This thesis explores the major themes of William Cullen Bryant's poetry. Chapter II focuses on Bryant's poetic theory and secondary criticism of his theory. Chapter III addresses Bryant's religious beliefs, including death and immortality of the soul, and shows how these beliefs are illustrated by his poetry. A discussion of the American Indian is the subject of Chapter IV, concentrating on Bryant's use of the Indian as a Romantic ideal as well as his more realistic treatment of the Indian in The New York Evening Post. Chapter V, the keystone chapter, discusses Bryant's scientific knowledge and poetic use of natural phenomena. Bryant's religious beliefs and his belief in nature as a teacher are also covered in this chapter.

The Poetic Process is a creative thesis analyzing the use of different poetic forms but focuses more on the application of them through a series of creative work.

The present academic studies on Wang Wei usually focus on his landscape poems and claim that these landscape poems imply Buddhism. Their methods usually analyze Wang Wei’s Buddhist tendencies from his life experience. But it needs more textual analysis to prove that the relationship between his poem and Buddhism. The Introduction section provides the relationship between the Buddhist principles and Wang Wei’s Buddhist poems. The Buddhist principles were figuratively represented in Wang Wei’s poems by describing certain images from Buddhist Sutras. Chapter 1 presents the analysis of the couplets of each Buddhist poem through their connection to Buddhist doctrines. Chapter 2 summarizes the characteristics of Wang Wei’s Buddhist poems and emphasizes the use of Buddhist philosophy as a poetic image.

La question du croisement entre pratique et réflexion sur la pratique se trouve actuellement au centre de l’analyse théâtrale. Pour l’étudier, il est important de souligner que la réflexion que les artistes peuvent développer sur leur œuvre ne ferme en aucune manière le sens de l’œuvre en soi. Tout matériel scénique possède une pensée qui lui est inhérente, c’est pourquoi ces réflexions (de l’artiste sur son œuvre et de l’œuvre en tant que telle) cohabitent avec d’autres (celles que peuvent apporter les critiques, les chercheurs, les historiens etc.). Pour cette présente recherche, nous prétendons mettre au centre la réflexion des artistes quant à leurs pratiques car nous considérons que, dans de nombreux cas, ces réflexions sont de réelles théories non formalisées. Nous considérons comme clé le fait de hiérarchiser cette pensée et lui donner un espace spécifique, en prenant en compte que pour le réaliser, il n’en suffit pas seulement de le transcrire mais de le systématiser et pour cela, il est nécessaire que nous puissions avoir des catégories qui soient externes à celui-ci. En suivant cette méthode, nous prétendons échapper aux deux espaces traditionnels dans lesquels se situent habituellement les chercheurs ou les critiques pour travailler avec la matérialité réflexive de l’artiste : ceux qui croient que ce que dit l’artiste est une vérité définitive et ceux qui oublient cet apport car le considèrent comme une médiation inutile entre sa production critique et l’œuvre en soi.L’intention du présent travail sera donc de favoriser un développement théorique qui contemple ces théories et ces cadres d’articulation avec ce que nous avons trouvé au cours de notre parcours et qui, en association avec nos propres concepts, activent un espace de réflexion à partir de la confrontation avec le théâtre de Buenos Aires, duquel nous provenons. / The idea from where we start our research for this dissertation is that there is a strong thinking in Argentine scenic tradition that theory emerges from a reflexive scenic practice (and in most cases not in a systematic manner.) This phenomenon we analyze in several case studies becomes visible through the theoretical problematization of three thematic axes (poetic creed, poetic subjectivity and resistance.) To do so, we take a group we acknowledge as national renowned artists in the field of thought generation about acting practices, considering those practices as a liaison between body and resistance. We intend to work on a certain discursive materiality, focusing on the theory that is generated specially from the scenic practice. By doing it -and through the study of six case studies: Alberto Ure, Eduardo Pavlovsky, Ricardo Bartís, Alejandro Catalán, Bernardo Cappa and Analía Couceyro- we aim to stress that the thought generation about acting practices in Argentine Theater is in force for several years. / Para esta investigación de tesis partimos de la idea de que en la tradición teatral argentina hay un profuso pensamiento emanado de la práctica escénica que puede ser concebido en términos de teoría (en la mayoría de los casos no sistemática). Es desde la problematización teórica de tres ejes (credo poético, subjetividad poética y resistencia) que este fenómeno que analizamos en diversos casos testigo se vuelve visible: nos referimos puntualmente a un grupo de artistas que pensamos como referentes nacionales en lo que a reflexión acerca de la praxis de actuación respecta y que tienden a concebir esa praxis como confluencia entre cuerpo y resistencia. Se pretende trabajar sobre determinadas materialidades discursivas, haciendo foco especialmente en el pensamiento que se produce desde la escena. Al hacerlo, buscaremos evidenciar, a través del estudio de seis casos ejemplares (Alberto Ure, Eduardo Pavlovsky, Ricardo Bartís, Alejandro Catalán, Bernardo Cappa y Analía Couceyro) que la reflexión en torno a las prácticas de actuación en el teatro argentino está vigente desde hace años.

In recent years, a new poetry genre has emerged, currently known as Instapoetry, and its chief practitioners are often young females (Pâquet 2019). Instapoetry has many characteristics influenced by the nature of the Instagram platform on which it is published, such as its brevity and its inclusion of visual effects with the text. However, its resemblance and links to older forms of modernist and post-modernist poetry are undeniable; such as its use of symbolism, expressionism, its move away from tradition, and its sense of activism. The “retrofitting” (Chasar 2020) of modernist poetic themes and formats for a digital medium opens up new possibilities for new ways of thinking. I suggest that this new format which can be seen as restrictive, allows for an opening and for new modes of subjectivity. Instapoetry engages feelings and ideas through an inclusive approach and that is essentially what gives it its potential as an activist and educational facility. Through its penchant for activism, Instapoetry engages in a metamodernist global consciousness shift, which Luke Turner defines as a move away beyond postmodernism and an “emergence of a palpable collective desire for change” (Turner 2015).  Female Instapoets often employ nature motifs in their Instapoetry, however, the nature motif is portrayed as something that connects, contrary to the restrictive sense often applied by patriarchal systems. In order to break away from a simplistic reading of Instapoetry as a poetic genre completely closed in by algorithms and word limits and to show the openings that this poetic genre allows, I suggest a new name “Digital Media Ecofeminist Poetry.” I attempt a qualitative methodology, through close reading of various Instapoems by female Instapoets, to demonstrate their nuanced use of form, language, and visuality and I examine the ways in which the digital medium influences this new form of poetry.

This essay analyses a selection of poems written by the American poet Emily Dickinson. The essay aims to explore the function of the meter in Emily Dickinson’s poetry. Earlier studies have combined Emily Dickinson’s poetry with meter, but the research of metrical pattern and form has not been sufficient enough to show Emily Dickinson’s full potential with the different meters. The purpose of this essay is to analyse how the metrical patterns are used by the poet as metrical strategies to impact the reader’s perception. One assumption is that structure and form are fundamental to her writing style. It justifies the reading of her poetry in relation to meter. The main focus was the physical structures of the poems, such as line length, metrical patterns, and systematic rhymes. The second most important aim was to analyse her other poetic devices, such as dashes and capitalizations. The findings were analysed together with the vocabulary and figurative language. The analysis shows Emily Dickinson’s poetic artistry in meter and rhyme and clarifies how she creates poetry with lyrical qualities. The result is important because it also shows that she can create poetry with metrical patterns, without in that sense being bound to meter.

In this essay I study the link between the epistolary relationship between Ernestina de Champourcin and Carmen Conde and their simultaneous poetic production. In the light of the concept of a room of one's own as a essential and necessary space for creative writing elaborated by Virginia Woolf's eponymous book, I argue that, the epistolary discourse functions as a room of one's own where both poets try to attain an aesthetic authenticity that was limited by patriarchal society at the beginning of the 20th century in Spain. The presence of the interlocutor, the doubling of the poetic voice, and the metapoetic poems converge in our responsibility as critics to place the poets epistolary at the forefront, since this is used as a workshop and a free space for the development of the poets' aesthetics.

How She Sleeps at Night is a collection of lyric poetry constellated around experiences of disability, trauma, and womanhood. A critical essay introduces the collection by elucidating the experiences and theoretical underpinnings that shaped the body of these poems. The introductory essay distills the principles that informed my cardinal poetic goals as I wrote: to create poems that can be read again and again over a lifetime, which connect with readers' common humanity, and which acknowledge the nuances and complexities of being alive.

Scholars have long argued that the rhetorical concept of aemulatio best describes the tie between Milton’s Paradise Lost and Klopstock’s Messias. Against the backdrop of an emerging German national literature, Klopstock’s intention was not to merely imitate but to surpass his English predecessor. This view certainly has some merit, particularly since Klopstock himself alluded to this intention.However, crucial differences in aesthetics are obscured if the Messias is read in this sense. In order to challenge this common notion of the relationship betweenMilton and Klopstock, I analyze concepts of space and divine presence in both epic poems. I show how both Milton and Klopstock presented specific poetic solutions to problems in aesthetics and theology posed by their respective historical ‘situation’ (P. Tillich).

L'œuvre de Lorand Gaspar manifeste constamment le souci de proposer une approche poétique du fait de vivre fondée sur la non-discrimination, du corps aux idées, des cultures à la nature. L'objet de cette thèse est d'analyser les modalités de cette approche comme correspondant à un ensemble de relations, afin de dégager certains principes, poétiques mais aussi éthiques, en tant que cherchant à promouvoir une conception exigeante et heureuse de l'individu en prise avec le réel. Pour cela, une lecture des œuvres poétiques qui ont paru les plus représentatives a dans un premier temps été privilégiée, afin de dégager, par l'étude des textes, en particulier philologique, un cheminement de l'ensemble de l'œuvre comme mettant en place des représentations évolutives de l'existence. Ces représentations reposant sur des relations, entre le sujet locuteur, son environnement et des figures d'altérité, il a semblé dans un deuxième temps utile de revenir sur certaines relations particulières dans la pratique poétique elle-même, aux arts visuels, à des disciplines telles que les sciences naturelles, l'histoire de la médecine, l'histoire et l'ethnologie, enfin à d'autres poètes, notamment Georges Séféris et Rainer Maria Rilke. En s'attachant toujours à lire les textes dans leur détail, avec une attention particulière portée aux polysémies possibles et aux intertextes, ces lectures, s'appuyant sur certaines œuvres poétiques et récits, ont cherché à mettre en évidence les enjeux éthiques de la représentation des figures d'altérité. Enfin, un troisième volet de la réflexion, articulant la lecture philologique à une approche thématique, en examinant le traitement dans des œuvres de poésie et des essais de questions telles que la violence et le sens de l'histoire, l'Orient et ses habitants, et la poésie comme engagement humaniste, vise à étudier dans l'œuvre l'élaboration d'une éthique à la fois poétique et existentielle, et à souligner son importance dans des débats d'idée contemporains. / The work of Lorand Gaspar shows a constant concern about proposing a poetical approach of the fact of living founded on non-discrimination, from the body to ideas, from cultures to nature. The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze the modalities of this approach, in order to clarify some of its main principles, poetics but also ethics, as aiming to promote a both demanding and harmonious conception of the individual facing reality. For this, a reading of the poetic works which have seemed the most representatives has first been chosen, in order to identify, through the study of texts and especially philological study, a global progress of the work as performing dynamical representations of existence. Those representations being based on relations, between the subject, his environment and figures of otherness, it has seemed relevant, in a second time, to study more specific relations in the poetical practice itself, relations to the visual arts, to disciplines such as natural sciences, history of medicine, history and ethnology, and finally to other poets, particularly George Seferis and Rainer Maria Rilke. Always as much as possible focused on the detail of the texts, with a particular attention to the possible polysemies and intertexts, those readings, based on both poetical and narrative writings, have tended to highlight the ethical purpose of representing the otherness. Lastly, a third step of the reflection, joining the philological reading to a thematic approach, through a review of the treatment in some poetic writings and essays of questions such as violence and the meaning of history, Orient and its inhabitants, and poetry as a humanist commitment, aims to study in the work of Lorand Gaspar the process of an ethic both poetical and existential, and to point out its importance in contemporary debates.