The present study evaluated the behavioural factors associated with overweight among adolescent girls. Behaviours evaluated included social aspects of eating, breakfast skipping, emotional eating, and binge and restraint eating. With increasing prevalence of obesity among youth, more research is required to look at the psychosocial aspects of eating to find effective interventions to promote optimal eating behaviours. Binge eating and infrequent eating of family meals was found to be positively associated with daughters' adiposity and mothers' glucose intolerance during pregnancy. The thesis was novel in that it suggested that behavioural factors contribute to the trans-generational effects of pregnancies affected by glucose intolerance and provided a broader perspective important for formulating intervention strategies aimed at high-risk women and their offspring. / L'étude en question a évalué les facteurs comportementaux associés à la prise de poids chez les jeunes adolescentes. Les comportements incluent tous les aspects sociaux liés à l'alimentation tels que sauter le petit déjeuner, manger par besoin affectif, se goinfrer et se priver volontairement. Avec l'augmentation importante de l'obésité parmi les jeunes, une étude plus approfondie devra se concentrer sur les aspects psychologiques liés à l'alimentation afin d'obtenir des interventions adéquates pour apprendre aux jeunes à bien s'alimenter. On a trouvé que le fait de se goinfrer et le fait de manger avec la famille était associé de façon importante à l'adiposité chez les adolescentes et à l'intolérance de glucose de la mère durant la grossesse. L'idée de cette thèse est révolutionnaire car elle suggère que les facteurs comportementaux contribuent aux effets de la grossesse affecté par l'intolérance de glucose. Cette thèse nous donne une perspective plus large afin d'atteindre des stratégies d'interventions plus effectives auprès des femmes à haut risque ainsi que de leur progéniture.

Submitted by Aelson Maciera (aelsoncm@terra.com.br) on 2017-08-09T16:02:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseDCSV.pdf: 23815683 bytes, checksum: 5b378bacc8c69ae8a84d70d36e21cfe0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-09T17:34:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseDCSV.pdf: 23815683 bytes, checksum: 5b378bacc8c69ae8a84d70d36e21cfe0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-09T17:34:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseDCSV.pdf: 23815683 bytes, checksum: 5b378bacc8c69ae8a84d70d36e21cfe0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-09T17:40:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseDCSV.pdf: 23815683 bytes, checksum: 5b378bacc8c69ae8a84d70d36e21cfe0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-20 / Não recebi financiamento / Taking into consideration that speaking differently does not mean speaking “wrongly”, and that, many times, the linguistic heterogeneity is not acknowledge by the school and/or Portuguese language teachers, this work aims at contributing to the development of studies linked to the linguistic variables. The most common practices have been the prejudice and the intolerance in relation to the popular speaking forms, which are stigmatized and excluded as wrong forms. Although, in the last decade, the educational legislation has been making the guidelines that exclude the popular discourse form less rigid, we can see resistance to this idea, which is not only reinforced, but also embraced by the general press and by the means of communication. This work discusses the needs for adopting a political posturs in relation to this subject, which acknowledges that the point cannot be simplified to the adoption of a correct and true speaking form, whose arguments, in fact are in service of the maintenance of an authoritarian order, based on privileges and that excludes all those who do not practice the standardized form of the Portuguese language. Thus, the proposed aim for this work, as a result of bibliographical and documented research, is a linguistic reflection concerning the relation between: discourse, identity and alterity, as well as an analysis of the mediatic speeches produced since 2001 up to current times referring to the thematic, seeing these speeches as power and knowledge devices. The linguistic stigmatization remains as an impregnable beacon of inequality and finds support among the professors and students of Language, Linguistic and Pedagogy who intend to stablish a sort of monopoly over the national linguistic forms and manifestations. On the other hand, many researchers in the linguistic field have dedicated their research to the valorization of the popular speaking forms. Through a bibliographical study, the theoretical conceptions of the research are presented inside the functionalist and sociolinguistic perspective, basically aiming the communicative competence, a theory shown in: Bakhtin (1979 and 1992), Labov (2008), Neves (1990, 1997, 2003, 2006 and 2010), Bagno (2003, 2009, 2010 and 2011), Leite (2005 and 2008), Possenti (2005 and 2012), Gnerre (2009); Bortoni-Ricardo (2004 and 2005) among others; in addition to the scholars linked to the Human Sciences who deals with the study of the discourse as language is a social behavior and manifestation of the fight for power– Foucault (1995, 1996, 1999 and 2009), of Philosophy and Bourdieu (1975, 1989, 1998, 2001 e 2008), of Sociology and Habermas (1987). This way, the analysis focus in the real usages of the language and pursues the explanation of these processes activated in various textual genres (journalistic, political debates, cartoons, charges, paintings and pictures) to exemplify the analysis and the theoretical apparatus as well. Concerning the teaching of the Portuguese language, speeches and documents related to the new forms to teach grammar are not enough if these are not incorporated to the pedagogical practice. The grammar teaching should be brought close to the reality of the usage and dynamism of the Portuguese language; however, we cannot forget that the norms in the grammar compendium have a space, which, necessarily, should be respected and taught. Furthermore, when we praise the standard practice of the language and raise the view of “right” and “wrong”, without considering the other forms of the language, the mediatic speeches help to spread the linguistic prejudice. The prejudiced metadiscourse also report other prejudices of social, racial, political, religious order among others and the teachers and school administrators need to know how to acknowledge them within the school scope in order to, on one side, act in a critical and conscious way in the face of the occurrences of these phenomena and to, on the other side, help to avoid its manifestation. Such attitude is part of the whole development of citizenship, because it is also an indicative of respecting the differences of the other. / Considerando-se que falar diferente não é falar “errado” e que, muitas vezes, a heterogeneidade linguística não é reconhecida pela escola e/ou pelos professores de Língua Portuguesa, elaborase este trabalho a fim de contribuir com o desenvolvimento de estudos ligados à variabilidade linguística. As práticas mais comuns têm sido o preconceito e a intolerância em relação às formas de falar populares, que são estigmatizadas e excluídas como errôneas. Embora a legislação educacional tenha, na última década, flexibilizado as diretrizes que excluiriam as formas populares de linguagem, permanece a resistência a essa postura, que é não apenas reforçada, como também exaltada pela imprensa em geral e pelos meios de comunicação. Neste trabalho, discute-se a necessidade da adoção de uma postura política em relação a esse tema, que reconheça que a questão não pode ser reduzida à adoção de uma forma correta e verdadeira de se falar, cujos argumentos, na verdade, estão a serviço da manutenção de uma ordem autoritária, fundada em privilégios e que exclui todos aqueles que não praticam a forma normatizada da Língua Portuguesa. Dessa maneira, o objetivo que se propõe para este trabalho, como resultado de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, é uma reflexão linguística a respeito do modo como os estudos da língua em uso podem contribuir para o ensino de língua materna e para o equacionamento de questões relativas à política linguística no Brasil, assim como uma análise dos discursos midiáticos impressos produzidos desde 2001 até meados de dezembro de 2016 referentes à temática, compreendendo esses discursos como dispositivos de poder e saber. A estigmatização linguística permanece como bastião inexpugnável da desigualdade e ainda encontra apoio entre docentes e estudantes dos cursos de Letras, Linguística e Pedagogia que pretendem estabelecer uma espécie de monopólio sobre as formas e manifestações linguísticas nacionais. Por outro lado, não são poucos os pesquisadores do campo linguístico que têm dedicado suas pesquisas à valorização das formas populares de fala e escrita. Por meio de estudo de natureza bibliográfica, apresentam-se as concepções teóricas da pesquisa sob a perspectiva funcionalista e sociolinguistas, tendo em vista, basicamente, a competência comunicativa, teoria exposta por Bakhtin (1979 e 1992), Labov (2008), Neves (1990, 1997, 2003, 2006 e 2010), Bagno (2003, 2009, 2010 e 2011), Leite (2005 e 2008), Possenti (2005 e 2012), Gnerre (2009); Bortoni-Ricardo (2004 e 2005), entre outros. Além dos estudiosos ligados às Ciências Humanas que tratam do estudo da linguagem considerando-a um comportamento social e manifestação de luta pelo poder – Foucault (1995, 1996, 1999 e 2009), da Filosofia e Bourdieu (1975, 1989, 1998, 2001 e 2008), da Sociologia e Habermas (1987) especialmente através de suas teorias do agir comunicativo. Dessa maneira, a análise centra-se nos usos reais da língua e busca a explicitação desses processos acionados em diversos gêneros textuais (jornalístico, debates políticos, histórias em quadrinho, charges, quadros e ilustrações) a fim de exemplificar a análise e também o aparato teórico. No que tange ao ensino da Língua Portuguesa, não bastam discursos e documentos relativos às novas formas de ministrar gramáticas se estes não forem incorporados ao fazer pedagógico. O ensino gramatical deve se aproximar da realidade do uso e dinamismo da Língua Portuguesa, sem que, no entanto, esqueça-se de que as normas contidas no compêndio gramatical ocupam um espaço que, necessariamente, deve ser respeitado e ensinado. Ademais, ao exaltar a norma culta e suscitar a visão de “certo” e “errado”, sem considerar as outras formas de uso da língua, os discursos midiáticos ajudam a propagar o preconceito linguístico. A metalinguagem preconceituosa também denuncia outros preconceitos de ordem social, racial, política, religiosa entre outros e os educadores e gestores escolares precisam saber reconhecê-los no âmbito escolar para, de um lado, atuar de maneira crítica e consciente diante de ocorrências desses fenômenos e, de outro, para ajudar a evitar sua manifestação. Tal atitude faz parte da formação integral do cidadão, pois é, também, indicativo de respeito às diferenças do outro.

宗教自由權在西方社會是熱門人權議題，在台灣卻是冷門人權。難道研究者只能從文化脈絡的因素來解釋這種現象嗎？本文嘗試用新制度主義來研究台灣的宗教自由權，亦即討論正式制度與非正式制度之間的互動關係。本文從憲法學、違憲審查制度與司法文化三個面向，來檢視我國四個與宗教自由權相關的大法官會議解釋文與三十三個最高法院的民刑事判決。經過分析後發現，我國的宗教自由權案例大多屬於美國憲法分類上的自由行使條款，只有少數案例屬於禁止設置條款。除此之外，團體的宗教自由權案例也比個人宗教自由權的案例來的多。本文建議應該讓一般法院的法官也能夠擁有完全的違憲審查權，並且強化法學教育中對於人權保障思維的訓練。如此一來，才能讓法官與一般人民逐漸認識到保障宗教自由權的重要性。

No description available.

No description available.

UNIVERZITA KARLOVA Husitská teologická fakulta Náboženská výchova v rodině (Srovnání římští katolíci a svědkové Jehovovi) Magisterská práce Vedoucí práce: Prof. PhDr. et RNDr. Marie Vágnerová Autor: Mgr. Jan Všetečka Praha 2011 4 Prohlášení Prohlašuji, že jsem magisterskou práci na téma "Náboženská výchova v rodině" zpracoval samostatně a využil pouze uvedené podklady a literaturu. Současně dávám svolení k tomu, aby tato diplomová práce byla umístěna v Ústřední knihovně UK a používána ke studijním účelům. Praha 30. 3. 2011 Jan Všetečka 5 Poděkování Děkuji své matce za trpělivost a pomoc s dětmi v době, kdy jsem se věnoval této práci. 6 Klíčová slova Římští katolíci, svědkové Jehovovi, většinová populace, výchova dětí v rodině, porovnání s přihlédnutím k vývoji dítěte Keywords Roman Catholics, Jehovah's Witnesses, majority population, education of children in the family, comparison with regard to child development 7 Resumé Tato práce se snaží čtenáři přiblížit a porovnat způsob výchovy v rodinách římských katolíků a svědků Jehovových. Zaměřuje se v první řadě na prozkoumání informací o výchově, které obě společenství nabízejí jako pomoc svým členům při výchově jejich dětí. Obě skupiny zkoumá v přístupu k výchově dětí podle jejich vývoje od prenatálního období, kdy se rodiče připravují na narození potomka, až...

Ryšiai su visuomene tampa neatsiejama verslo organizacijų dalimi, tačiau ne pelno organizacijoms, kartu ir religinėms, taip pat būtina juos taikyti savo veikloje. Lietuvoje kokybiški ryšiai su visuomene dar neturi gilių tradicijų, ypač paslaugų ir nevyriausybinių organizatorių sektoriuose. Lietuvos Katalikų Bažnyčia sekuliarėjančioje visuomenėje sunkiai atranda ryšį su visuomene. Kokybiška komunikacija yra vienas iš būdų, galinčių išspręsti šią problemą. Pasaulinė Katalikų Bažnyčia jau prieš kelis dešimtmečius suprato komunikacijos svarbą ir ėmėsi formuoti ryšių su visuomene politiką. Tam išleisti keli svarbūs, formuojamos ryšių su visuomene institucijos. Lietuvos Katalikų Bažnyčia dar tik pradeda kuruoti šią sritį, todėl apie aukštus pasiekimus dar anksti kalbėti. Darbe išanalizuotos pagrindines Lietuvos Katalikų Bažnyčios komunikacines veiklas. Analizės rezultatai parodė, kad Lietuvos Katalikų Bažnyčia ryšius su visuomene vykdo dviejuose lygmenyse – nacionaliniame ir parapijos. Tačiau nė vienas iš jų dar nėra deramai kuruojamas. Didžiausia problema yra tai, kad vis dar nesuformuotas nacionalinis pastoracinis komunikacijos planas, todėl ši veikla vykdoma padrikai ir nenuosekliai. Norėdama tapti paveikia šiandieninės visuomenės dalimi Lietuvos Katalikų Bažnyčia turi reorganizuoti dabartines intencijas ir sutelkti dėmesį į jų novatoriškumą ir efektyvumą. / Although communication is a method, which is most widely used by business organizations, public, political and even religious organizations apply it as well. Lithuania still feels the lack of public relations knowledge, especially in service companies or organizations not connected with profit-making. The Catholic Church of Lithuania encounters quite a lot of problems, which might be solved applying the knowledge of communication and public relations. Although Roman Catholic Church has already formed basics of communication policy by announcing several decrees concerning this field, it is still estimated too insufficiently in Lithuania. Therefore, the Catholic Church of Lithuania is starting to realize necessity of communication in today’s secular society. I have carried out the analysis of the public relations activities of the Catholic Church of Lithuania. The results of the analysis showed that there are two main levels of public communication in Lithuania – the national one and the congregational one, but none of them is carried proper. The Catholic Church of Lithuania has to form individual pastoral plan of communication and reorganize existing implements – make them more innovative and effective in order to reach audience and do an impact on it.

Magistrinio darbo tema byloja apie estetikos ir religijos, o tiksliau – meno kūrinio ir religinės patirties, sankirtų taškus. Svarbiais, bent jau šio darbo kontekste, laikytume tam tikrus meno kūrinio sampratos kraštutinumus. Romantizme – estetika (atitinkamai ir meno kūrinys), tampa religijos pakaitalu. R. Šerpytytė rašo apie tokią romantinės sąmonės struktūrą, kuri anihiliuoja religiškumą. Romantizuojamas, pasaka tapęs pasaulis ,,aukščiausią prasmę“ pasiekia kaip tik anihiliuodamas religinę dimensiją ir jos vietoje iškeldamas, pakeisdamas ją estetine dimensija [...]. Tik meno kūrinys gali teikti apreiškimą. Tik sapne, tik svajonėse mes patiriame tiesą. Priešinga interpretacija – dvidešimtojo amžiaus neokantizmas. Meno kūrinys praranda bet kokias ontologines šaknis. Estetinė kokybė apibrėžiama negatyviai – kaip netekusi pažintinių bei praktinių nuorodų, ir kaip susijusi su tam tikra stebėtojo priimta išeities pozicija. Pasak G.Vattimo, taip suprasta estetinė sąmonė atitinka muziejų, kaip viešąją instituciją, kuri neatsitiktinai išsivystė pastaraisiais amžiais lygiagrečiai teoriniam estetinio subjektyvizmo subrendimui. Šiame kontekste ir užsimezga nagrinėjamos temos svarstymas – meno kūrinio ir religinės patirties ryšys. / Compare the places of intersection of aesthetics and religion, work of art and religion experience. The most important thing is to stay within understanding of each piece of work. So in romanticism – aesthetics, work of art changes religion. However, we can deal with neokantizm of the twenties century, when ontologin origin does not exist in work of art. Aesthetical quality has negative meaning. In this work the connection of art work and religion experience has been researched. Comparison of understanding of work by Heidegger and Florensky. Leading the precondition, that work of art can be kind of frankness. Konception of Florensky is development of Heidegger work. The purpose is to find the answers: 1) Is ,,understanding” only the position of observation? 2) Is there anything unreached for interpretation in a work of art? Is art position opposing to subjectivism and can it liberate from subjective closeness.

Šiame darbe aptariama religinės savimonės pokyčiai XX a. pradžios lietuvių literatūroje. Nagrinėti pasirinkti romanai Vinco Mykolaičio – Putino „Altorių šešėlis“, Igno Šeiniaus „Kuprelis“ (trečiasis (1913 m.) ir ketvirtasis (1932 m.) variantai ir Julijono Lindės – Dobilo „Blūdas“. Nes laikoma, kad jie ryškiausiai atvaizduoja ir parodo XX amžiaus pradžios lietuvių savimonę. Tokį kūrinių pasirinkimą lėmė, antropologinis žiūrėjimas į tekstus, aptinkamus būtent juose pasikartojančius ir bendrus religinės savimonės elementus. Darbe keliama hipotezė, jog XX a. pradžioje lietuviškoje religinėje kultūroje ir sąmonėje įvyko pokyčiai, kurie reiškėsi ir per literatūrinius tekstus, kurie, kaip to laiko dokumentai, byloja apie kultūrinėje terpėje vyravusį pasikeitimą. Šie romanai byloja apie naują, individualios, savimonės susiformavimą ir kitimą bei skirtybę nuo vyraujančio kultūrinio masyvo. Prieštaraujančią jam, bet neišvengiamai darančią įtaką, labiau nei etaloninis bei idealus religijos praktikos aprašymas J. Gintauto apysakoje „Tiesiame kelyje“, kuris sukurtas kaip tendencinga dvasininkijos apologija. Senasis būdas tikėti, net jei kultūriškai buvo priimtinesnis ir netgi visuomenės labiau palaikomas, neprigijo, nes tolesnis mechaniškas ritų ir tikėjimų visuma paremtas religijos supratimas, bei religinė savimonė jau buvo pakitusi. Darbe susikoncentruota į religinės savimonės, jos raiškos ir pokyčių konkrečiuose literatūriniuose kūriniuose tyrimą, paremtą antropologiniu kultūros... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The objective for these Master theses is to discuss alteration of religious self awareness in the Lithuanian literature of the beginning of the 20th century. For analysis there were selected several novels: V. M. Putinas “Altoriu sesely”, I.Seinius “Kuprelis” (the third edition released in 1913 and the fourth edition released in 1932) and J. Linde – Dobilas “Bludas”. These novels were chosen for several reasons: they distinctly reflect and demonstrate self awareness of Lithuanians in the beginning of 20th century; also anthropological viewpoint of chosen novels exhibits repeated and common elements of religious self awareness. These Master theses are raising hypothesis, that in the beginning of 20th century in religious and cultural consciousness changes happened, they were expressed through literature, and as literature is a as document of a particular time period, it shows an alteration in cultural environment. Analyzed novels show the formation and change of new, individual self awareness also distinction from dominant cultural array. It is reverse to the tradition, but culturally more significant than ideal description of religion practices in J. Gintautas novel “Tiesiu keliu”, which was written as tendentious apologia of clergy. Old - fashioned way of faith, though culturally more acceptable and yet more supported by society, didn’t entrench mostly because further mechanical understanding of religion (based on rituals as well as entirety of beliefs) and religious self... [to full text]

No description available.