The aim of this research is to understand how corruption affects the attraction of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). Studies of corruption and its relationship with FDI have yielded mixed results; some have found that corruption deters FDI others have found no relation between the two factors, while others have found a positive one. In order to further the knowledge of how corruption affects FDI this study argues that it is not only the level of corruption what might affect FDI but also the distance between host and home countries. This study presents two sections, the first one concentrates on a macroeconomic level analysis of corruption and how it affects FDI to Latin America. The second section analyses how corruption affects the decision-making process of allocating FDI to a highly corrupt host country at the firm-level. After controlling for institutional and transaction cost variables, results show that corruption distance has an asymmetrical impact. Host countries enjoying “positive” corruption distance compared with home countries as sources of FDI experience no significant increases or reductions in levels of inward FDI. However, “negative” corruption distance suffered by host countries is associated with significantly lower levels of inward FDI. Conversely, firms from home countries with high corruption are undeterred by high corruption in host countries. This study also analysed how corruption affected foreign investors at the firm level. To do so, this study researched the decision making process of allocating FDI into a highly corrupt host country. The results of the analysis show that corruption amongst bureaucrats, judges, and members of the government elite do not seem to have an impact on the decision making process of allocating FDI in the country because foreign investors are aware of the problem. However, firms from more corrupt countries seem to have an advantage when operating in a highly corrupt foreign location because they may possess knowledge of how to cope with the arbitrariness dimension of corruption. High corruption levels in the host country seem to have an effect on the entry mode utilised by firms from countries with lower levels of corruption. Based on the results presented on this study, MNEs from less corrupt countries might opt to enter a highly corrupt host country via wholly owned subsidiaries (WOS) rather than joint ventures (JVs). This might be explained by the fact that these investors prefer to have more control over their firms’ operations in a highly corrupt country. Also, these managers need to protect their image and not to be associated with local partners that are perceived as corrupt. Finally, even though this study found evidence that all firms operating in Guatemala might participate in corrupt deals, those headquartered in highly corrupt countries are more willing to do so. This claim is based on the fact that firms from less corrupt countries might face stronger pressures from their headquarters to not engage in corrupt deals, whereas firms from more corrupt countries might not encounter such pressures.

JEL Classification B22, C11, C23, D92, E22, O52 Keywords FDI, Financial crisis, EU, integration Author's e-mail v.korbelius@gmail.com Supervisor's e-mail jaromir.baxa@fsv.cuni.cz Our work analyses the determinants of FDI in Europe, at the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st century. It finds out that the FDI is positively and significantly influenced by the size of the economy (GDP, growth of GDP), total size of the labor force, openness of the economy and institutional framework. The findings show the EU accession does not have an immediate effect. However, long term membership might positively affect the FDI inflow. According to our analysis the recent financial crisis has changed the main determinants of the FDI inflows. It has warned the investors it is important not to consider only immediate profits but also future prospects. Generally the investment nowadays is below its potential level and the governments should take action to change it, if the FDI is their priority.

Student number : 0314533R MSc Project Report School of Mining Engineering Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment / Globalization has created investment opportunities for enterprises around the world. Attracting foreign investment into developing regions has been a key challenge in the strategies for economic growth and poverty reduction of developing countries. Overall, the results of foreign investment have been disappointing in some countries. Recent studies confirm that factors such as corruption, political instability, armed conflict, and other non-commercial risks have negatively impacted foreign direct investment inflows. However, there is renewed hope among government personnel that private investment can play an increasingly significant role in helping economic` growth. As host governments, international corporations, investment banks and multilateral insurance agencies learn from the mistakes of the past and commit themselves to improve the environment for business for mining industry, the prospect for the future brightens. Moreover, foreign investors are recognizing that if the host government can create a competitive environment, investments in developing countries have the potential to be highly profitable. It is hoped that this research effort will contribute in some way to better understand the inability of some countries to attract FDI. The current situation in developing countries is of particular relevance to the theme of this research project. The study compares non-commercial risk ratings for foreign direct investment inflows compiled for ten selected countries. The matrix provides a comparative assessment of noncommercial risk ratings, and highlights the importance of country risk and event risk as components of a composite risk rating.

Thesis advisor: Robert G. Murphy / Income inequality is an issue of moral, ethical, and economic concern. Disparity in levels of wealth and income in developing countries prevents poor individuals from enjoying the same opportunities as their wealthier counterparts, and hinders the prospects for future development. FDI is one among several possible culprits responsible for increasing income inequality. As a representative of foreign control and influence in developing economies, some countries are wary of FDI. On the other hand, FDI brings the promise of jobs, technology spillovers, foreign exchange, and economic growth. Previous studies have explored the effects of FDI on income inequality in developing countries, but they have all relied on FDI data that does not distinguish between direct investment destined for the primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors. This study uses sectorally disaggregated FDI data for a sample of developing countries over the years 1990-2005 in an attempt to discern whether sector-specific features play a role in affecting domestic income inequality. While this study fails to find the FDI variables significant, it does find much support for other possible causes of income inequality, such as population growth rate and levels of urbanization within a country. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2007. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: International Studies. / Discipline: College Honors Program.

Detta är en kandidatuppsats inom företagsekonomi med inriktning marknadsföring vid Handels- och IT-Högskolan i Borås. Denna studie är inriktad på hur internationella investerare inom kulturella och kreativa näringar attraheras till en stad. Kulturella och kreativa näringar skiljer sig från hur internationella investerare traditionellt attraheras till en stad. Vi har upptäckt ett glapp i litteraturen, att det inte finns modeller som är inriktade på att attrahera internationella investerare till kulturella och kreativa näringar. I studien används Stockholm Business Region Development som ett fall och studien utgår från deras arbetssätt med att attrahera investerare till staden. Studien baserades på två befintliga modeller för traditionell attraktion av investerare. De befintliga modellerna förändrades utifrån empiri samt litteratur kring varumärkesbyggande och kulturella och kreativa näringar. Resultatet blev en modell som vi tagit fram för att attrahera internationella investerare inom kulturella och kreativa näringar.

O presente trabalho analisa o investimento externo direto das empresas sul-coreanas no mundo, considerando que o IED é resultado e alimenta o processo de concentração e centralização do capital. Abrangendo um período de 1968 a 2010, a pesquisa aponta para mudanças no papel do Estado, na proporção e no portfólio do investimento, e nas regiões para as quais se destinam os investimentos.. Buscou-se periodizar o fenômeno conforme as alterações da estrutura normativa que institucionaliza e autoriza dos investimentos, considerando também as mudanças macroeconômicas e políticas de cada período. / This dissertation examines the foreign direct investment of South Korean companies in the world, considering that FDI is the result and feeds the process of concentration and centralization of capital. Spanning a period from 1968 to 2010, the research points to changes in the role of the state, in proportion and portfolio investment, and regions for which the investments went. We tried to periodize the phenomenon according to the regulatory framework that institutionalizes and authorizes the investment, considering also the macroeconomic changes and policies of each period.

O presente trabalho analisa o investimento externo direto das empresas sul-coreanas no mundo, considerando que o IED é resultado e alimenta o processo de concentração e centralização do capital. Abrangendo um período de 1968 a 2010, a pesquisa aponta para mudanças no papel do Estado, na proporção e no portfólio do investimento, e nas regiões para as quais se destinam os investimentos.. Buscou-se periodizar o fenômeno conforme as alterações da estrutura normativa que institucionaliza e autoriza dos investimentos, considerando também as mudanças macroeconômicas e políticas de cada período. / This dissertation examines the foreign direct investment of South Korean companies in the world, considering that FDI is the result and feeds the process of concentration and centralization of capital. Spanning a period from 1968 to 2010, the research points to changes in the role of the state, in proportion and portfolio investment, and regions for which the investments went. We tried to periodize the phenomenon according to the regulatory framework that institutionalizes and authorizes the investment, considering also the macroeconomic changes and policies of each period.

abstract: Energy management system (EMS) is at the heart of the operation and control of a modern electrical grid. Because of economic, safety, and security reasons, access to industrial grade EMS and real-world power system data is extremely limited. Therefore, the ability to simulate an EMS is invaluable in researching the EMS in normal and anomalous operating conditions. I first lay the groundwork for a basic EMS loop simulation in modern power grids and review a class of cybersecurity threats called false data injection (FDI) attacks. Then I propose a software architecture as the basis of software simulation of the EMS loop and explain an actual software platform built using the proposed architecture. I also explain in detail the power analysis libraries used for building the platform with examples and illustrations from the implemented application. Finally, I will use the platform to simulate FDI attacks on two synthetic power system test cases and analyze and visualize the consequences using the capabilities built into the platform. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Computer Science 2019

<p>Sedan 1990-talet har antalet regionala handelsavtal ökat kraftigt och världshandeln präglas</p><p>inte av den globala frihandel som WTO eftersträvar, utan snarare av handelssammanslutningar</p><p>med en stor aktör i centrum. Genom den så kallade Barcelonaprocessen har EU, ett</p><p>av de största naven i världshandeln, knutit bilaterala avtal med sina grannländer kring</p><p>Medelhavet och på så sätt gett upphov till ett struktur som kallas hub-and-spoke, nav-ocheker.</p><p>I denna uppsats utreds detta begrepp och de effekter som strukturen har på handel och</p><p>flödet av utländska direktinvesteringar. Vi ser tecken på att dessa flöden har ökat för Marocko</p><p>och Tunisien under de senaste åren och finner det troligt att effekterna blir ännu större i övriga Medelhavsländer</p>

<p>Jag har i denna uppsats undersökt hur inflödet av utländska direktinvesteringar (FDI) till Thailand har påverkats av instabiliteten i landet under tidsperioden 1980 till 2005. Som mått på instabilitet har jag framförallt använt mig utav kreditbetyg från Standard & Poor, men jag har även tittat på de större politiska händelser som inträffat. Jag har även, för att kunna dra slutsatser utifrån förändringar av kreditbetyg, undersökt det generella sambandet mellan FDI och kreditbetyg och där kommit fram till ett positivt signifikant resultat. I min analys har jag undersökt om variationer i inflödet av FDI till Thailand kan förklaras utifrån de mått jag har valt. Min slutsats blev att en större del av de nedgångar i inflödet av FDI som skett har inträffat i samband med händelser som ger signaler om ökad instabilitet, såsom sänkt kreditbetyg eller stadskupper.</p>