Thesis (M.S.)--University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2010. / Title from title screen (site viewed May 18, 2010). PDF text: v, 101 p. : ill. Publication: Open Access Theses and Dissertations from the College of Education and Human Sciences. Includes bibliographical references.

Poor maternal health is one of the major risk factors related to adverse birth outcomes. Women entering pregnancy with poor health status are at higher risk of these outcomes. Prenatal care has been established as the standard prevention paradigm to reduce poor pregnancy outcomes. However, public health professionals are realizing that prenatal care alone is not sufficient to improve perinatal health and birth outcomes, and instead have emphasized the importance of preconception care (PCC). Evidence-based studies reveal that those who received PCC services have better pregnancy outcomes than those who did not. Most published research on preconception are clinical studies, little is known about women’s perception of preconception health and decision-making factor(s) to engage in preconception health practices. Existing research on preconception health behaviors have used retrospective designs, making them difficult to use in assessing the extent of women’s understanding of preconception health behaviors and its relationship to the practice of these behaviors. Thus, an exploratory qualitative study was needed to examine factors associated with preconception health behaviors. The objective of this study was to answer two research questions: (a) What are childbearing age women’s knowledge, beliefs, and perceptions of preconception health/care and how do these factors influence their preconception health behavior? (b) What are the perceived factors (facilitators and hindrances) associated with these women’s intention and decision-making regarding preconception health behaviors? Thirteen women were interviewed about their knowledge and perceptions about PCC and intention toward preconception health behavior practice. The results indicated that women believed PCC is important—using the analogy of preparing their house [body] for conception. Participants associated PCC with physical and nutritional behavior; few acknowledged the importance of mental health. While women believed PCC was important, the majority did not intend to engage in PCC until they became pregnant. The main motivator to engage in PCC was pregnancy. Self-described “laziness” was the most common reported perceived barrier to PCC. Implications of this study are that additional studies with improved designs are needed to clarify relationships among intentions and actual behaviors, and that health educators should focus on educating women about the importance of self-care before conception.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / The preconception care for women with Pregestational Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is recognized for its benefits to the woman and the fetus in several countries, and must be guaranteed as a strategy to reduce maternal-fetal morbidity and mortality. We aimed to analyze the preconception care for women with pregestational DM assisted at SUS, aiming to describe the specific route of pregnant women with DM in the SUS health system in Fortaleza, know the clinical and reproductive profile, check the care received in preconception and identify the knowledge regarding maternal and fetal risks. Descriptive and exploratory qualitative study carried out in four reference units for high-risk pregnancies that compose the SUS-Fortaleza, CearÃ, Brazil. Data were collected from April to September 2012, involving 41 pregnant women with pregestational DM. We used the triangulation techniques of data collection: interviews, free observation with field notes and revision of the motherâs card and/or of the medical record. The data were organized in tables and received descriptive statistical treatment; the information learned in the field notes complemented the discussion of results. The project was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Universidade Federal do CearÃ, according to Protocol number 90/12 and one met the recommendations of Resolution 196/96. The average age of the group corresponded to 30.3  5.3, age of risk for developing DM type 2, the average of education level was 9.4  3.3 years, facilitator aspect for the practice of contraceptive care by women, 76.7% did not plan the current pregnancy, 26.7% were unaware of their type of DM. The prevalent time of diagnosis of DM was up to 10 years, comorbidities were reported by 33.4% of pregnant women; 56.7% of the respondents had between two and four pregnancies, with parity not over four births. The history of miscarriage and stillbirth was expected among women with pre-gestational DM who did not adopt preconceptional care and was present in 40%. About the preconception care needed for this group, the Ministry of Health recommends: glycemic control, replacement of oral hypoglycemic for insulin, control of comorbidities, monitoring of A1C, guidance on hypoglycemia and use of folic acid. Among these, the use of folic acid was being practiced by 10% of pregnant women and glucose monitoring for 6.6% of respondents. Out of these, 10% were receiving the necessary inputs to self-monitoring, when 100% should have it to recognize the best time to gestate. Regarding knowledge about maternal and fetal risks, 60% reported having gotten it in the current pregnancy. We suggest the managers of local public policies to restructure the municipal health system regarding the prenatal care of high-risk and to rescue the preconception attention in primary care. / O cuidado prÃ-concepcional de mulheres com Diabetes Mellitus (DM) prÃ-gestacional à reconhecido pelos benefÃcios à mulher e ao concepto em vÃrios paÃses, devendo ser garantido como estratÃgia para reduÃÃo da morbidade e mortalidade materno-fetal. Objetivamos analisar a atenÃÃo prÃ-concepcional de mulheres com DM prÃ-gestacional assistidas no Sistema Ãnico de SaÃde (SUS), tendo como objetivos especÃficos descrever o percurso de gestantes com DM na rede de saÃde do SUS-Fortaleza, conhecer o perfil clÃnico e reprodutivo, verificar os cuidados recebidos na prÃ-concepÃÃo e identificar o conhecimento quanto aos riscos maternos e fetais. Estudo descritivo e exploratÃrio qualitativo, realizado em quatro unidades de referÃncia para gestaÃÃo de alto risco que compÃe o SUS-Fortaleza, CearÃ, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados de abril a setembro de 2012, envolvendo 41 gestantes com DM prÃ-gestacional. Utilizamos a triangulaÃÃo de tÃcnicas de coleta de dados: entrevista, observaÃÃo livre com anotaÃÃes de campo e revisÃo do cartÃo da gestante e/ou do prontuÃrio. Os dados foram organizados em tabelas e receberem tratamento estatÃstico descritivo; as informaÃÃes apreendidas nas anotaÃÃes de campo complementaram a discussÃo dos resultados. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comità de Ãtica em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal do CearÃ, conforme protocolo n 90/12 e foram atendidas as recomendaÃÃes da ResoluÃÃo 196/96. A mÃdia da idade do grupo correspondeu a 30,35,3, faixa etÃria de risco para o desenvolvimento do DM tipo 2; a mÃdia da escolaridade foi de 9,4Â3,3anos, aspecto facilitador a prÃtica dos cuidados prÃ-concepcionais pelas mulheres, 76,7% nÃo planejaram a gestaÃÃo atual; 26,7% desconheciam o tipo de DM. Predominou o tempo de diagnÃstico do DM atà 10 anos, as comorbidades foram referidas por 33,4% das gestantes; 56,7% das entrevistadas tinham entre duas e quatro gestaÃÃes, com paridade nÃo superior a quatro partos. O histÃrico de aborto e natimorto foi previsto entre mulheres com DM prÃ-gestacional que nÃo adotaram cuidados prÃ-concepcionais e estava presente em 40%. Sobre os cuidados prÃ-concepcionais necessÃrios a este grupo, o MinistÃrio da SaÃde preconiza: controle glicÃmico, substituiÃÃo do hipoglicemiante oral por insulina, controle das comorbidades, acompanhamento da A1C, orientaÃÃo sobre hipoglicemia e uso de Ãcido fÃlico. Entre estes, o uso de Ãcido fÃlico estava sendo praticado por 10% das gestantes e o monitoramento glicÃmico por 6,6% das entrevistadas. Destas, 10% recebiam os insumos necessÃrios ao auto monitoramento, quando 100% deveriam possuir para o reconhecimento do melhor momento de gestar. Quanto ao conhecimento sobre os riscos maternos e fetais, 60% referiu tÃ-lo adquirido na gestaÃÃo atual. Sugerimos aos gestores das polÃticas pÃblicas locais a reestruturaÃÃo da rede municipal de saÃde no que concerne à assistÃncia prÃ-natal de alto risco e ao resgate da atenÃÃo prÃ-concepcional pela atenÃÃo bÃsica.

Despite increased access to prenatal care, birth outcomes continue to be a major source of disparity among women in the United States. The focus on lifestyle choices and negative behaviors prior to a pregnancy to reduce adverse birth outcomes has become a well-documented strategy. The purpose of this study was to determine if preparing for a pregnancy in advance improves birth outcomes for African American women of childbearing age between the ages of 12 and 45 years in the State of Rhode Island (RI). The theoretical foundation for this study was based on Prochaska's model of change, which is also known as the readiness to change model. This study was conducted using secondary data from the Rhode Island Department of Health PRAMS data set. The research questions determined if African American women received preconception care education at the same rate as White women, if African American women had a higher rate of infant mortality than other races, and if African American women had a higher rate of unintended pregnancies than White women in the state of Rhode Island. Independent t tests and chi square tests were used to answer the research questions. The results indicated a difference between the infant mortality rates for African American women compared to other races as well as a difference between African American women compared to White women with regard to unintentional pregnancies in Rhode Island. However, there was no difference in African American women compared to White women receiving preconception education in the state of Rhode Island. The implications for positive social change include micro- and macro-level changes in support of how planning for a pregnancy in advance can reduce poor birth outcomes.

Retratos de uma Casa de Candomblé na cidade de São Paulo, traz uma pesquisa que trabalha com a etnografia como forma de aferir o cotidiano de um Ilê (Casa de Candomblé) urbano, que sobrevive em São Paulo desde 1988, em uma região de classe média, cercado de edifícios, preconceitos e intolerância religiosa. Muitos registros fotográficos foram realizados e parcela deles compõe a iconografia da pesquisa, essas imagens expressam a forma de ver e de viver do povo do santo na cidade, mas que possui ligações com as casas ancestrais no Recôncavo Baiano e em Salvador, além de fazer parte de uma Família de Santo que se ramifica através de outros Ilês. A pesquisa procurou ter um olhar voltado para os Filhos de Santo e buscou escutar o que os Iyawôs , Abians, Ebomis, dirigentes do Ilê, dirigentes de casas ancestrais e pessoas públicas, tinham a falar sobre as relações vividas e como essas vivencias afetavam suas vidas, como era a construção dessa Família de Santo e como solidificavam as relações de parentesco dentro do Ilê, partindo da observação participante e das imagens fotográficas, o processo segue realizando entrevistas que foram fundamentais para o entendimento desse sentimento que é ser do santo, ser uma pessoa iniciada ou prestes a passar pelos ritos de iniciação, tudo isso comparado com uma vasta bibliografia sobre o assunto, o texto que compõe essa dissertação foi construído. Foram entrevistadas 25 pessoas em um universo de 55 adeptos e partindo do questionamento de como o Candomblé entrou na vida deles e delas, cada um contou sua história para formar um mosaico de diversidade. As vivências, a forma de ensinar e aprender, os sentimentos antes de se iniciarem os ritos e a intolerância religiosa, foram preocupações observadas e retratadas no trabalho de campo. A pesquisa teve a oportunidade de acompanhar o processo de iniciação de duas Iyawôs desde o momento que elas se preparavam para os ritos de iniciação(2016) até o ano de 2018, onde passaram pelos primeiros rituais e na hora que estavam se recolhendo, na saída de santo, no final do preceito e um ano após realizarem a iniciação foram entrevistadas, pois a ideia era expressar o sentimento vivido naqueles momentos. Os trânsitos territoriais e religiosos foram detectados, e um fator recorrente na vida da maioria dos entrevistados foram suas vivencias na Umbanda. Outra questão interessante que a pesquisa aferiu foi a introdução das crianças no ambiente e nos ritos do Candomblé e por último a questão da intolerância religiosa que aparece como uma constante na vida das pessoas e na Casa de Candomblé. / Portraits of a Candomblé House in the city of São Paulo brings a research which works with ethnography as a way to measure the daily life of an urban Ilê (Candomblé House), which remains in São Paulo since 1988, in a middle-class region, surrounded by buildings, prejudices and religious intolerance. Many photograph logs were realized and some of them compose the iconography of the research. This image expresses a way of seeing and living of the people of saint group in the city, which has connections with ancestral houses at Recôncavo Baiano and Salvador, besides being part of a Sant´s Family, which branches through other Ilês. The research aimed to look at the Children of Saint and listen what the Iyawôs, Abians, Ebonis, respectively the leaders of Ilês, the leaders of ancestral houses and public people, had to say about the lived relations and how these livings affected their lives, how was the construction of this Sant´s Family and how they solidified the family relations inside the Ilê. Beginning with participant observations and photographs, the process follows realizing interviews which were fundamental to understand this feeling which is being of the holy, being an initiated one or a person about to pass through the initiation rites, all of this compared with a wide bibliography about this subject, building this work. A total number of 25 people were interviewed inside a group of 55 people, beginning with a question about how the Candomblé entered in their lives, each one told their history to form a diversity mosaic. The livings, the way of teaching and learning, the feelings before the beginning of the rites and the religious intolerance were concerns observed and portrayed in the field work. The research had the opportunity to go along the process of initiation of two Iyawôs, since the moment they were preparing to the rites (2016) to the year of 2018, when they passed through the first rites and in the hour, they were gathering, in the saints exit, at the end of the precept and one year after they realized the initiation. At each one of these moments, they were interviewed, since the idea was to express the feelings, they lived at each one. The territorial and religious moving were detected, and a frequent variable in the life of the subjects were their livings at the Umbanda. Other interesting question which the research measured were the introduction of children in the environment and the rites of the Candomblé and the religious intolerance question, which appears as a constant in the peoples life and at the Candomblé House.

Despite increased access to prenatal care, birth outcomes continue to be a major source of disparity among women in the United States. The focus on lifestyle choices and negative behaviors prior to a pregnancy to reduce adverse birth outcomes has become a well-documented strategy. The purpose of this study was to determine if preparing for a pregnancy in advance improves birth outcomes for African American women of childbearing age between the ages of 12 and 45 years in the State of Rhode Island (RI). The theoretical foundation for this study was based on Prochaska's model of change, which is also known as the readiness to change model. This study was conducted using secondary data from the Rhode Island Department of Health PRAMS data set. The research questions determined if African American women received preconception care education at the same rate as White women, if African American women had a higher rate of infant mortality than other races, and if African American women had a higher rate of unintended pregnancies than White women in the state of Rhode Island. Independent t tests and chi square tests were used to answer the research questions. The results indicated a difference between the infant mortality rates for African American women compared to other races as well as a difference between African American women compared to White women with regard to unintentional pregnancies in Rhode Island. However, there was no difference in African American women compared to White women receiving preconception education in the state of Rhode Island. The implications for positive social change include micro- and macro-level changes in support of how planning for a pregnancy in advance can reduce poor birth outcomes.

Among young adults at risk for unintended pregnancies, preconception health and prenatal care programs aimed at positive birth outcomes remain unaddressed. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the lived experiences of young adults in terms of their willingness to use preconception health and prenatal care as a means for increasing both positive birth outcomes and overall health. All study participants met the following criteria: (a) young adult man or woman, (b) age 18 to 25, (c) at risk for unintended pregnancies, (d) sexually active, (e) single or in cohabiting partnerships, and (f) living in the greater Los Angeles, Calif., area. The researcher conducted individual, semi structured interviews with study participants, and analyzed the resulting transcripts using a modified van Kaam analysis. Data analysis yielded 3 major themes to address the study's 3 research questions. First, participants believed that parenthood is largely learned through witnessing the practices of their parents, family members, and friends. Second, participants believed in the necessity of healthy lifestyle choices for healthy preconception and optimal prenatal care. Third, the key obstacle to perinatal care was the lack of awareness of pregnancy and available health care resources. These findings may provide a guideline for improving preconception health and prenatal care programs for young adults who are at risk of unintended pregnancies.

Thesis (Ed. D.)--Illinois State University, 2004. / Title from title page screen, viewed November 17, 2005. Dissertation Committee: Dent Rhodes (chair), Kenneth Jerich, Cheri Toledo, Denise Charron-Prochownik. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 96-105) and abstract. Also available in print.

Submitted by Clebson Anjos (clebson.leandro54@gmail.com) on 2016-03-23T17:51:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 6453156 bytes, checksum: 92b5748493f9e514de361a3c861664ca (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-23T17:51:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 6453156 bytes, checksum: 92b5748493f9e514de361a3c861664ca (MD5) Previous issue date: 1980-02-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In this brief Brazilian Literature research we seek to detect and analyze the inter-ethnic relations and participation of black, either as subject or as a literary producer in the plans of poetry and novelistic fiction. The question of color prejudice is so inevitable, being emphasized more persistence and particularity in reading The Drums of St. Louis Joshua Montello, novel that, as we try to show is fairly representative in the context of regional and national slavery. / Nesta breve pesquisa de Literatura Brasileira procuramos detectar e analisar as relações inter-étnicas e participação do negro, quer como tema quer como produtor literário nos planos da poesia e da ficção romanesca. A questão do preconceito de cor será por isso inevitável, sendo enfatizada com mais persistência e particularidade na leitura de Os Tambores de São Luís de Josué Montello, romance que, como procuramos demonstrar é bastante representativo no quadro da escravatura regional e nacional.

Orientador: Eliana Ayoub / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T01:03:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Presta_MichelleGuidiGargantini_M.pdf: 952428 bytes, checksum: bda8c1c50f5294474224adad3415353e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Mestrado / Educação, Conhecimento, Linguagem e Arte / Mestre em Educação