O propósito deste trabalho é entender até que ponto a influência da colonização brasileira interfere ou dificulta o entendimento do Ensino Religioso e o relacionamento educador(a) e educando(a) com essa realidade, já que vivemos numa capital, Salvador, com uma diversidade religiosa e cultural, de maioria afrodescendente. Convivemos com uma gama de preconceitos e intolerância religiosa que podem fazer com que as aulas de Ensino Religioso não sejam respeitadas como deveriam, bem como prejudicar a prática educativa, transformando as aulas em espaço de construção de mais preconceitos. Por esta razão, pontuamos a necessidade de uma integração entre a educação, a religião e a cultura para o discernimento entre educador(a) e educando(a), entendendo que cada um possui suas próprias experiências e convicções de vida religiosa e cultural, nas quais tolerância e ética sejam princípios básicos. / The purpose of this research is to understand to what extent the influence of Brazilian colonization interferes or complicates the understanding of Religious Teaching and the relationship between educator and student in the reality we live: a capital, Salvador, with a religious and cultural diversity, with an afrodescending majority. We live with a series of prejudices and religious intolerance that can turn the classes of Religious Teaching not as respectful as they should be, as well as to harm the educational practice, turning classes in a construction site of more prejudices. For this reason, we look at the need of integration between education, religion and culture for the discernment between educator and student, understanding that each one has his/her own experiences and convictions of religious and cultural life, in which tolerance and ethics are basic principles.

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2018-04-25T19:49:31Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Michelly Jacinto Lima Luiz - 2018.pdf: 5943315 bytes, checksum: aacaa52de61dab5d50494e05cf088d02 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Rejected by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com), reason: Ele pediu para ser citado, realmente, da forma que você colocou? on 2018-04-26T11:14:09Z (GMT) / Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2018-05-25T19:36:40Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Michelly Jacinto Lima Luiz - 2018.pdf: 5943315 bytes, checksum: aacaa52de61dab5d50494e05cf088d02 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-05-28T11:34:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Michelly Jacinto Lima Luiz - 2018.pdf: 5943315 bytes, checksum: aacaa52de61dab5d50494e05cf088d02 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-28T11:34:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Michelly Jacinto Lima Luiz - 2018.pdf: 5943315 bytes, checksum: aacaa52de61dab5d50494e05cf088d02 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The object of study of this dissertation is the discourse of religious intolerance presented in the movie The Payer of Promises (1962). The film under study has already been the object of investigation of research in the academy, in the areas of Literature and Arts. However, after investigation we find that this film work has never been analyzed from the assumptions of the Ecological Discourse Analysis. The film "The Payer of Promises" portrays the story of the ideological clash between Father Olavo (represented by Dionísio Azevedo) and the protagonist Zé do Burro (represented by Leonardo Villar). In summary, the work tells the story of Zé do Burro, who makes a promise to Santa Barbara to reach the cure of his pet donkey and, when he obtains the desired grace, begins his pilgrimage. In an attempt to pay his promise, he tells the priest that he had made a promise to the saint in a candomblé backyard, where he promised that if his pet donkey were cured he would carry a cross as heavy as that of Christ to the Church Of Santa Bárbara, besides dividing its lands equally with the other farmers of the region. However, the priest does not allow Zé do Burro to enter the church, because of his promise to have been held in a candomblé backyard, which will generate the whole clash in the film work. The strength and timeliness of this plot is what motivated the theme of this dissertation: the discourse of religious intolerance in the movie The Payer of Promises from the perspective of the Ecological Discourse Analysis. Thus, the overall objective of this research is to demonstrate how religious intolerance leads to suffering in its natural, mental and social contexts and how the film is representative of it. As a theoretical contribution, we use the Ecological Discourse Analysis, which is inserted in the context of the ecosystemic linguistics, which is part of the Ecolinguistics practiced in Brazil, the Anthropology of the Imaginary as well as the Fundamentals of Film Analysis. The methodological procedures used here include the film analysis, the criticalmyth and the methodology applied by ADE. In this way, it was possible to observe from the perspective of the Ecological Discourse Analysis that all the suffering that the characters are exposed in the course of the film narrative are motivated by the cultural disjunctions and the non acceptance of the diversity, due to the religious intolerance. / O objeto de estudo desta dissertação é o discurso de intolerância religiosa apresentado no filme O Pagador de Promessas (1962). O filme em estudo já foi objeto de investigação de pesquisa na academia, nas áreas de Literatura e Artes. Contudo, após investigação constatamos que esta obra fílmica nunca foi analisada a partir dos pressupostos da Análise do Discurso Ecológica. O filme “O pagador de promessas” retrata a história do embate ideológico entre padre Olavo (representado por Dionísio Azevedo) e o protagonista Zé do Burro (representado por Leonardo Villar). Em síntese, a obra narra a história de Zé do Burro, que faz uma promessa a Santa Bárbara para alcançar a cura de seu burro de estimação e, ao conseguir a graça almejada, inicia sua peregrinação. Na tentativa de pagar sua promessa, narra ao padre que havia feito uma promessa à Santa, em um terreiro de candomblé, na qual prometia que, caso seu burro de estimação se curasse, ele carregaria uma cruz tão pesada quanto a de Cristo até a Igreja de Santa Bárbara, além de dividir suas terras igualmente com os demais lavradores da região. Entretanto, o padre não permite a entrada de Zé do Burro na igreja, por sua promessa ter sido realizada em um terreiro de candomblé, o que vai gerar todo o embate na obra fílmica. A força e a atualidade desse enredo é o que motivou o tema dessa dissertação: o discurso de intolerância religiosa no filme O Pagador de Promessas sob a perspectiva da Análise do Discurso Ecológica. Desse modo, o objetivo geral da presente pesquisa é o de demonstrar como a intolerância religiosa conduz ao sofrimento em seus âmbitos natural, mental e social e como o filme é representativo em relação a isso. Como aporte teórico, utilizamos a Análise do Discurso Ecológica que está inserida no contexto da linguística ecossistêmica, vertente da Ecolinguística praticada no Brasil, a Antropologia do Imaginário, além dos fundamentos da Análise Fílmica. Os procedimentos metodológicos aqui utilizados incluem a análise fílmica, mitocrítica e a ecometodologia aplicada pela ADE. Dessa maneira, foi possível observar da perspectiva da Análise do Discurso Ecológica que o todo o sofrimento que as personagens são expostas no decorrer da narrativa fílmica são motivados pelas disjunções culturais e pela não aceitação da diversidade, decorrentes da intolerância religiosa.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-07-17T12:21:45Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Enelice Milhomem Jacobina Teixeira - 2018.pdf: 2412819 bytes, checksum: a774037f1ad89201edcf9c3feb5d58c3 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-07-17T13:52:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Enelice Milhomem Jacobina Teixeira - 2018.pdf: 2412819 bytes, checksum: a774037f1ad89201edcf9c3feb5d58c3 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-17T13:52:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Enelice Milhomem Jacobina Teixeira - 2018.pdf: 2412819 bytes, checksum: a774037f1ad89201edcf9c3feb5d58c3 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-15 / Research on religious intolerance, following the attack on Charlie Hebdo Weekly in January 2015 in Paris, France, provocative event of narratives on the subject. We carry out research with the students of a school (Elementary School), of the Municipal Department of Education in Goiânia. The problem referred to religious intolerance, discussed in the history lessons of CICLO III, group "G" (7th Year), in 2015, following the groupings "H" and "I" (8th and 9th years), until 2017. The investigative tools were elaborated with inquiries based on journalistic and scientific texts about the attack on the weekly Charlie Hebdo. The students hypothetically wondered what they would choose if they were in the bombing: being a terrorist or a cartoonist, justifying their options. After observing the students' narratives, we relate them to religious intolerance. We analyze the narratives of the students about the attack, using as theoretical contribution the historical education. Subsequently, we used texts, cartoons and other sources on religious intolerance, attacks, immigration, xenophobia, Islam, interculturalism, among others. After the interventions based on these texts, we applied the research instruments for the second time, in order to verify the possible changes in the reconstructed narratives of the students, with observation and changes in their historical awareness. We identified in the narratives in the second intervention that there was little progress in relation to religious tolerance and respect for freedom of expression of religious and non-religious. We then developed a third intervention, using, however, other investigative tools that questioned why Charlie Hebdo's cartoons were offensive to the Islamic religion and asked for an explanation of what religious intolerance is today. After answering these last requests, we noticed changes, since some students demonstrated a change in the historical consciousness presenting critical temporal orientation. / Investigação sobre a intolerância religiosa, a partir do atentado ao Semanário Charlie Hebdo, em janeiro de 2015, em Paris, na França, acontecimento provocativo de narrativas sobre a temática. Realizamos a investigação com os estudantes de uma escola (Ensino Fundamental), da Secretaria Municipal de Educação em Goiânia. A problemática referiu-se à intolerância religiosa, discutida nas aulas de história do CICLO III, agrupamento “G” (7º. Ano), em 2015, acompanhando os agrupamentos “H” e “I” (8º. e 9º. anos), até 2017. O instrumental de investigação foi elaborado com indagações apoiadas em textos jornalísticos e científicos sobre o atentado ao Semanário Charlie Hebdo. Os estudantes hipoteticamente imaginaram o que escolheriam se estivessem no atentado: ser terrorista ou cartunista, justificando suas opções. Após a observação das narrativas dos estudantes, relacionamos as mesmas com a intolerância religiosa. Analisamos as narrativas dos estudantes sobre o atentado, utilizando como aporte teórico a educação histórica.  Posteriormente, recorremos a textos, charges e outras fontes sobre intolerância religiosa, atentados, imigração, xenofobia, Islamismo, interculturalidade, entre outros. Após as intervenções pautadas nestes textos, aplicamos o instrumental de investigação pela segunda vez, a fim de verificarmos as possíveis alterações nas narrativas reconstruídas dos estudantes, com observação e alterações na consciência histórica dos mesmos. Identificamos nas narrativas na segunda intervenção que houve pouco avanço em relação à tolerância religiosa e ao respeito à liberdade de expressão de religiosos e não religiosos. Desenvolvemos, então, uma terceira intervenção, usando, no entanto, outro instrumental de investigação que questionou o motivo de as charges do Semanário Charlie Hebdo serem ofensivas à religião islâmica e solicitou uma explicação sobre o que é intolerância religiosa na atualidade. Respondidas estas últimas solicitações, percebemos alterações, visto que alguns estudantes demonstraram mudança na consciência histórica apresentando orientação temporal crítica.

This study analyzes the life and historical image of Anne Stanhope, Duchess of Somerset. Anne lived throughout most of the Tudor period (1510-1587). Throughout her long life, she rose from a mere lady in waiting to a duchess and wife of the Lord Protector. When her first husband, Edward Seymour, fell from power and met his end on the executioners block in 1552, it was Annes actions that saved the Seymour family from disgrace. While England endured centuries of religious transformation and political turmoil, Anne not only survived but ensured that her family remained influential and close to the throne. Her long court career, beneficial marriages, personal relationships, and devotion to religious reform made Anne an important noblewoman in Tudor England. This study looks at her role as a lady in waiting at court, her relationships with her husbands and children, and her activities as a patroness of reformist literature. The majority of historical scholarship has perpetuated a negative image of Anne Stanhope. Historians throughout the centuries have blamed Anne for her husbands faults, particularly his decision to execute his brother, Thomas Seymour. This study will look closely at contemporary sources to show that this image is problematic. Once her image is restored, a more accurate account of Annes life and her role in Tudor politics, society, and religion can be made. Annes experience was unique in many respects, yet her life can be used to determine many universal characteristics among Tudor noblewomen. This work will use Anne as a framework for understanding the changing political and religious landscape of Tudor England.

Zwischen 2001 und 2009, veränderte sich die religiöse Betreuung in portugiesischen öffentlichen Krankenhäusern von einem traditionellen Modell der Betreuung durch Kapläne, in dem Römische Katholische Kapläne die einzigen offiziellen religiösen Vertreter auf dem Krankenhausgelände waren, auf ein gesetzlich erzwungenes pluralistisches Modell, wo die religiöse Vielfalt sowohl eine Herausforderung als auch eine Ressource für religiöse Akteure bedeutet. Als Vergleichsfallstudie von drei High-End, öffentlichen Universitäts Krankenhäusern in Portugal zeigt diese Dissertation, dass die Bestimmung von religiöser Unterstützung strittig wurde, sobald die durch die Römische Katholische Kirche ausgeübte Dominanz in dem speziellen Fall des religiösen Beistands in Krankenhäusern durch Gesetzesänderungen in Frage gestellt wurde, die noch nicht vollständig umgesetzt sind. Rechtsänderungen in Richtung eines Übergangs zwischen traditionellen Kaplansämtern und Leistung Geistiger und Religiöser Unterstützung produzierten unterschiedliche Ergebnisse in den drei untersuchten Fällen in dieser Dissertation. Jede Gruppe religiöser Vertreter innerhalb jedes Krankenhaus hat gezielt lokale Aufträge ausgehandelt, um Ihre strategischen Ziele zu erreichen. Dieses divergierende Muster ist das wichtigste Forschungsrätsel in dieser Studie. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird vorgeschlagen, dass die religiöse Betreuung in öffentlichen Krankenhäusern entlang von vier Dimensionen betrieben wird: das Niveau der organisatorische Integration der religiösen Hilfeleistungen, deren strategischen Ausrichtung, deren institutionelle Untermauerung und deren Kognitiven Orientierungen. Diese Dimensionen bestimmen zu einem großen Teil, die Muster des strategischen Handelns der religiösen Vertreter in Krankenhäusern. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt fest, dass jeder der drei untersuchten Fälle, obwohl integriert in einem einzigen rechtlichen und operationellen Rahmen, in seinem Niveau der organisatorischen Integration divergiert und das dass die Kernursache aller folgenden Unterschiede zwischen den anderen Dimensionen ist. / Between 2001 and 2009, religious assistance in Portuguese public hospitals moved from a traditional chaplaincy model, where Roman Catholic chaplains stood as the only official religious representatives within hospital premises, to a legally enforced pluralistic model where religious diversity is both a challenge and a resource to religious actors. As a comparative case study of three high-end, public university hospitals in Portugal, this dissertation shows that religious assistance provision became contentious as the dominance exerted by the Roman Catholic Church in the specific case of religious assistance within hospitals was challenged by legal changes which are not fully implemented. Legal change towards a transition between traditional chaplaincies and Spiritual and Religious Assistance Services produced divergent results across the three cases studied in this dissertation, as the set of religious representatives within each hospital negotiated through specific local orders in order to achieve strategic goals. This divergent pattern is the most important research puzzle in this study. In this dissertation, it is proposed that religious assistance in public hospitals operates along four dimensions: the level of organizational integration of religious assistance services, their strategic orientation, their institutional underpinnings and their cognitive orientations. These dimensions determine, to a large extent, the patterns of strategic action by religious representatives within hospitals. This dissertation finds that each of the three cases studied, while integrated in a single legal and operational framework, diverge in their level of organizational integration and this is the core cause of all remaining differences across other dimensions.

Diversity is an inevitable condition of modern societies, in which individuals come into contact with one another with various backgrounds; such as, race, ethnicity, nationality, sexual orientation, religion, and ideology. My dissertation answers three questions: what are the individual characteristics that influence social tolerance of people?’ What are the important things (education level, economic condition, gender, religiosity, etc.) that hold people in a society together as well as influence them positively or negatively to report social tolerance toward religiously different, racially different, sexually different (homosexuals), and nationally (immigrants) different people? From there, I am also trying to answer, if any, the impact of social intolerance on people’s overall well-being? And finally, I am attempting to explore the impact of the socio-historical developments in three societies (United States, Turkey, and South Africa) on social intolerance attitudes (racism, homophobia, xenophobia, and religious intolerance) of people? Previous studies on tolerance have used samples from either one country or a few countries from a continent. As a result, it remained unclear why some characteristics were significantly associated with social tolerance. Using the World Values Survey, I analyze the association between reporting social tolerance within individual and country level contexts. Additionally, using a historical comparative analysis approach, I explore societal factors that influence people to report social tolerance toward racially different, immigrants/foreign workers, homosexuals, and religiously different people in the United States, Turkey, and South Africa. In my multi-level logistic regression analyses, I find that as educational attainment of individuals’ increases, they are more likely to be socially tolerant toward racially different, immigrant/foreign workers, homosexuals, and those who practice a different religion. Schooling plays the most important role on whether individuals will be socially tolerant or intolerant. At the country level, I find that those who live in highly corrupted countries tend to report lower levels of social tolerance for all dimensions. My findings show that there is a connection between social tolerance, as a type of negative emotion, and individuals health outcomes. Also, my findings show that as social intolerance increases the likelihood of reporting good and very good health and mental well-being decreases.

This research focuses around the attacks of religious groups in the face of neo-Pentecostal religions african - Brazilian Umbanda and Candomble, in urban areas of Rio de Janeiro , from a geographical analysis. Actions of religious intolerance, guided Eurocentric values, prevent the manifestations of worship and african - religious as well as prevent the trajectory of socio fans of african - Brazilian religions and undermine the religious freedom of these religions , for threatening, assaulting and demonizarem the deities of african - Brazilian religions. Thus, we present the spatiality of everyday practices of the religious symbolic system african -Brazilian, which correspond to an element of identity, because it is in space that are configured forms and own shares of the social group or individual, contributing to a reading of meanings. For this it is necessary to analyze the contexts of racial and religious interactions, marked by horizontality and verticality, take a reading on the spatial embodiment of the victims of religious intolerance is to highlight the religious differences between Christians and adherents of neo-Pentecostal african - Brazilian religions, between epistemology white and the other black, and Phenomenology and concepts of Geography of Religion in providing theoretical framework to analyze and interpret the world of experience, action and values of the signs, the relationship of humans with the world and the human being with other in the world and the spatial distribution of religious phenomena. In order to illuminate these theories, we bring summaries of cases brought to the attention of the CCIR - Commission for Combating Religious Intolerance and were attended by Human Rights Organization - Legal Project, in the years 2008-2010. There are few contributions to geographical studies which allow a methodological foundation, about the Geography of Religion on conflicts arising from interactions between different religious systems, and on this ongoing project of religious homogenization that neopentencostais are imposing to each and all. The dissertation shows that systems of concrete manifestations of different religious phenomena collide in material space and compete faithful, and aims to address disputes occur as spatial dispersion of religious meanings and Neopentecostais Matrix African Religions in urban space in Rio de Janeiro. What are the consequences of these disputes? By giving visibility to academic actions which are based on these issues, we removed the african - Brazilian religion of locus of subordination, bringing the center of the debate and thereby strengthening the democratic system of law and the actions to combat religious intolerance of the CCIR. / A presente pesquisa centra-se em torno dos ataques dos grupos religiosos neopentecostais frente às religiões afro-brasileiras, Umbanda e Candomblé, no espaço urbano do Rio de Janeiro, a partir de uma análise geográfica. Ações de intolerância religiosa, pautadas nos valores eurocêntricos, impedem a realização dos cultos e manifestações afro-religiosas, bem como impedem a trajetória socioespacial dos adeptos das religiões afro-brasileiras e atentam contra a liberdade religiosa destas religiões, por ameaçarem, agredirem e demonizarem as divindades das religiões afro-brasileiras. Desta forma, apresentaremos as espacialidades das práticas cotidianas do sistema simbólico religioso afro-brasileiro, que correspondem a um elemento identitário, pois é no espaço que se configuram formas e ações próprias do grupo social ou do indivíduo, contribuindo para uma leitura de significados. Para tal, é necessário analisar os contextos de interações raciais e religiosas, marcadas por horizontalidades e verticalidades, fazer uma leitura sobre a corporeidade espacial das vítimas de intolerância religiosa é evidenciar as diferenças religiosas entre cristãos neopentecostais e adeptos das religiões afro-brasileiras, entre uma epistemologia branca e outra negra, e a Fenomenologia e os conceitos da Geografia da Religião nos fornecem aportes teóricos para analisar e interpretar o mundo da experiência, a ação e os valores dos signos, a relação do ser humano com o mundo e do ser humano com o outro no mundo e a espacialização dos fenômenos religiosos. A fim de iluminar tais teorias, trazemos resumos de casos que chegaram ao conhecimento da CCIR - Comissão de Combate à Intolerância Religiosa e foram atendidos pela Organização de Direitos Humanos - Projeto Legal, nos anos de 2008 a 2010. Há poucas contribuições de estudos geográficos que permitem uma fundamentação metodológica, a respeito da Geografia da Religião sobre os conflitos decorrentes das interações entre os diferentes sistemas religiosos, e sobre este projeto em curso de homogeneização religiosa que os neopentencostais estão impondo a todos e a todas. A dissertação apresenta que os sistemas de manifestações concretas de fenômenos religiosos diferentes se chocam no espaço material e disputam fiéis, e visa responder como ocorrem as disputas espaciais de dispersão das significações religiosas de Neopentecostais e Religiões de Matriz Africanas, no espaço urbano do Rio de Janeiro. Quais as consequências destas disputas? Ao darmos visibilidade acadêmica às ações que se pautam nestas questões, retiramos a religiosidade afro-brasileira do lócus da subalternidade, trazendo para o centro do debate e assim fortalecendo o sistema democrático de direito e às ações de enfrentamento à intolerância religiosa da CCIR.

Every society consists of two main parts: ingroup (“ours”) and outgroup (“other”). The values of these groups are different and it causes the antithesis exits between these groups. It can develop into the intolerance towards the opposite group. The ingroup has a tendency to overestimate itself while the outgroup is underestimated. Such situation has a tendency to instigate the formation of the stereotypes of the outgroup. Sometimes some qualities of outgroup can be related with crimes in the eyes of ingroup members. One can distinguish two main types of the outgroups in the society of Grand Duchy of Lithuania of the 17th century. The first group can be defined as infidels (Jewry, the Protestants, etc.) and the second – witches. Jewry became the out group because of the religious differences, traditions and behaviour features, etc. The intolerance towards the Jewry had could be stimulated by the existing economic competition. Usually the Jews had been blamed on economical crimes and swindles. Later the character of the accusations for the Jews had transformed. The image of swindling Jew had changed into the image of malevolent Jew, who harms To Christians purposely. The Jewry has been blamed having aim to pauperize the Christians. Later they had been blamed for beeing wishful to damage the Christian religion and to scorn it. Also the Jews had been accused for doing sacriledges, scorning the sacramental objects, stealing crucifixes, etc. Eventually the image of malevolent Jewry... [to full text]

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2017-04-27T11:58:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 WESLEY DOS SANTOS RIBEIRO.pdf: 2389154 bytes, checksum: 29a9a6620f15d8ee8603e365a9306ec3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-27T11:58:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WESLEY DOS SANTOS RIBEIRO.pdf: 2389154 bytes, checksum: 29a9a6620f15d8ee8603e365a9306ec3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-03 / The present study takes an approach of scientific analysis of the relation between religion and violence in Brazil, considering as religious intolerance several behaviors aggressive to the manifestation of faith of the Other. Tolerance and intolerance are studied in the conception of science. The general objective investigates the characteristics of religious intolerance through socio-cultural formation. The specific objectives seek to measure the importance of cultural identity in the religious conception; To approach the historical events of the Portuguese, Indian and African religious traditions, showing their religious influences in the violent practices against the Other, in the present time; Interpret the Brazilian religious syncretism; To focus on the practice of religious intolerance tending to develop violence. It is observed that religious violence has been marked in all cultures, presenting expiatory victims, extremists of fundamentalists, among others. Intolerance, prejudice and discrimination can be pointed out in many expressions and actions of people or groups who say they are based on dogmas. Persecutions, demonization of rituals and other are seen as signs of intolerance. Religious intolerance has repercussions in different social and religious segments, being revealed in the events that promote it. Overcoming intolerance is a sign that there is the promotion of tolerance. Religious faith is free, protected by laws. Diversities and social, cultural and religious divergences are examples of democracy and freedom of expression in the country. / O presente estudo faz uma abordagem de análise científica da relação entre religião e violência no Brasil, considerando como intolerância religiosa diversos comportamentos agressivos à manifestação de fé do Outro. A tolerância e a intolerância são estudadas na concepção da ciência. O objetivo geral investiga as características da intolerância religiosa pela formação sociocultural. Os objetivos específicos buscam dimensionar a importância da identidade cultural na concepção religiosa; abordar os acontecimentos históricos das tradições religiosas portuguesas, indígenas e africanas, mostrando suas influências de religiosidade nas práticas violentas contra o Outro, na atualidade; interpretar o sincretismo religioso brasileiro; enfocar a prática de intolerância religiosa tendente a desenvolver a violência. Constata-se que a violência religiosa tem sido marcante em todas as culturas, apresentando vítimas expiatórias, extremismos de fundamentalistas, entre outros. A intolerância, o preconceito e a discriminação podem ser apontados em muitas expressões e ações de pessoas ou grupos que dizem estar embasados em dogmas. As perseguições, a demonização de rituais e outra são vistos como sinais de intolerância. A intolerância religiosa repercute em diferentes seguimentos sociais e religiosos, sendo revelada nos acontecimentos que a promove. Superar a intolerância é sinal de que há a promoção da tolerância. A fé religiosa é livre, resguardada por leis. As diversidades e as divergências sociais, culturais e religiosas são mostras da democracia e da liberdade de expressão no País.

This dissertation investigates the historical knowledge of the idea/practice of Ottoman toleration/intolerance, in terms of a conceptual-theoretical framework and methodology derived from philosophical theories of toleration, theories of religious toleration of Western historiography and critical theories of toleration, which are in turn revised and reformulated according to &ldquo / way of reasoning&rdquo / of the Ottomans. The objective of deriving a conceptual-theoretical framework is related with the attempt to clarify different linguistic uses of the toleration, the semantics of the concept and presenting circumstances, requirements, levels, degrees and forms of the category. Methodologically, the objective is to abolish the hierarchy between k&acirc / fir (infidel) and zind&icirc / k/ilh&acirc / d (heretic) in terms of identification of subjects of toleration/intolerance in the Ottoman Empire. In order to apply this conceptual-theoretical framework and methodology concerning the idea/practice of toleration, this study focuses on the sixteenth-century Ottoman Empire, particularly its laws (firmans, fetv&acirc / , Ottoman criminal law) and its conception of justice, which is conceptualized as the most important requirement of toleration. The objective is to argue how justice primarily regulated society in order to sustain public order and to v prevent political and economic instability. The idea/practice of toleration/intolerance, in this sense, is discussed as the policy that was incorporated into the discourse of the Ottoman Empire to the extent that it contributed to the regulation objective of justice as the art of government, which was pragmatic and prudent in essence. In accordance with this framework, the idea/practice of tolerance in the sixteenth-century Ottoman Empire is conceptualized as contemptuous tolerance, followed by the analysis of its laws. Intolerance, on the other hand, is named as punitive intolerance which aims for either the reform or the incapacitation of the heretics and infidels in the Ottoman lands.