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No description available.

Gli sviluppi tecnologici vissuti nell'ultimo quarto di secolo hanno determinato forti mutamenti non solo nella materialità dell'esistere, ma anche nella dimensione spirituale della persona. L'avvento della cittadinanza digitale ha obbligato ad un ripensamento del catalogo dei diritti e delle forme di esercizio degli stessi. La libertà religiosa, tanto nella sua dimensione individuale quanto in quella associata non solo ha subito l'influenza di tali cambiamenti, ma si è dimostrata in molti casi settore privilegiato per verificare la validità delle nuove forme di governo derivanti dallo sviluppo sempre più massiccio delle tecnologie informatiche. A partire, dunque, da un ripensamento dei rapporti tra diritto e religione sono stati individuati alcuni settori specifici di analisi al cui interno saggiare le nuove forme di governo elettronico, per comprendere le nuove declinazioni del diritto di libertà religiosa nella società digitale. Tali settori sono: la presenza delle confessioni nel sistema della stampa nazionale; il nuovo mondo di Internet e le problematiche connesse alla tutela dei marchi e del sentimento religioso; la presenza delle confessioni religiose nel sistema radio televisivo; la tutela dei dati sensibili religiosi nel nuovo Codice sulla privacy. / Last 25 years, technological developments have determined very important changes both on the material side and on the spiritual one of the people. The introduction of digital citizenship has obliged to rethink the bunch of rights and the way to apply them. The religious freedom, both individually and in association, has suffered the effects of these changes, but moreover has been a preferred sector where testing new governance rules needed to manage the innovations due to constantly increasing presence of information technologies in day by day life. Therefore, starting from a deep rethinking of the relationships between law and religion, some sectors of analysis, where testing new electronic governance rules, has been identified, in order to understand new evolutions of religious freedom rights in the digital society. These sectors are: presence of religious denominations in the national press; Internet world and issues related both to the trademark management and to religious sentiments; presence of religious denominations in radio-TV system; protection of religious sensitive personal data in agreement with the new privacy Code.

L’indagine ha preso le mosse dalla considerazione di una sorta di aporia caratterizzante il panorama degli studi storico-religiosi attuali: da un lato una sempre più marcata tendenza decostruzionista nei confronti dello gnosticismo tardo-antico, dall’altra una sempre più accentuata propensione a identificare larghi settori della cosiddetta nuova religiosità come gnostici o neognostici, o comunque tali da offrire profonde assonanze con tematiche proprie dello gnosticismo antico. La ricerca è stata condotta lungo due diverse direttrici, etica ed emica. In una prospettiva etica, si è ricostruita la storia degli studi tesi - sulla base di comprensioni diverse e diversificate, e talora precomprensioni, dello gnosticismo storico - a istituire un legame, storico o più spesso fenomenologico, tra gnosticismo antico e nuova religiosità. In una prospettiva emica, si sono approfondite le modalità e le motivazioni in base alle quali alcuni ambiti della nuova religiosità hanno guardato allo gnosticismo antico per riproporne aspetti e tematiche.

En 1767 Jean-François Marmontel publia Bélisaire, conte philosophique recelant une plaidoirie pour la tolérance civile en matière de religion et un christianisme miséricordieux aux accents déistes. Livre à succès, Bélisaire n’eut pas que des admirateurs : son soutien pour la tolérance et sa nouvelle vision du salut lui valurent une opposition vive de l’Église, surtout de la faculté de théologie de Paris qui projeta d’en faire une Censure. Or celle-ci déplut au gouvernement, qui très vite s’en mêla. L’historiographie n’ignore pas l’affaire : ses spécialistes, John Renwick et Robert Granderoute ont publié respectivement deux articles et une préface à son sujet. Mais, malgré la qualité de ces travaux, de larges pans de l’affaire restent inconnus. Grâce à des sources neuves, il ressort : (1) que l’avocat général du Parlement de Paris, Jean-Omer Joly de Fleury, profita de l’affaire pour écrire lui-même une nouvelle théologie de la tolérance compatible avec le Catholicisme et (2) que le gouvernement censura la Censure, réécrivant son 4e article qui louait trop vivement l’intolérance civile, qui était certes la politique du roi, mais qu’il se réservait le droit de modifier. Cette étude lève ainsi le voile sur le travail de magistrats et ministres qui cherchaient à défendre l’Église, soutien de la monarchie, tout en la modernisant. Elle montre aussi les paradoxes des réformes manquées : la théologie de la tolérance, pourtant riche, ne servit jamais à modifier la loi. Cette affaire mobilisa de grands commis de l’État, dynamiques et dévoués, mais la monarchie peina à appliquer leurs idées. Ainsi n’opéra-t-elle pas de nouvelle synthèse religieuse, comme elle avait pu le faire par le passé, suivant l’analyse de Dale Van Kley. / In 1767 Jean-François Marmontel published Bélisaire, philosophical tale that included a plea for civil tolerance in religion and a merciful Christianity with Deistic elements. A successful book, Bélisaire did not only have admirers: its support for tolerance and its new vision of salvation earned it a lively opposition from the Church, especially the Faculty of Theology of Paris, which planned a Censure. Yet the Censure displeased the government which immediately became involved. Known to historians, the affair’s specialists, John Renwick and Robert Granderoute have published two articles and a preface, respectively. Yet despite their quality, central elements of the affair remain unknown. New sources show: (1) that the avocat general od the Parlement of Paris, Jean-Omer Joly de Fleury, took advantage of the affair to compose a new theology of tolerance, reconciled with Catholicism and (2) that the government censored the Censure, re-writing its 4th article which praised too enthusiastically civil intolerance, certainly the king’s policy, but which he wanted to retain the right to modify. This study therefore shows the inner workings of magistrates and ministers who sought to defend the Church, a base for the monarchy, while also modernizing it. It also shows the paradoxes of failed reforms: the theology of tolerance, quite rich, never served to modify the law. This affair mobilized high-ranking ministers, dynamic and devoted, yet the monarchy struggled to enact their ideas. It never instituted a new religious synthesis, like it had done in the past, following the analysis of Dale Van Kley.

Given the need for further understanding of Chemical Intolerance (CI), the aim was to examine how persons living with CI describe their experiences of the course of CI. Eleven participants were recruited via Swedish websites hosted by CI support groups. A questionnaire was sent by postal mail to participants, and their written replies were analysed narratively. The analysis resulted in 5 types of narrative. The types were constructed based on similarities in onset and course of CI. Differences between types were related to possible effects on health and well-being based on theories of social support, coping and basic psychological needs. Differences in participants’ perceptions of symptom onset were related to aetiological theories of CI. Implications of similarities between types were also discussed. The 5 narrative types were similar in their descriptions of alienation from society and poor social support. Perceptions of symptom onset differed between types with regard to suddenness, point in life and cause of symptoms. Moreover, the results indicate that coping among persons with CI is dynamic and vary with contextual conditions.

In Computer Aided Design model the shape is usually defined as a boundary representation, a cell complex of faces, edges, and vertices. The boundary representation is generated from a system of geometric constraints, with parameters as degrees of freedom. The dimensions of the boundary representation are determined by the parameters in the CAD system used to model the part, and every single parametric perturbation may generate different changes in the part model shape and dimensions. Thus, one can compute dimensional sensitivity to parameter perturbations. A "Sensitivity Analysis" method is proposed to automatically quantify the dependencies of the Key Characteristic dimensions on each of the feature parameters in a CAD model. Once the sensitivities of the feature parameters to Key Characteristic dimensions have been determined the appropriate perturbations of each parameter to cause a desired change in critical dimension can be determined. This methodology is then applied to real applications of tolerancing in mechanical assembly models to show the efficiencies of this new developed strategy. The approach can identify where specific tolerances need to be applied to a Key Control Characteristic dimension, the range of part tolerances that could be used to achieve the desired Key Product Characteristic dimension tolerances, and also if existing part tolerances make it impossible to achieve the desired Key Product Characteristic dimension tolerances. This thesis provides an explanation of a novel automated tolerance allocation process for an assembly model based on the parametric CAD sensitivity method. The objective of this research is to expose the relationship between parameters sensitivity of CAD design in mechanical assembly product and tolerance design. This exposes potential new avenues of research in how to develop standard process and methodology for geometrical dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T) in a digital design tools environment known as Digital MockUp (DMU).

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Background: There are approximately 12 million statin users in the United Kingdom. Reports of statin intolerance occurs between 7 and 29% of users, manifesting as muscle ache, fatigue or more seriously, muscle breakdown leading to myopathy. Creatine phosphokinase (CK) levels are used as a biomarker of statin-induced muscle damage. Non-adherence or discontinuation of therapy is a common result of intolerance and can result in negative cardiovascular disease-related outcomes. Aim: This thesis attempts to identify trends in record-linked medical data in a Scottish Caucasian cohort (GoDARTS) that best represent statin intolerance in order to study associated genetic factors. Methods: Prescribing trends such as switching or discontinuation of statin therapy were examined, and thresholds created to select true cases of intolerance. Information on CK levels was gathered from medical records and appropriate test results were utilized. Genotypic data was gathered for the variants and genetic regions of interest using a variety of methods including chip-based genotyping followed by imputation, TAQMAN genotyping, and exome sequencing. Subsequently hypothesis-based association analyses were conducted, including linear and logistic regressions, followed by meta-analyses, regional GWAS followed by a regional meta –analysis. Results: The phenotypes of statin intolerance were validated both internally and externally. Previously reported missense variants in LILRB5 (Asp247Gly) and CKM (Glu83Gly) were replicated and shown to be associated with CK levels irrespective of statin usage in the GoDARTS cohort and the clinical trial setting (JUPITER). Further, the CKM variant was also associated with inducibility of CK at times of tissue injury. The Asp247 genotype in LILRB5 was associated with increased risk of statin intolerance, and was replicated in associations with non-compliance to statin therapy and the development of myalgia in the JUPITER trial. The association with myalgia showed a stratified effect based on therapy (statin or placebo), with those on placebo showing the genotype effect. Further, the variant was also associated with increased risk of statin-induced myositis, cases of which had been clinically adjudicated and exome sequenced for the PREDICTION-ADR consortium. Further exploration of the LILR gene region showed an association with variants in LILRB2 (His20Arg and Val235Met) which were in strong LD with each other but were not in linkage with the variant in LILRB5. Stratified analysis revealed that the risk for carriers of the LILRB2 variants was increased depending on the genotype carried at the LILRB5 variant. Conclusions: This study characterises novel genetic factors associated with statin intolerance impacting adherence. The findings point to the immunomodulatory effects of statins. The results suggest that true statin-induced myalgia and non-specific myalgia are distinct, with a possible role for the immune system in their development. The findings encourage further investigation into the immune-physiology of statin-induced muscle damage and identifies genetically susceptible groups who are more likely to be statin intolerant.