process of implementation of the Program and management tools. The phase of participant observation involved 10 workers of family health team. The semi-structured interviews were conducted with three key informants and eight workers. The collection took place from January to June 2012. The documents and records of observations and interviews were subjected to content analysis separately and, after that moment, grouped, which led to four themes: 1. The Phytotherapy Program in Campinas, 2. The elements that enable the inclusion of phytotherapics in the work process, 3. The practice of use of phytotherapics and medicinal plants: the user population and workers 4. Senses and meanings of the use of medicinal plants and phytotherapics on the workers perceptions. Retaking the context that phytotherapics has been deployed and how come developing actually, was possible to perceive that phytotherapics is not part of the production of care performed by workers of the unit searched. In the study, some possible reasons are listed to understand this situation, however, it is understood that further studies should be conducted to deepen the issues surrounding the capillarization of phytotherapy among workers. It is believed that the effort to continue investing in the Phytotherapy Program and further expanding its actions to equip workers to practice reverberate as benefits to the community and to strengthen the network and the program itself
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Uso sustentável da biodiversidade na Amazônia Brasileira: experiências atuais e perspectivas das bioindústrias de cosméticos e fitoterápicos / Sustainable use of biodiversity in the Brazilian Amazon: experiences and perspectives of the cosmetics and phytotherapics bioindustriesMiguel, Laís Mourão 19 December 2007 (has links)
A crescente demanda por produtos naturais desenvolvidos em bases sustentáveis tem promovido novas oportunidades de negócios na Amazônia brasileira. Como parte dessa tendência, os avanços das pesquisas na biotecnologia têm demonstrado papel fundamental na expansão desse potencial, impulsionando desse modo as cadeias produtivas das bioindústrias na região. Setores que merecem destaque na produção de bioprodutos em novas bases técnicas são representados pelas indústrias de cosméticos e fitoterápicos. Tendo como foco essas relações entre a biodiversidade, a biotecnologia e a bioindústria, o presente trabalho avalia algumas experiências em curso nesses segmentos, que envolvem um complexo sistema de parcerias entre empresas, universidades, institutos de pesquisa, agências financeiras oficiais, comunidades organizadas e cooperativas de dentro e fora da Região. Constituiu objeto de levantamento empírico, algumas indústrias de diferentes portes, centros de pesquisa e pequenos empreendimentos emergentes apoiados por Programas de Incubação de Empresas de Base Tecnológica em Belém e Manaus. / The growing demand for natural products developed by sustainable bases has created new business oportunities in the Brazilian Amazon. As part of this development, biotecnological research advances have show fundamental role in expanding its potential, pushing forward, on this way, the bioindustry productive chairs on the region. Sectors that deserve attention on the production of bioprodutcs under new tecniques bases are represented by the cosmetics and phytotherapics industries. Focusing on these relations between biodiversity, biotechnology and bioindustry, this research will evaluate on-going experiences which englobe a system of partnerships among companies, universities, research institutes, financial agencies, active local communities and unions from within and without the region. This research is empirically supported by interviews and visits to several industries, with different sizes; research centers and small scale emergent enterprises sponsored by Business Incubation Programs of Technological Bases in Belém and Manaus.
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Estudo comparativo entre as ações do nimesulida, arnica montana homeopática e arnica montana fitoterápica - possíveis aplicações na terapêutica da doença periodontal e na rotina do consultório odontológico / Comparative study of the actions of nimesulide, homeopathic arnica montana and arnica montana phytotherapic - possible applications in the treatment of periodontal disease and routine dental officeCabresté, Adriana 02 October 2015 (has links)
Trata-se de estudo comparativo para avaliar a atividade dos medicamentos nimesulida, Arnica TM, Arnica 6CH comparados com H2O no tratamento da Doença Periodontal experimental induzida por ligadura em ratos. Esta doença se caracteriza por processo inflamatório que pode evoluir até ao ligamento periodontal e tecido ósseo provocando perda óssea. Mediadores produzidos pelo hospedeiro e substâncias do biofilme são responsáveis pelos danos que podem levar até a perda do elemento dentário. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver estudo exploratório descritivo para analisar, aprofundar e comparar os efeitos das medicações citadas, investigando possíveis inovações no tratamento da doença periodontal. A metodologia consistiu em: 1) colocação, sob anestesia, da ligadura no primeiro molar inferior esquerdo. 2) administração diária por gavagem de H2O (controle) (1μl/g), nimesulida (1μl/g, de uma suspensão com 5mg/ml), Arnica TM (8μl/300g) ou Arnica 6CH (3,21μl/300g) durante 14, 21 e 28 dias a quatro grupos de ratos Wistar (n=30/ grupo); 3) eutanásia e coleta de material para análises histológica, da perda óssea e RT-PCR (alvos: TNF-α, COX-2, IL-6, OPG e RANKL); 4) análise estatística paramétrica realizada por ANOVA a um ou dois critérios, seguida do teste de Tukey, ou por análise não paramétrica por Kruskal-Wallis, seguido do método de Dunns, nível de significância de 5%. Quanto à perda óssea, não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos e nenhum dos tratamentos foi capaz de contê-la. Os escores para o infiltrado inflamatório não mostraram diferença significativa entre os grupos nos períodos estudados. Quanto ao escore geral, que envolve intensidade do infiltrado inflamatório, migração do epitélio juncional, integridade do cemento e da crista óssea alveolar, não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos nos períodos. Na expressão do RNAm para as citocinas vimos para o TNF-α não haver diferença significativa entre os grupos, quando se analisou isoladamente os períodos de 14 e 28 dias. No entanto, no período de 21 dias, houve redução significativa no grupo nimesulida comparado ao grupo Arnica 6CH (∗p<0,05). Para a COX-2, não houve diferença significativa quanto à expressão do RNAm entre os grupos, analisando isoladamente cada período de estudo, sendo nítida a redução desta expressão no grupo Arnica 6CH em todos os períodos; para a IL-6, OPG e RANKL não houve diferença significativa quanto à expressão do RNAm entre os grupos nos períodos estudados. No entanto, no grupo Arnica 6CH nota-se tendência nítida para o aumento da expressão do RNAm para OPG, ao longo do tempo. Comparando com o grupo H2O a ação de cada medicamento quanto à expressão do RNAm para todas as citocinas, considerando o conjunto dos 3 períodos, vê-se redução significativa para a expressão de RNAm para COX-2 e RANKL após o tratamento com Arnica 6CH (∗p<0,05). O mesmo pode ser visto para a nimesulida quando se estuda a expressão do RNAm para RANKL (∗p<0,05). No estudo ficaram destacados os efeitos biológicos da Arnica 6CH sobre a leitura e transcrição do DNA, notadamente sobre genes relacionados à perda óssea, o que vislumbra a possibilidade de sua utilização terapêutica. / This is a comparative study to evaluate the activity of nimesulide medicines, Arnica TM, Arnica 6CH compared with H2O in the treatment of experimental periodontal disease induced by ligation in rats. This disease is characterized by an inflammatory process that may progress to the periodontal ligament and bone tissue leading to bone loss. Mediators produced by the host and biofilm substances are responsible for the damage that can lead to tooth loss. The aim of this exploratory and descriptive study was to analyze, deepen and compare the effects of the mentioned medications, investigating possible innovations in the treatment of periodontal disease. The methodology consisted of: 1) placing under anesthesia ligature in the first lower left molar. 2) daily administration by gavage H2O (control) (1μl/g), nimesulide (1μl/g, a suspension of 5 mg / ml), Arnica TM (8μl/300g) or Arnica 6CH (3,21μl/300g) for 14, 21 and 28 days to four groups of Wistar rats (n = 30 / group); 3) euthanasia and collection of material for histological, bone loss and RTPCRanalysis (targets: TNF-α, COX-2, IL-6, OPG and RANKL); 4) parametric statistical analysis performed by ANOVA to one or two criteria, followed by Tukey test, or nonparametric analysis by Kruskal-Wallis, followed by Dunns method, 5% significance level. Regarding the bone loss, there was no statistical difference between the groups and none of the treatments was able to contain it. The scores for the inflammatory infiltrate showed no significant difference between the groups in the study periods. Regarding the general score, which involves intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate, migration of the junctional epithelium integrity of the cement and the alveolar bone crest, there was no significant difference between groups in the periods. At the mRNA expression for the cytokines we saw for TNF-α no significant difference between groups when analyzed separately periods of 14 and 28 days. However, in the 21day period, there was significant reduction in nimesulide group compared to the Arnica 6CH group (∗ p <0.05). For COX-2, there was no significant difference in mRNA expression between the groups, separately analyzing each study period, being sharper reduction of this expression in Arnica 6CH group in all periods; for IL-6, OPG and RANKL no significant difference in mRNA expression between the groups in the study periods. However, it is noted in the Arnica 6CH group a clear tendency to increase of the mRNA expression for OPG over time. Comparing with H2O group action of each medicine on the mRNA expression for all cytokines, considering the set of three periods, we see a significant reduction in mRNA expression for COX-2 and RANKL after treatment with Arnica 6CH (∗ p <0.05). The same can be seen for nimesulide when studying the mRNA expression for RANKL (∗ p <0.05). In the study were highlighted the biological effects of Arnica 6CH about reading and transcription of the DNA, notedly about genes related to bone loss, which envisions the possibility of its therapeutic use.
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Fitoterápico Equisetum giganteum e estomatite protética: estudo da ação antimicrobiana, antiaderente e anti-inflamatória contra Candida albicans, e potencial citotóxico sobre células epiteliais do palato humano / Phytotherapeutic Equisetum giganteum and denture stomatitis: study of antimicrobial, antiadherent and anti-inflammatory action against Candida albicans, and cytotoxic potential in human palatal epithelial cellsAlavarce, Rafaela Alves da Silva 09 May 2014 (has links)
A presença de Candida albicans nos biofilmes microbianos aderidos na superfície interna das próteses removíveis, principalmente totais superiores, está relacionada com uma doença inflamatória no palato, conhecida como estomatite protética (EP). Assim, torna-se fundamental a realização de novos estudos sobre alternativas terapêuticas, direcionados à prótese e não somente à mucosa, que sejam simultaneamente antimicrobianas, anti-inflamatórias, não tóxicas para os tecidos bucais e que produzam menos danos à prótese que os métodos convencionais. Os fitoterápicos podem representar uma destas alternativas. Objetivos: O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a ação fitoterápica do Equisetum giganteum, nas concentrações de 50, 25, 16, 8 e 4 mg/mL, sobre C. albicans e descartar sua ação citotóxica sobre o palato humano bem como sobre monócitos humanos. Material e Métodos: Após coleta, obtenção e identificação de compostos por espectrometria de massas do extrato hidroalcoólico de E. giganteum, sua atividade antimicrobiana foi determinada pela concentração inibitória mínima em meio líquido, contra as cepas clínicas Candida albicans SC 5314 e Escherichia coli O:124, e a cepa padrão Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538. Propriedades antiaderentes do extrato, sobre biofilmes de C. albicans induzidos sobre corpos de prova de resina acrílica, foram determinadas por imunofluorescência (LIVE/DEAD) e pela análise em microscópio de varredura confocal a laser. A atividade anti-inflamatória do fitoterápico foi averiguada através da análise da produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ROS) por monócitos humanos estimulados por C. albicans e LPS, por meio da marcação fluorescente utilizando o reagente Cell Rox Deep Red®. Avaliação de citotoxicidade foi realizada in vitro com células epiteliais de palato humano e monócitos humanos, por meio do ensaio colorimétrico MTT. Os resultados foram expressos como média ± desvio padrão e submetidos aos testes estatísticos Teste de Kruskal-Wallis; ANOVA one-Way; ANOVA two-Way, Teste de Miller; Teste de Tukey e Dunnet; Teste de Fisher, sendo p<0,05 considerado significante. Resultados: O estudo da composição química do extrato EtOH 70% de E. giganteum evidenciou a presença de compostos fenólicos derivados dos ácidos cafeico e ferúlico, heterosídeos de flavonoides derivados de quercetina e kaempferol, além de estirilpironas. A atividade bactericida/fungicida foi comprovada em todas as concentrações testadas do extrato e contra todas as cepas avaliadas. Todas as concentrações do extrato resultaram em redução significativa dos biovolumes de células viáveis em relação a resina não tratada, o que indica interferência do fitoterápico na aderência de C. albicans à resina termopolimerizável. A atividade anti-inflamatória foi determinada pelo retorno da produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio aos níveis basais, pelos monócitos humanos ativados, quando tratados com todas as concentrações do extrato. Houve manutenção da viabilidade celular de monócitos humanos e das células epiteliais de palato humano, após contato com o fitoterápico nos períodos de 1, 12 e 24 horas. Conclusão: Estes resultados sugerem que o fitoterápico E. giganteum possui propriedades: microbicida frente a C. albicans, E. coli e S. aureus, antiaderente para C. albicans sobre a superfície da resina acrílica termopolimerizável e anti-inflamatória sobre monócitos humanos ativados por C. albicans. Além disso, o fitoterápico não comprometeu a viabilidade de monócitos humanos e de células epiteliais de palato humano. / The presence of Candida albicans in the microbial biofilms adhered to the internal surface of the removable denture, mainly the full upper ones, is related to an inflammatory palate disease known as denture stomatitis (DS). Thus, it is essential that new studies are done about therapeutic alternatives directed to the dentures, not only to the buccal mucosa, and which are, at the same time, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, non-poisoning to the buccal tissues and that they produce less harm to the denture than the current methods. The phytotherapeutic (herbal) remedies may represent a good alternative. Objectives: The aim of this paper is to study the phytotherapeutic action of Equisetum giganteum in the concentrations of 50, 25, 16, 8 and 4 mg/mL on C.albicans and discard the cytotoxic action on the human palate, as well as on human monocytes. Material and Methods: After collecting, obtaining and identifying the compounds by means of mass spectrometry of the hydroalcoholic extract of E. giganteum, its antimicrobial activity was determined by the inhibitory minimum concentration in liquid media, against clinic strains of Candida albicans SC 5314 and Escherichia coli O:124, and standard Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 strains. The antiadherent, properties of the extract on biofilms of C. albicans over acrylic resin proof specimens were determined by immunofluorescence test (LIVE/DEAD) and by the analysis in a Confocal Laser Microscope Scanning. The anti-inflammatory activity of the phytotherapeutic (herbal) remedy was assessed through the analysis of the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to human monocytes stimulated by C. albicans and LPS, through fluorescent lighting using the reagent Cell Rox Deep Red®. The evaluation of cytotoxicity was done in vitro with epithelial cells of human palate and human monocytes, through colorimetric MTT assay. The results were expressed in means ± standard deviation and submitted to statistics Kruskal-Wallis Test; ANOVA Two-way, Miller Test; Tukey and Dunnet Test; Fisher Test, where p<0,05 was considered significant. Results: The study of the chemical composition of the extract EtOH 70% of E. giganteum has shown a clear presence of phenolic compounds derived from caffeic and ferulic acids, flavonoid heterosides derived from quercitin and kaempferol, in addition to estirilpirones. Its bactericidal/fungicide activity was proved in all extract concentrations tested and against all evaluated strains. All extract concentrations resulted in significant reduction of bio volumes of viable cells in relation to non-treated resin, which indicates interference of the phytotherapeutic in the adherence of C. albicans to the thermopolymerizable acrylic. The antiinflammatory activity was determined by the production return of reactive oxygen specimens to basal levels, by activated human monocytes, when treated with all extract concentrations. There was cell viability of human monocytes and of human palate epithelial cells, after the contact of with the phytoterapeutic in the periods of 1, 12 and 24 hours. Conclusion: These results suggest that the phytotherapeutic E. giganteum has properties: microbicide in relation to C. albicans, E.coli and S. aureus, antiadherent to C. albicans on thermopolymerizable acrylic and antiinflammatory on human monocytes activated by C. albicans. In addition to this, the phytotherapeutic did not compromise either human monocytes viability or human palate epithelial cells.
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