A internacionalização de um estudante de graduação traz benefícios como o contato com uma nova cultura, relações sociais e educacionais. O indivíduo torna-se confiante, criativo e aberto, características valorizadas no ambiente profissional futuro. Alunos das áreas de saúde, podem ainda ter contato com exames físicos, patologias, valores éticos, modelos de sistemas de saúde e relação profissional de saúdepaciente de outros países, ampliando seu conhecimento. A universidade também se beneficia com a internacionalização, pois tem o reconhecimento e perspectivas internacionais aumentados e a colaboração potencial de membros de universidades internacionais em trabalhos científicos. Apesar de grande parte dos alunos terem interesse em participar de um programa de intercâmbio, dificuldade com financiamentos dos custos, como viagem e estadia, e as barreiras relativas à língua perpassam o caminho. Com isso, o objetivo do trabalho é compreender a motivação para a participação e a experiência do intercâmbio internacional de estudantes universitários dos cursos na área da saúde. O projeto foi dividido em três etapas: preenchimento de questionário eletrônico, diagnóstico do intercâmbio e entrevista fenomenológica. Com base nos resultados apresentados neste estudo, podemos concluir que os de estudantes universitários dos cursos na área da saúde foram motivados a participar da experiência de intercâmbio internacional pela disponibilidade de recursos financeiros como bolsas de estudos e estão positivamente satisfeitos com experiência. As motivações dos estudantes de nutrição são derivadas das oportunidades que são apresentadas aos mesmos. Porém o processo tem suas \"dores\" que os fazem questionar a decisão de ir. Durante a experiência, os sujeitos da pesquisa viveram interações sociais formadoras do indivíduo pós-experiência, tiveram uma oportunidade olhar para o Brasil com outros olhos valorizando suas universidades, políticas e conhecendo a cultura de outros estados, fizeram uma imersão cultural que trouxe noções práticas de conteúdos que já haviam sido abordados em sua universidade brasileira, independência, tolerância e respeito à cultura de outros países e por fim reconheceram-se como novos seres dignos de serem exemplos para eles mesmos em momentos de desafios. Devemos considerar que futuros editais tenham um processo de exposição mais detalhada dos objetivoscom o acompanhamento dos estudantes no exterior para que o dinheiro público o seja melhor investido / The internationalization of a graduate student brings benefits such as contact with a new culture, social and educational relationships. The individual becomes confident, creative and open, valued features in the future professional environment. Students of health areas can also have contact with physical exams, pathologies, ethical values, models of health systems and professional relationship of health-patient of other countries, increasing their knowledge. The university also benefits from internationalization, as it increases international recognition and perspectives and the potential collaboration of members of international universities in scientific work. Although most students have an interest in participating in an exchange program, difficulty with cost financing, such as travel and accommodation, and language barriers are on the way. Therefore, the objective of the work is to understand the motivation for the participation and the experience of the international exchange of university students of the courses in the health area. Three stages constitutes the project: electronic questionnaire, exchange program diagnosis and phenomenological interview. Based on the results presented in this study, we can conclude that students from health courses were motivated to participate in the international exchange experience because of the availability of financial resources as scholarships and are positively satisfied with the experience. The motivations of nutrition students are results of the opportunities presented to them. However, the process has its \"sorrows\" that make them question the decision to go. During the experience, the subjects of the research lived social interactions forming an individual post-experience. They had an opportunity to look at Brazil with other eyes valuing their universities, policies and knowing the culture of other states. They also made a cultural immersion that brought practical notions of content that had already been addressed in their Brazilian university, independence, tolerance and respect for the culture of other countries and finally recognized themselves as new beings worthy of being examples for themselves in times of challenges. We must consider that future exchange programs should have a more detailed process of exposition of its objectives with the accompaniment of the students abroad so that the public money would be better invested

This study explores the relationship of entrepreneurial orientation and dynamic capabilities as organizations grow beyond country borders and into international markets. Through an extensive literature review of internationalization, entrepreneurial orientation and dynamic capabilities, a theoretical framework is developed that allow us to answer our research question. The study takes an abductive, comparative case study approach and is conducted on three Swedish SMEs in regard to their internationalization activites related to South Korea. The study proposes that there is an area in research that still contain a high degree of ambiguity which makes an understanding of the relationship between these two constructs difficult to define. The study’s findings report that the two constructs have complementary narratives of the same phenomenon which concedes a variety of possible relationships. The study then argues in support and rebuttal of five propositions of relationships.

The purpose of this thesis was to investigate how Swedish firm operating on the Japanese market can achieve legitimacy in consideration to the cultural context. The thesis has an exploratory purpose where the methodology was based on a qualitative method with and inductive approach. The thesis conducted a multiple case study through semi-structured interviews. The theoretical framework provides the reader with relevant concepts regarding external and internal factors influencing legitimacy. A conceptual framework was developed in order to connect the theoretical concepts with each other. Through interviews with Swedish firms established on the Japanese market empirical data was collected. The analysis chapter thereafter discusses the similarities and differences between the theoretical concepts and the empirical data. The findings of the study reveal that there are many differences in conducting business in Japan compared to Sweden, and that Swedish firms have to adapt accordingly. The thesis concludes that there are several indications of activities that can be connected towards achieving legitimacy on the Japanese market. By understand the cultural differences and accustom the Swedish firms’ business practices to align with Japanese firms, relationships and networks can be strengthened and further result in achieving legitimacy on the Japanese market.

Background: Increased competition and fast-changing and global markets are the major characteristics of today’s business environment. Family firms need to adapt to these changes and more often pursue an international expansion themselves to remain competitive. The concept of dynamic capabilities has been developed to explain how businesses can react to changes in the environment to sustain a competitive advantage. The internationalization of a family firm can be such a change in the environment  Purpose:The purpose of this study is to analyze the internationalization of family firms through the lens of dynamic capabilities.  Method: We use a qualitative case study design with four cases representing four family firms that have gone through an international expansion. Through semi-structured interviews we extract the data from the family firms. We develop a framework out of the literature as a basis for the analysis and present a revised framework with the results of the study.  Conclusion:The analysis shows there are certain capabilities that help family firms in the internationalization process. Sensing capabilities include network and market scanning capabilities and assist family firms with finding new opportunities in foreign markets. Seizing capabilities include decision-making and managerial capabilities and are used to adjust the resource base to exploit the prior sensed opportunities. Lastly, with transforming capabilities, which consist of entrepreneurial and learning/knowledge capabilities, family firms can continuously reconfigure their resources to improve processes and structures towards the new international environment. Various aspects of familiness influence the development of these dynamic capabilities

Background: Due to a series of financial crisis and political turbulence, a share of international economic activities has been decreased which results in the emergence of deglobalization trend. For those emerging Asian market SMEs, they are more likely to be influenced by this context because of the left impact of bureaucracy in Asian markets and lack of sufficient resources to overcome the challenges compared with MNCs. Purpose: The purpose of this research is investigating the specific challenges appearing in the deglobalization trend and importance and impacts of networks in the internationalization process of emerging Asian market SMEs under this specific trend. Method: This research follows the philosophy of interpretivism, correspondingly, the inductive research approach is appropriate for this paper to apply to refine existing theory. Qualitative research strategy approach is adapted to understand the meaning and impact of network for SMEs under deglobalization trend through multiple case study. Conclusion: The following four impacts networks have on Asian SMEs become more prominent and pivotal to assist SMEs overcome deglobalization challenges: 1) information communication, 2) access to new customer, 3) cost reduction and 4) reliable support.

No description available.

Neste estudo combinam-se dois temas relevantes e atuais: a internacionalização de empresas e a gestão de marcas. A necessidade de inserção do Brasil no mercado global para o crescimento do país já é quase um consenso e cresce o número de empresas que buscam essa inserção de forma estruturada. Contudo, ainda há um longo caminho a ser percorrido para que o país, por meio de suas empresas, aumente sua participação nas transações internacionais. A fim de crescer e obter melhores resultados, empresas decidem competir no mercado internacional, agregando valor a suas ofertas por meio da construção e da gestão de marcas. Porém, as empresas brasileiras encontram-se, ainda, em estágio quase embrionário no cenário global e essas situação se reflete na academia, embora na última década tenha sido crescente a quantidade de estudos. Nessa tese, o objetivo foi analisar o processo de construção e de gestão de marcas no âmbito da estratégia de internacionalização e inserção de empresas no mundo globalizado. Para a sua consecução, foi utilizada uma fundamentação teórica sobre os assuntos pertinentes aos temas estudados, e, posteriormente, conduziu-se uma pesquisa empírica, qualitativa e de caráter exploratório. Para a coleta de dados, foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade com representantes de dez organizações franqueadoras brasileiras que se internacionalizaram, as quais fazem parte da Associação Brasileira de Franchising (ABF): Bobs, Cantão, Carmen Steffens, CCAA, Fisk, Mundo Verde, O Boticário, Spoleto, Totvs e Via Uno. Como procedimento analítico, adotou-se a análise de conteúdo. Foram analisados os seguintes elementos: i) processo de internacionalização das empresas, incluindo as motivações para a internacionalização, os modos de entrada selecionados e as dificuldades encontradas nesse processo; ii) utilização de marcas na estratégia de internacionalização de empresas brasileiras e modo como são gerenciadas no exterior; iii) pontos críticos do esforço de desenvolvimento das marcas brasileiras no exterior; iv) utilização da marca de origem nos processos de internacionalização de empresas brasileiras; v) associações feitas pelos consumidores locais em decorrência da utilização da marca de origem na construção de marcas de empresas ou produtos brasileiros no exterior. Os resultados da pesquisa de campo foram analisados à luz do referencial teórico e foi proposta uma sistematização do processo de construção e de gestão de marcas na estratégia de internacionalização de empresas. Em termos teóricos, a contribuição da tese está no estabelecimento de um elo entre as teorias de internacionalização de empresas e de gestão de marcas, discutindo-se os temas no contexto brasileiro. Com este estudo, visou-se contribuir para a ampliação da compreensão de que a gestão de marcas é um fator vital na escolha e no desenvolvimento da estratégia de internacionalização de empresas, fornecendo uma sistematização das práticas de gestão de marcas mais produtivas para a inserção de empresas brasileiras no mundo globalizado. / This study combines two relevant and up-to-date subjects: internationalization of firms and brand management. The need for Brazil to become a true global player is almost consensus, and the number of Brazilian companies entering the global marketplace in a structured way has increased. However, there is still a long way to go before the country increases its participation in the international transactions by means of its companies. With the purpose of growing and obtaining better results, companies choose to compete in the international market, adding value to their offers through brand building and management. Nevertheless, Brazilian companies are still at an embryonic stage in the global scenario and this situation is reflected in the academy, although the amount of research has grown in the last decade. The purpose of the thesis was to analyze the brand building and management process in the scope of the strategy of internationalization and insertion of companies in the globalized world. For such a purpose, firstly it was developed a theoretical basis pertaining to the subjects at hand and, afterwards, an empirical, qualitative and exploratory research was carried out. The data were collected from in depth interviews with the representatives of ten Brazilian franchisors that became international, which are associated to the Brazilian Association of Franchising (ABF): Bobs, Cantão, Carmen Steffens, CCAA, Fisk, Mundo Verde, O Boticário, Spoleto, Totvs and Via Uno. The analytical procedure adopted was the content analysis. The following elements were analyzed at the research: i) the process of internationalization of the firms, including the reasons for the internationalization, the modes of entry and the difficulties experienced in this process; ii) the use of brands in the strategy of internationalization of the Brazilian companies and how they are managed overseas; iii) the critical aspects of the effort of development of the Brazilian brands overseas; iv) the use of brand origin in the processes of internationalization of the Brazilian companies; v) the associations made by local consumers as a result of the use of brand origin in the building of Brazilian product or corporate brands overseas. The results of the field research were analyzed in the light of the theoretical reference, and a systematization of the brand building and management process in the internationalization strategy of firms was suggested. In theoretical terms, the thesis contributes by establishing a link between the theories of internationalization of firms and brand management, discussing the subjects in the Brazilian context. The study aims at contributing to an increase in the understanding that brand management is essential to choose and develop the internationalization strategy of firms, providing a systematization of the most productive brand management practices for Brazilian companies to become global players.

O consumo, em sua visão mais simplista, representa a busca pelo conforto, prazer e segurança. As marcas são atores fundamentais neste processo, pois assumem o papel de identificação e diferenciação de produtos, auxiliando o consumidor no momento da decisão de compra, ajudando-o a escolher e reduzindo-se a insegurança gerada no momento de se optar por uma marca em detrimento de outra. Portanto, a gestão de marcas, ou branding, possui importância inquestionável no marketing das organizações, desde a concepção e o desenvolvimento de um produto até as estratégias de comunicação deste. Após a globalização, o mundo passou a sofrer um processo de perda de fronteiras geográficas e, em certo sentido, culturais, o que implicou em novos rumos para praticamente todos os negócios. Como resultado, um dos principais desafios da globalização para as empresas envolve a decisão sobre o posicionamento de suas marcas em mercados externos, atendendo, ao mesmo tempo, as diferenças culturais inerentes a cada região, sem, no entanto, descaracterizar a identidade essencial da marca. Portanto, o presente trabalho objetiva analisar o posicionamento internacional de marcas de serviços sob o enfoque das divergências culturais locais. Para o alcance do objetivo proposto realizou-se a revisão da literatura relativa ao tema de gestão de marcas, posicionamento internacional e cultura. Como esta revisão não foi suficiente para responder ao problema da tese, fez-se necessária a realização de uma pesquisa de campo, de natureza exploratória e qualitativa, com utilização do método do estudo de caso. O setor bancário foi escolhido para a pesquisa de campo, feita por meio da realização de dois estudos de caso relativos aos bancos Itaú e Santander. Objetivou-se conhecer como um banco brasileiro (Itaú) procedeu em seu processo de internacionalização da marca em países estrangeiros, e, por outro lado, compreender também como um banco estrangeiro (Santander) implementou suas operações no Brasil, com enfoque na gestão de sua marca à luz dos aspectos culturais brasileiros. A análise dos resultados foi feita primeiramente de forma individual para cada caso e, posteriormente, de forma comparativa, à luz do embasamento teórico previamente realizado. Os resultados da tese indicam que é possível, para as organizações, internacionalizarem suas marcas de maneira adaptativa ao ambiente cultural distinto sem, no entanto, descaracterizarem suas essências e identidades nucleares. / Consumption, concisely, represents the pursuit of comfort, pleasure and security. Brands act as essential clues in this process, through the identification and differentiation of products, helping the consumer choose throughout the buying decision process, and making it more comfortable for them, decreasing the insecurity sensation that results from the option for a brand to the detriment of others. Therefore, the brand management, or branding, has unquestionable importance in the context of marketing in organizations, from the conception and development of a product to its communication strategies. After globalization, the world has faced a process of losing its geographic and, to a certain extent, cultural boundaries, implying new ways of making business in almost every market segment. As a result, one of the main globalization challenges for the companies involve all the decisions about positioning of brands in foreign markets, simultaneously corresponding to cultural differences intrinsic to each country, without losing the essential identity of the brand. Therefore, the present thesis aimed to analyze the international positioning of service brands within the context of local cultural divergences. For such a purpose, a theoretical review was carried out, referred to the subject of brand management, international positioning and culture. Once this review was not sufficient to answer the problem of the thesis, a field work was necessary, through an exploratory and qualitative research, using the method of case study. The banking segment was chosen for the investigation, through studying the cases of Itaú Bank and Santander Bank. This phase of the work aimed to understand how a Brazilian bank (Itaú) developed its process of brand internationalization in foreign countries and, on the other side, how a foreign bank (Santander) developed its operations in Brazil, managing its brand in the Brazilian cultural context. The results of the field research were first analyzed individually for each case and, subsequently, in a comparative way, in the light of the theoretical reference. The results of this study indicate that it is possible, for companies, to internationalize their brands, suiting them to the new cultural context without losing their essences and core brand identities.

Thesis advisor: Philip G. Altbach / The purpose of this study is to examine the reasons why Japanese visiting scholars visited the United States, their activities and experiences during their visits, their challenges and support for their transition, and personal and contextual factors that affected their transition in different stages. Although short-term international scholar mobility has recently increased, there are few studies on the population of international visiting scholars. In addition, while there is an overall increase in the number of international scholars, the number of Japanese scholars is decreasing. This qualitative study explores the Japanese visiting scholars' experiences of transition by drawing upon Schlossberg's adult transition model (e.g., Anderson, Goodman, and Schlossberg, 2011). The findings show that the purpose of visit and activities during the visits varied by individuals, although most activities were individual and professional ones, such as conducting research, networking, and teaching. While the first-time visiting scholars engaged in English practice and observation of cultural differences, the scholars with family members reported social experiences through their children's schools. Several scholars worked on institutional relations during their visits. The challenges that the visiting scholars faced varied by the timing during their transition. Common challenges included finding opportunities at their home institutions, finding the host universities, setting up life in a new community, finding opportunities for interactions, and dealing with language and cultural issues. The expected challenges after their returning to home were mainly related to institutional arrangements and societal differences. The factors that influenced their transition included the arrangements at home and host institutions, academic fields, past American academic experiences, existing networks with Japanese and American colleagues, and their personalities. Recommendations are provided for American and Japanese universities, individual visiting scholars, and the Japanese government. As for implications from this study, since the Japanese visiting scholars mostly relied on their personal connections and previous experiences for transitions, in order to utilize international visiting scholars for short-term brain circulation, institutional and governmental support and policy arrangements need to be structured as a part of the initiative for the internationalization of higher education. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2014. / Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education. / Discipline: Educational Leadership and Higher Education.

A economia mundial tem passado por sucessivas transformações em direção à internacionalização da produção e mercados, em um movimento caracterizado pelo aumento da interdependência entre os países. Além da globalização, outra questão que tem tido atenção crescente ao longo das últimas décadas é a matriz energética mundial, fortemente baseada em combustíveis fósseis. Considerando-se a necessidade de repensar as fontes atuais de energia, tem-se discutido o desenvolvimento do mercado internacional de etanol, com a participação das exportações brasileiras e perspectivas de crescimento positivas. O mercado internacional de etanol, no entanto, tem apresentado instabilidades, tanto na oferta, quanto na demanda, estando altamente suscetível a crises econômicas. Assim, se definiu como problema de pesquisa da dissertação o caso de empresas que tiveram de estruturar suas estratégias de internacionalização como resposta às mudanças desse ambiente. Para estudar o fenômeno, optou-se por realizar uma pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória, utilizando o método de estudos de casos múltiplos no setor durante a década de 2000 a 2010. Foram selecionados os casos das empresas Açúcar Guarani e Cosan, tendo em vista sua relevância para o setor em termos de faturamento de sua divisão de etanol e presença de atividade internacional. Pôde-se constatar que a internacionalização dos casos ainda é pouco evoluída, uma vez que as empresas baseiam sua entrada em mercados de destino principalmente em exportações, forma que não envolve o comprometimento significativo de recursos em países estrangeiros. Isso se deve ao fato de o Brasil possuir um mercado doméstico que absorve a maior parte da produção, bem como a falta de maturidade do mercado internacional atualmente. Embora o segmento ainda apresente perfil mais oportunístico, os principais grupos do setor têm direcionado esforços para fortalecer parcerias com outros competidores, que os permitiriam ampliar sua participação internacional no longo prazo. / The world economy has gone through successive transformations toward the internationalization of production and markets, in a movement characterized by the increase in the interdependence among countries. Besides globalization, another issue that has received attention nowadays is the world\'s energy matrix, based heavily on fossil fuels. Considering the need to rethink the current energy sources, has discussed the development of the international ethanol market, with the participation of Brazilian exports and positive growth prospects. The international market for ethanol, however, has showed great turbulences, regarding both the demand and the supply levels. Considering this context, the problem defined for this research is the way in which ethanol producers in Brazil had restructured their internationalization strategies in order to adapt to their organizational environment. To study this phenomenon, the author chose to conduct a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory research, using the method of multiple case studies in the sector during the decade from 2000 to 2010. The cases selected were the companies Cosan and Açúcar Guarani, in view of their relevance to the industry in terms of sales of its division of ethanol and the presence of international activity. It was found that the internationalization of cases is still not considered mature since firms base their entry modes in other countries on exports, so that does not involve the commitment of significant resources in foreign countries. This is due to the fact that Brazil has a domestic market that absorbs most of the production as well as the lack of maturity in the international market today. Although the segment still presents an opportunistic profile, the major industry groups have directed efforts to strengthen partnerships with other competitors, which make it possible for them to expand its international participation in the long term.