Orientador: Nelson Filice de Barros / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T16:48:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bonon_MicheleMazzocato_M.pdf: 2404891 bytes, checksum: 88f399a1a097e77f8de59a1bf1ae4f7d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O presente estudo apresenta os resultados de uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre as relações entre a Saúde Mental e as Racionalidades Médicas (RM) /Práticas Integrativas e Complementares (PIC). O levantamento foi realizado em cinco bases de dados eletrônicas, sem restrição da data de publicação dos artigos e considerando combinações de palavras chave. Inicialmente foram analisadas 168 referências (90; 54% de acupuntura; 40; 24% de fitoterapia; 33; 20% de homeopatia; 05; 0% de medicina antroposófica e 0; 0% de termalismo). A predominância das referências de acupuntura motivou o aprofundamento da análise das interações da Medicina Tradicional Chinesa/Acupuntura com a Saúde Mental. Constatou-se que as aplicações da Medicina Tradicional Chinesa na Saúde Mental caracterizam-se pelo uso complementar de diferentes modalidades de acupuntura, em vários contextos, e da sua combinação com outras intervenções de Medicina Alternativa e Complementar. Conclui-se que embora haja constatações positivas provenientes do uso das RM-PIC na Saúde Mental, foi observado que a maior parte dos artigos desconsidera os elementos intrínsecos da RM"MTC" em que a PIC"acupuntura" se origina, assim como a amplitude e complexidade do campo da saúde mental. Tendo em vista que o Brasil engloba a tríade SM-RM-PIC em seu sistema público de saúde e neste contexto a literatura disponível sobre as possibilidades do uso das RM-PIC em Saúde Mental é praticamente inexistente, sugere-se a realização de pesquisas que abordem esse tema, sobretudo no contexto nacional / Abstract: This study presents the results of a systematic review of the literature on the relationship between mental health and Medical Rationalities/ Complementary and Alternative Medicine. The survey was conducted in five electronic databases without restricting the publication of articles and considering combinations of keywords. Were initially analyzed 168 references (90, 54% acupuncture, 40, 24% of phytotherapy, 33, 20% of homeopathy, 05, 0% of anthroposophic and 0, 0% of termal water). The predominance of acupuncture references motivated further analysis of the interactions of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Acupuncture and Mental Health. It was found that applications of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Mental Health are characterized by complementary use of different modes of acupuncture in various contexts, and their combination with other interventions for Complementary and Alternative Medicine. It was concluded that although there positive findings from the use of the RMPIC in Mental Health, it was observed that most of the articles disregards the intrinsic elements of the MR"TCM" that CAM "acupuncture" originates as well as the amplitude and complexity of the field of mental health. Considering that Brazil encompasses the triad MH-MR-CAM in its public health system and in this context the available literature on the possibilities of using the MR-CAM in Mental Health is virtually non-existent, it is suggested to conduct research that address this issue, especially in the national context / Mestrado / Ciências Sociais em Saúde / Mestra em Saúde Coletiva

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:37:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_taiane_rita_carnevali.pdf: 887366 bytes, checksum: 632a655ec8902ce8c4250491e710c930 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-27 / The treatment of gastrointestinal disorders using natural methods such as electroacupuncture and phytotherapy, has been deployed worldwide in human and veterinary medicine. Thus, the work was to determine the action of electroacupuncture and the aqueous and ethanol extracts of Rosmarinus officinalis on gastric motility of rats assessed by radiographic examination, in addition to reporting a case of Situs Inversus Totalis in a Wistar albino rat, diagnosed during the experiment. For evaluation of electroacupuncture on gastric motility, we used 24 Wistar rats, divided into four treatments, T1: electroacupuncture point E36 and BP6; T2: electroacupuncture in falses stitches; T3: sterile distilled water and T4: metoclopramide. Five metallic spheres were administered per animal and performed serial radiographs to monitor the gastric emptying time in the different treatments. By analyzing the time of exit the first spheres, the animals of group T1 ha d an average of 3,5h; in T2 the average was greater than 6h; T3 was 5,3h and the T4 observed average of 4,6h. the action of electroacupuncture was comparable to the action of metoclopramide, which is know to increase peristalsis, whereas the response of the Shan group (T2) was close to the negative control group. In the determination of gastric motility with the use of aqueous and ethanol extracts of R. officinalis, were used 48 albino rats, divided into eight groups, group TE1: ethanolic extract 125mg/kg; group TE2: ethanolic extract 250mg/kg; group TE3: ethanolic extract 500mg/kg; group TA1: aqueous extract 125mg/kg; group TA2: aqueous extract 250mg/kg; group TA3: aqueous extract 125mg/kg; group T4: metoclopramide, and group T5: sterile distilled water. After the treatments were administered five metallic spheres per animal and performed serial radiographs, each hour, to monitor the gastric emptying time. By analyzing the amount of spheres that left the stomach of experimental animals up to 3h, it was observed that there was no difference in treatment, as to the number of spheres removed. Were eliminated 76,6% in TE1, in TE2 60% (n=18), in group TE3 63,3% (n=19), in TA1 (n=14) 46,6%, in group TA2 50% (n=15) and, finally, the group TA3 86,6% (n=26) while in the control groups (T4) was 100% (n=30) and T5 93,3% (n=28). During the study, was diagnosed by radiographic examination, a rare case of Situs Inversus Totalis in albino rat, showing all the organs of the opposite side to its physiological position. Thus, it is concluded that electroacupuncture at points BP6 and E36, showed a significant increase of gastric peristalsis, reducing emptying time. In addition, the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of R. officinalis decrease gastric motility in rats. Suggesting that these may be useful in disorders of motility, however further studies should be conducted in order to better determine this action. The report of Situs Inversus Totalis draws attention to the importance of this type of diagnosis in order to remove the animal from the reproduction, as there are not sufficient studies to determine the reflection of the health condition of animals. / O tratamento das afecções gastrointestinais com o uso de métodos naturais, como a eletroacupuntura e a fitoterapia, vem se destacado mundialmente na medicina humana e animal. Assim, o trabalho teve como objetivos determinar a ação da eletroacupuntura e dos extratos aquoso e etanólico de Rosmarinus officinalis na motilidade gástrica de ratos wistar avaliados através de exame radiográfico, além de relatar um caso de Situs Inversus Totalis em um rato albino wistar, diagnosticado durante o experimento. Para avaliação da eletroacupuntura na motilidade gástrica, foram utilizados 24 ratos wistar, divididos em quatro tratamentos, sendo T1: eletroacupuntura nos pontos BP6 e E36; T2: eletroacupuntura em pontos falsos; T3: água destilada estéril e T4: etoclopramida. Foram administradas cinco esferas metálicas por animal e realizada radiografias seriadas a fim de acompanhar o tempo de esvaziamento gástrico nos diferentes tratamentos. Ao analisar o momento de saída das primeiras esferas, os animais do grupo T1 apresentaram uma média de 3,5h; no T2 a média foi maior que 6h, no T3 foi de 5,3h e no T4 observou-se média de 4,6h. A ação da eletroacupuntura foi comparável à ação da metoclopramida, que sabidamente aumenta o peristaltismo. Enquanto que a resposta do grupo Shan (T2) aproximou-se do grupo controle negativo. Na determinação da motilidade gástrica com uso de extratos aquoso e etanólico de R. officinalis, foram utilizados 48 ratos albinos, divididos em oito grupos, sendo grupo TE1: Extrato Etanólico 125mg/kg; grupo TE2: Extrato Etanólico 250mg/kg; grupo TE3: Extrato Etanólico 500mg/kg; grupo TA1: Extrato Aquoso 125mg/kg; grupo TA2: Extrato Aquoso 250mg/kg; grupo TA3: Extrato Aquoso 500mg/kg; grupo T4: Metoclopramida e grupo T5: Água destilada estéril. Após os tratamentos foram administradas cinco esferas metálicas por animal e realizada radiografias seriadas, de hora em hora, a fim de acompanhar o tempo de esvaziamento gástrico. Ao analisar a quantidade de esferas que saíram do estômago dos animais experimentais em até 3h, observou-se que houve diferença nos tratamentos, quanto ao numero de esferas eliminadas. Foram eliminadas 76,6% no TE1 (n=23), no TE2 60% (n=18), no grupo TE3 63,3% (n=19), no TA1 (n=14) 46,6%, no grupo TA2 50% (n=15) e, por fim, no grupo TA3 86,6% (n=26) enquanto nos grupos controle, (T4) foi de 100% (n=30) e T5 93,3% (n=28). Durante o estudo, diagnosticou-se através de exame radiográfico, um caso de Situs Inversus Totalis em rato albino, demonstrando todos órgãos do lado contrário a sua posição fisiológica. Com isso, conclui-se que a eletroacupuntura nos pontos BP6 e E36, apresentaram aumento significativo do peristaltismo gástrico, diminuindo assim o tempo de esvaziamento. Além disso, os extratos aquoso e etanólico de R. officinalis diminuem a motilidade gástrica em ratos wistar. Sugerindo que estes podem ser uteis nos distúrbios de motilidade, entretanto novos estudos devem ser conduzidos a fim de determinar melhor esta ação. O relato de Situs Inversus Totalis chama a atenção para a importância deste tipo de diagnóstico a fim de retirar o animal da reprodução, já que não existem estudos suficientes para determinar o reflexo da afecção na sanidade dos animais.

Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department od Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Lucie Pohanková Supervisor: RNDr. Eva Novotná, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Selected traditional Chinese medicinal plants containing compounds with carbonyl group Plants are part and parcel of the traditional Chinese herbal medicine. New and modern pharmacological researches have proved that plant's bioactive constituents are the key to prevention and treatment of the wide range of diseases. The chemical constituents and the metabolites of the plant, which originate in a human body, are responsible for their medicinal effects. Recently, many researches have been conducted in order to isolate, determine, and clarify the effects of the plant's bioactive compounds. This diploma thesis deals with the plants used in the traditional Chinese medicine, which are part of the herbal mixture and also the majority of them are available in the Czech Republic. Furthermore, the thesis focuses on the compounds with the functional carbonyl group. The aim of the thesis is to create small database of the compounds, to summarize their biological effects, and their usage not only in the field of medicine. Keywords traditional Chinese medicinal plants, compounds with carbonyl group, phytotherapy

Previous research into complementary and alternative medicine has failed to accord each form of alternative medical intervention individual significance. This research considers medical herbalism in Britain and investigates the re-presentation of its knowledge within a scientific framework as a strategy in a process of professionalisation. Data were gathered from herbalists' own statements that provided the answers to how? and why? this occurred. Whilst it is suggested that much science is heavily influenced by its social and cultural enviromnent, the tenacious portrayal of biomedicine as science is taken as accepted orthodoxy. Dolby's model, whereby unorthodox science assumes the features of orthodox science to become accepted as science, is forwarded as an explanation of how herbal medicine has been re-presented as phytotherapy and therefore 'scientific'. The influences of the sociocultural enviromnent and the sociopolitical enviromnent on herbalism's recognition and acceptance by both the state and conventional medicine are suggested as explanations of why phytotherapy has been promoted by some herbalists. It is noted that such transformative measures have not radically affected the professional practice of medical herbalists, nor are they universally welcomed. The anomaly between institutional education of herbalism in terms of phytotherapy and the continuing practice of herbalism as a 'tradition' is noted. The relative identities of practitioners - with a cultural identity - and herbal institutions - with a social identity - is suggested as the explanation for the discontinuity between institutional knowledge and actual practice. It is also argued that medical herbalists have an element of altruism in their practice that is noteworthy beyond an assumed professional service orientation. Herbalists' differences of view regarding the acceptability of promoting phytotherapy as a route to recognition and acceptance appear to be subordinated by fears and anxieties about possible future govermnent legislation and EU harmonisation regulations.

M.Tech. (Homoeopathy) / Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) are interventions that are used in place of or alongside conventional medication; it has been described as “complementing mainstream medicine by contributing to the common whole” (Ernst, 2000). The use of CAM is on the increase worldwide, with a prevalence of 30% to 50% recorded in industrialized countries in 1998 (Astin et al., 1998). People are increasingly consulting CAM practitioners and are also doing their own research on CAM products as well as self-medicating by purchasing products that are freely available from health shops and pharmacies. Trends seem to emerge in the type of people who seek out these modalities and people who do use CAM modalities seem to have favourable results. This study was formulated to give insight into the perceptions of CAM users in Cape Town regarding CAM use. The information obtained can be used to get a better understanding about CAM users themselves and their attitudes toward CAM in order for better education of the public on CAM and marketing of CAM professions in the future. Worldwide studies have been done on the prevalence of CAM use, and in South Africa, only one done so far in Chatsworth (Durban)(Singh et al., 2004). In South Africa, the Allied Health Professions Council (AHPCSA) registers and regulates 11 CAM professions, namely Homeopathy, Ayurveda, Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chiropractic, Naturopathy, Osteopathy, Phytotherapy, Therapeutic Aromatherapy, Therapeutic Massage, Therapeutic Reflexology and Unani-Tibb. Even though the practitioners are regulated, some CAM products are freely available in retail outlets. The aim of this study is to determine the attitudes towards Complementary and Alternative Medicine by users in Cape Town, evaluated by means of a survey. This study was conducted by means of a survey; 200 questionnaires were distributed to 10 different health shops in Cape Town. Participants completed the questionnaires privately on the premises and handed them to the staff at the health shops.Completed questionnaires were placed in sealed envelopes and collected by the researcher on completion of the study. Out of the 200 questionnaires that were distributed, 183 were completed and results were analyzed by STATKON.

Magister Scientiae - MSc / This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of medicinal hemp plant extracts to determine the antibacterial effects of indigenous Sansevieria species and exotic Cannabis sativa phytotherapy varieties. This study also assessed whether aqueous o / South Africa

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / The reproductive health of individuals is severely compromised by HIV infection, with candidiasis being the most prevalent oral complication in patients. Although not usually associated with severe morbidity, oropharyngeal candidiasis can be clinically significant, as it can interfere with the administration of medications and adequate nutritional intake, and may spread to the esophagus. Azole antifungal agents are commonly prescribed for the treatment and prophylaxis of candidal infections. However, the emergence of drug resistant strains and dose limiting toxic effects have complicated the treatment of candidiasis. Consequently, safe and effective and affordable medicine is required to combat this fungus. Commercial garlic (Allium sativum) has been used time since immemorial as a natural antibiotic, however very little is known about the antifungal properties of two indigenous South African species of garlic, namely Tulbaghia alliacea and Tulbaghia violacea, that are used as folk medicines for a variety of infections. This study compares the in vitro anti-candidal activity of Tulbaghia alliacea, Tulbaghia violacea and Allium sativum extracts. It was found that the greatest concentrations of inhibitory components were extracted by chloroform or water. The IC50 concentrations of Tulbaghia alliacea were between 0.007 - 0.038% (w/v). Assays using S. cerevisiae revealed that the T. alliacea extract was fungicidal, with a killing half-life of approximately 2 hours. This inhibitory effect of the T. alliacea extracts was observed via TLC, and may be due to an active compound called Marasmicin, that was identified using NMR. This investigation confirms that extracts of T.alliacea exhibit anti-infective activity against candida species in vitro. / South Africa

General Abstract There has been a steady increase in the use of medicinal plants in the last two decades in both developed and developing countries for prevention, management and treatment of diseases. This increase has been due to reasons such as ease of access, better cultural acceptability and compatibility, cost effectiveness and also the bid to “go natural”. Unfortunately, the notion that herbal medicines are relatively safe because they are natural has led to serious and potentially fatal consequences in phytotherapy. The lack of rigorous research to prove the effectiveness and safety of many medicinal plants is of great concern to the health care system. This thesis therefore addresses not just the efficacy, but also the safety of the extracts of the berry of Solanum aculeastrum - a medicinal plant used, among other things, for the treatment of breast cancer in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Particular attention was paid to the possible effect of different processing methods of the berry extracts on inflammation, cytotoxicity, and toxicity. In studying the comparative effects of various processing methods, four different preparations of the extracts were investigated. These include fresh, dried, boiled fresh, and boiled dried berries. While the effect of processing on the anti-inflammatory properties of the extracts was not dose dependent, the percentage reduction in inflammation was highly significant and more prominent in both concentrations of the boiled fresh berries than the reference drug, indomethacin. Furthermore, the four extracts varied in their ability to act either centrally or peripherally in their effect on pain. Assessment of the analgesic response using the formalin test showed that, at both concentrations tested, none of the extracts inhibited the first phase of the formalin test. Furthermore, it was observed that boiling had differing results on the activity of the iii fresh and dried extracts. While boiling of the dried berries reduced pain in the rats, the opposite trend was observed with the boiled fresh berries. Results of the influence of processing of the berries on cytotoxicity indicated that the extracts are potent inhibitors of human breast, cervical and colonic carcinoma cells and the non-cancerous cells (both the actively dividing and confluent Chang liver cells). Although, in terms of relative potency, the fresh berries appeared to be the most active of the extracts, processing of the berries caused an increase in apoptotic cells and a subsequent decrease in the necrotic cells. The effect of processing on the safety of the berry of S. aculeastrum on the rats fed for 28 days was also investigated. The various doses (1, 10 and 25 mg/kg body weight) of all the four extracts did not alter the activity and the weight of the animals throughout the period of treatment. A reduction in organ to body weight ratio of the heart, kidney, liver and spleen was observed in all the extracts. Regarding the haematological parameters, different patterns of effect were observed between the extracts and within the treated doses. The observed alterations in the biochemical parameters by the various extract of Solanum aculeastrum berries at all the doses may have consequential effects on the normal functioning of these organs. In conclusion, this study has shown that there is some justification for the traditional use of the berries of Solanum aculeastrum in the treatment of inflammation related ailments and cancer. However, the medicinal use of the plant also poses considerable health risks. Investigation conducted into the plant’s safety revealed that the berry extracts were nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, haematotoxic and at higher doses, fatal. Another concern with regard to the plant’s safety is the non-selectivity of its extracts in the inhibition of carcinoma, actively dividing and un-dividing cells. Assessment of the effect of the processing on the berry’s efficacy and safety as herbal iv remedy produced mixed results. On the one hand, processing seemed to improve the extract’s anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity, while reducing its cytotoxic potential. On the other hand, a reduction in the toxicity was observed on the processed extracts compared to the fresh ones. This may be an indication that processing has an overall beneficial effect on the medicinal properties of the plant and should thus be considered as a method of making the berries of Solanum aculeastrum safer for use as a herbal remedy.

Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacognosy Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Lenka Tůmová, CSc. Student: Vendula Rapiová Title of Thesis: Natural substances with toxic and allergic activity Keywords: medicinal plant, allergy, side effects, toxicity The connection between herbs and mankind dates to early ages and without discussion herbal remedies were the first one to put in use. We observe significant increase of herbal remedies used in paediatric patients in last decades. The goal of this work was set to examine available information about herbal safety. The list of herbs that are dangerous or inappropriate to use in children age was made. The herbs were grouped into simple classification system of herbal safety. In addition to chapters describing herbal safety the work contains knowledge about their general use in paediatrics phytotherapy, the pros and cons of their use. To gather the data of web research and scientific literature were employed. The analysed data were published between 1968-2017 and were collected using PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar. The rate of herbal safety is classified into five specific groups - A, B, C, S and X. The analysis of results shows that the biggest group with the most represented samples in class was the class C with...

M.Tech. (Homoeopathy) / Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) describes a group of natural healthcare interventions that may be employed in conjunction with (Complementary) or instead of (Alternative) conventional medical treatments (Barnes and Bloom, 2008).The prevalence of CAM use in industrialised countries has shown a significant increase in recent decades, amongst consumers and professionals alike, and is being utilised by up to 50% of adults in developed communities (Astin et al., 1998). The general public are starting to take their health and well-being into their own hands by investing in CAM products and consulting with various CAM practitioners. This study is designed to gain valuable insight into the subjective experience of typical CAM users in Johannesburg. Such information may raise awareness within the current CAM climate and may be of value in formulating future marketing and educational strategies for the various CAM professions. Several global surveys have been done to determine patterns and prevalence of CAM use. In South Africa, such studies have been conducted in Cape Town (Du Plessis and Pellow, 2013) and in Durban (Singh et al., 2004). The Allied Health Professions Council of South Africa (AHPCSA) is the regulatory body of CAM in South Africa. It currently regulates and registers 11 CAM professions, namely Homoeopathy, Chiropractic, Ayurveda, Traditional Chinese Medicine, Unani-Tibb, Osteopathy, Naturopathy, Phytotherapy, Therapeutic Aromatherapy, Therapeutic Massage and Therapeutic Reflexology. Most CAM products are freely available in various retail outlets. The aim of this study is to determine the attitudes and perceptions of Complementary and Alternative Medicine users in Johannesburg health shops. This will be evaluated by means of a questionnaire survey.