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Religious poem and how to live.

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2017-07-17T14:24:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1497212 bytes, checksum: d5d2c8fedaa2465aacbdbf84d14e16ed (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-17T14:24:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1497212 bytes, checksum: d5d2c8fedaa2465aacbdbf84d14e16ed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-06 / The number of religious intolerance denouncements has recently increased, especially those against African-Brazilian religions. Would be this kind of prejudice related to Brazilian racial prejudice? Justified discrimination theory alleges that the legitimating myth to disguise racial prejudice, on this case, would be the demonization of AfricanBrazilian religious beliefs. Under this theory it was investigated the degree of relationship between African-Brazilian religions discrimination, racial prejudice, prosperity theology, kind and strength of religion, and right-wing authoritarianism as well as which of these factors mediates the relation of religion/religiosity and discrimination. To accomplish this, two studies were done (college students, N = 300; devotees of different kinds of Christianism, N = 519) using a specific scale to measure each construct. The AfricanBrazilian religions discrimination scale was well-succeed (α = 0,84) as well as the religion/religiosity one (α = 0,94). Neopentecostals and Protestants discriminate more African-Brazilian religions. Catholics, atheists and non-religious are more tolerant. It was concluded that neither racism, nor prosperity theology, but right-wing authoritarianism construct is the mediator between religion/religiosity and religious discrimination (Z of Sobel = 7,95; p = 0,001 e 8,24; p = 0,01 in each study, respectively). It is the first study of this kind in Brazil, and a surprising result that demands prudency on its interpretation. / Atualmente cresceu o número de denúncias de intolerância religiosa, especialmente contra as religiões de matriz africana. Haveria relação entre este preconceito religioso e o preconceito racial brasileiro? A Teoria da Discriminação Justificada alega que o mito legitimador do disfarce do preconceito racial seria, neste caso, a diabolização das crenças religiosas afro-brasileiras. Com este marco teórico, investigou-se em que medida a discriminação contra as religiões de matriz africana, o preconceito racial, a teologia da prosperidade, o tipo de religião e grau de religiosidade, e o autoritarismo de direita estão relacionados e quais destes fatores medeiam a relação entre religião/religiosidade e discriminação. Para isto, realizaram-se dois estudos (estudantes universitários, N = 300 e fiéis de diversos cristianismos, N = 519, respectivamente) onde se utilizou uma escala para cada construto. A escala de discriminação contra religiões afro-brasileiras mostrouse satisfatória (α = 0,84) assim como a de religião/religiosidade (α = 0,94). Os neopentecostais e protestantes discriminaram mais as religiões afro-brasileiras. O grau de religiosidade também predisse diretamente este preconceito. Católicos, ateus e semreligião mostraram-se os mais tolerantes. Concluiu-se que nem o racismo, nem a teologia da prosperidade como defendido por vários estudiosos, mas o autoritarismo de direita é o construto que medeia a relação entre o tipo de religião/religiosidade e a discriminação contra religiões afro-brasileiras (Z de Sobel = 7,95; p = 0,001 e 8,24; p = 0,01, em cada estudo, respectivamente). É o primeiro estudo do tipo no Brasil, e um resultado surpreendente que pede cautela na sua interpretação. / Actualmente se incrementó el número de quejas de intolerancia religiosa, especialmente contra las religiones de origen africano. Hay relación entre este prejuicio religioso y el prejuicio racial de Brasil? La Teoría de la Discriminación Justificada plantea que el mito legitimador del disfraz de los prejuicios raciales sería, en este caso, la demonización de las creencias religiosas afro-brasileñas. Con este marco teórico, se investigó el grado en que la discriminación contra las religiones de origen africano, los prejuicios raciales, la teología de la prosperidad, el tipo de la religión y el grado de religiosidad, y el autoritarismo de derecha están relacionados y cuáles de estos factores son mediadores de la relación entre la religión / religiosidad y la discriminación. Para esto, hubo dos estudios (estudiantes universitarios, N = 300 y fiel de varios cristianismos, n = 519, respectivamente) donde se utilizó una escala para cada constructo. La escala de discriminación contra las religiones afro-brasileña fue satisfactoria (α = 0,84), así como la de religión / religiosidad (α = 0,94). Los neo-pentecostales y protestantes discriminaron más las religiones afro-brasileñas. El grado de religiosidad también predijo directamente este prejuicio. Católicos, ateos y los no religiosos resultaron ser los más tolerantes. Se concluyó que ni el racismo ni la teología de la prosperidad, como defendido por muchos estudiosos, pero el autoritarismo de derecha es el constructo que media la relación entre el tipo de religión / religiosidad y la discriminación contra las religiones afro-brasileñas (Z Sobel = 7,95; p = 0,001 a 8,24; p = 0,01 en cada estudio, respectivamente). Es el primer estudio de su tipo en Brasil, y un resultado sorprendente que pide prudencia en su interpretación.

Master’s thesis is dedicated to the Jewish religious community of Yekaterinburg - Sverdlovsk. The main purpose of the work was to reconstruct the history of the Yekaterinburg’s Jewish religious community formation, its structures, composition and forms of activity during 1843–1961. Sources for the work: documents stored in the funds of the State Archive of the Sverdlovsk Region (GASO), the Documentation Center of Public Organizations of the Sverdlovsk Region (CDOOSO), the Central Archive of the History of the Jewish People in Jerusalem (CAHJP); statistical materials of aggregated and nominative sources; field studies, etc. Also, the research was based on the Yekaterinburg’s “metrik books” which were transcribed into digital database “Ural Population Project”. As a result of the research, three stages were identified in the history of the formation and functioning of a religious community. All main institutions of Judaism existed in the landscape of the city: synagogues, prayer houses, mikvas, cemeteries, kosher dining rooms and rooms for shkhits, etc. In the 1880s, the rabbinate system was formed. During the period under review, six rabbis became spiritual leaders of the community. Until the 1960s, the Jews conducted all the rituals of the life cycle in Yekaterinburg-Sverdlovsk: religious weddings, circumcisions, and funerals. / Магистерская работа посвящена еврейской религиозной общине г. Екатеринбурга – Свердловска. Основной целью работы была реконструкция истории формирования религиозной еврейской общины Екатеринбурга, ее структур, состава и форм деятельности на протяжении 1843–1961 гг. Источниками для работы стали: делопроизводственная документация, хранящаяся в фондах Государственного архива Свердловской области (ГАСО), Центра документации общественных организаций Свердловской области (ЦДООСО), Центрального архива истории еврейского народа в Иерусалиме (ЦАИЕН); статистические материалы как агрегированных, так и номинативных источников; полевые исследования, и.т.д. В работе активно использовалась электронная база данных «Регистр населения Урала» созданная по материалам метрических книг Екатеринбурга. В результате проведенных исследований были выявлены три этапа в истории формирования и функционирования религиозной общины, качественно отличающихся друг от друга. В ландшафте города существовали все основные институты иудаизма: синагоги, молельные дома, миквы, кладбища, кошерная столовая и помещения для шхиты и .т.д. В 1880-х годах сложилась система раввината. На протяжении рассмотренного периода духовными лидерами общины становились шесть раввинов прибывших с запада. До 1960-х годов в Екатеринбурге– Свердловске иудеями проводились все обряды жизненного цикла: религиозные свадьбы, обрезания и похороны. Однако к концу существования религиозной общины практически единственными открыто проводимыми обрядами оставались похороны.

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Division of Nephrology Department of Internal Medicine School of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences University of Witwatersrand 7th June, 2017 / Objective Renal transplantation is the ideal therapeutic option for patients that reach end-stage renal failure. However, patients require long term immunosuppression following surgical transplantation to prevent graft rejection [1,2,4]. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) had proven to be an effective immunosuppressant in transplant patients[8,9,10], although it is associated with an increase in gastrointestinal adverse effects, which may result in dose adjustment or termination of use [22]. There is a paucity of data regarding gastrointestinal side effects of MMF in South Africa. This study attempts to describe the incidence of gastrointestinal complications, incidence of dose adjustment and discontinuation of MMF due to side effects, to compare the incidence of GI complications between those that had prior gastrointestinal ailments and those that had no prior gastrointestinal ailments and finally to determine possible risk factors (age, gender, ethnicity, donor type, pre-transplant GI diagnosis, pre-transplant diabetes and combination of MMF with tacrolimus) of gastrointestinal adverse effects. Method Data was collected retrospectively from the file records of the renal transplant unit at CMJAH (Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital) on adult patients who had received kidney transplants between 1998 and 2010 and who had received MMF as part of the immunosuppressive regimen for at least the one year post-transplant. Relevant data was captured in an anonymous fashion on a collection sheet. Descriptive analysis of the data was carried out. Time-to-event data were analysed by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. The assessment of the effect of prior gastrointestinal ailments, as well as risk factors, was carried out by Cox Proportional Hazards regression to estimate the Hazard Ratios. Results A total of 188 patients were included in the study group, which comprised 65.4% males and 32.4% females (2.1% missing data). The mean age at transplant was 38.1 years. The patients were predominantly black (69.1%). Donors were predominantly deceased donors. Of the 24.5% of donors who were living donors, 76.1% were related living donors, while the rest were non-related living donors. The majority of patients (82%) were induced with MMF dose of 2 grams per day. After 5 years, 13.8% of patients discontinued MMF while 86.2% of the patients were still on MMF. 48.1% had a dose adjustment due to gastrointestinal side effects. 61% of patients had had a diarrhoeal adverse event by 5 years. 21.8% of the patients had gastrointestinal side effects other than diarrhoea by 5 years. The combination of tacrolimus and MMF was found to be a significant risk factor for diarrhoeal adverse events (Hazard Ratio 1.82; 95% CI 1.21-2.73). Having a living donor graft reduced the chance of non-diarrhoeal gastrointestinal adverse event (Hazard Ratio 0.33; 95% CI 0.13-0.84, p<0.02). A trend towards significance was seen in living donors having less diarrhoeal events although it did not reach statistical significance (Hazard Ratio 1.32; 95% CI 0.87-2.00, p=0.20). Conclusion As far as the authors are aware, this is the first local study on MMF and GIT adverse effect. We found the combination of MMF and tacrolimus is associated with increased risk of having diarrhoeal adverse events, which is consistent with international data[34,35]. Living donor graft is associated with a lower risk of developing non-diarrhoeal gastrointestinal events. Although non-significant, data suggest the same trend favoring living donor graft with regards to diarrhoeal events. / MT2017

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master or Medicine in the branch of Paediatrics Johannesburg, 2015 / Malnutrition and diarrhoea are major causes of childhood morbidity and mortality in the developing world. Lactose malabsorption has been associated with diarrhoea in malnourished children, but they are often managed with lactose containing feeds. This study quantified the prevalence of lactose malabsorption in children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) and diarrhoea admitted to an urban South African hospital. Sixty-three Children with SAM and diarrhoea were included in the study and had their stool tested for reducing substances using the Benedict’s test. Fifty-nine percent had stool positive for reducing substances (≥0.5g%). After multivariate analysis, age of <12 months was the only factor found to significantly predict positive reducing substances (LR 4, p=0.046). Death was 4 times more likely in children with positive reducing substances (p=0.035). The role of lactose free feeds in children with SAM and diarrhoea has not been adequately explored.

Lactose intolerance is a common and inconvenient medical condition and can cause severe discomfort. People who experience lactose intolerance often take lactase enzyme supplements when they wish to consume dairy products. As a consequence, they normally consume dairy products that are rendered lactose free or else a lactase enzyme supplement is taken concurrently. Normally, these are pills or tablets that dissolve and release the enzyme in the stomach. However, the enzyme may be denatured in the low pH conditions of stomach. Hence, a higher dose is required to ensure that an effective concentration can survive and pass into the small intestine - the site of the enzyme ' s physiological action. This problem is being addressed by microencapsulation methods : surrounding the enzyme with protective materials in the form of small particles. These protect the enzyme in the stomach and allow release in the small intestine. The goal of this research was to investigate an appropriate microencapsulation method for this purpose. An oil - in - oil solvent evaporation method was used to produce microparticles containing BSA protein with a EUDRAGIT S 100 - methacrylic acid and methyl methacrylate copolymer. BSA was used as a cost - effective surrogate for lactase during the research. Sonification was employed during the emulsification step. The microparticles produced at different sonication amplitudes or power outputs were uniform with similar morphologies, typically spheres. Microparticle size decreased with sonicator energy output from 120 µ m to 12 µ m as the amplitude changed from 40 % to 70 %. The encapsulation efficiency at amplitude levels of 50 %, 60 % and 70 % was between 70 % and 80 %. However, the encapsulation efficiency recorded at the 40 % setting was much lower, around 40 %. The release profiles of those microparticles were studied at different pH. There was a slight leakage from the microparticles at low pH. Above pH 7, total release was achieved within 2 hours. The results of this research confirm that the microparticles could encapsulate lactase as part of a treatment of lactose intolerance. / Thesis (M.App.Sc.)--School of Chemical Engineering, 2005.

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