Technological advancement and the quest for power have gradually contaminated our environment, as industrialization, agriculture, and nuclear activities progressed. In the year 1986, a terrible nuclear incident occurred in Ukraine, in which the nuclear reactor exploded. The explosion resulted in the release of radionuclides with a massive concentration of 137Cs and 131I. Among these,137Cs was the most persistent one having a half-life of 30.2 years. The137Cs spread to Sweden due to advection, dispersion,and diffusion by wind, fallout over by precipitation via adsorption, and absorption in northern parts of Sweden experiencing a heterogeneous distribution. This fallout affected both the terrestrial and aquatic environments. This research aims to investigate where the 137Cs went and how its concentration changed with time in Swedish mushrooms, lakes, and in the Gulf of Bothnia. Also, to search for the environment that holds137Cs for a longer period and why it is so. More than 30 years have passed since the incident, and it isexpected that 137Cs would have decayed to values of its half-life. Swedish food authority recommends that up to 10,000 Bq/kg of 137Cs in mushrooms is safe for human consumption. The advocated limitsfor fish and seawater are 1500 Bq/kg and 40 Bq/kg, respectively.The method embraced to answer the research questions is based on data from the Swedish Radiation Safety Authority, the Radiant Earth project between Uppsala University and SLU, and also the data published in the literature. Decay models were generated for 137Cs.These models help in explaining the processes of accumulation and extraction of 137Cs. A closer look is also given to processes that have animpact on factors such as weathering, erosion, wind, washout, and bioturbation, and the rate of intake in environments. The aquatic environment, because Gävleborg was most affected during the incident, the highest value in the fish measured in the year 1988 was 23,508 Bq/kg. However, after 31 years (2016), the value was 4.5 Bq/kg. The values for Jämtland, Västerbotten, and Västernorrland were also almost equivalent to those for Gävleborg, estimated in the year 2016 to be around 4.5 Bq/kg. Observations of water data in Gävleborg show a wide range between 2-996 Bq/kg. In the Gulf of Bothnia, the highest 137Cs value recorded for sediment data in the year 2003 was 310 Bq/kg, and the lowest value of 181 Bq/kg was observed in the year 2015. In terrestrial environments, the maximum value recorded for Craterellus tubaeformis mushrooms was 522,000 Bq/kg in the year 1987. On the other hand, the lowest value recorded for Chanterelle mushrooms was 101.5 Bq/kg in the year 2017. Observations from a sample collected in Uppsala in the year 2017 indicates a value of 15 Bq/kg. Several mushroom species (Chanterelle, Craterellus tubaeformis) had distinct concentrations within the same geographical area and time, i.e., the Västernorrland in the year 2017.Due to weathering and erosion, when 137Cs reaches a water body (sea, ocean, estuary, river, lake or wetland), it dissolves in the water increasing its concentration. As a result, it increases the overall concentration of 137Cs in the fish. The results show that most of the 137Cs is locked in the sediments, with time buried under new sediment. However, due to resuspension and bioturbation, the contaminants may end up in the aquatic environment again. Models for lakes show irregular behaviour since their sizes are not as large as seas and small intakes depict high concentrations. Based on the mushroom results, 137Cs concentrations have been greatly reduced compared with Chernobyl levels. Different mushroom species exhibit different levels of 137Cs in the same area. Most radionuclides are found in the top layer of organic soil, making this layer crucial for taking up 137Cscontamination. Over time, these radionuclides, including 137Cs, are buried beneath the soil layers and cease to contribute to the system.

Level systems provide systematic support for teachers and students who need additional behavior support. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the perspectives of faculty members from a self-contained school, for special education students with severe behavior needs, which has sustained the use of a school-wide, behavior management level system for nearly 30 years. A total of 11 faculty members were interviewed using the critical incident technique, a qualitative methodology used as an exploratory tool in early stages of research. Interviews detailed the observable behaviors and specific events, critical incidents, that helped or hindered the sustainability of their school's level system. Faculty identified eight helping categories, six hindering categories, and six "wish list" categories, items participants wished had happened or could happen in the future. Helping categories included building rapport and teaming; collecting, recording and using data; communicating and collaborating; schoolwide consistency; relationships and student feedback; student engagement and buy-in; faculty buy-in and adaptability. Hindering categories included scoring and accountability inconsistencies; philosophical differences; insufficient staff training and experience; multifaceted system requiring nuanced decision making; staff mental health concerns; and community factors and external pressures. The findings of this study illustrate the importance of varied communication portals to support sustainability.

Following an unexpected event in an underground mine, it is important to know the state of the mine immediately to manage the situation effectively. Particularly when part or the whole mine is inaccessible, remotely and quickly ascertaining the ventilation status is one of the pieces of essential information that can help mine personnel and rescue teams make decisions. This study developed a methodology that uses tracer gas techniques and CFD modeling to analyze underground mine ventilation system status remotely. After an unanticipated event that has damaged ventilation controls, the first step of the methodology is to assess and estimate the level of the damage and the possible ventilation changes based on the available information. Then CFD models will be built to model the normal ventilation status before the event, as well as possible ventilation damage scenarios. At the same time, tracer gas tests will be designed and performed on-site. Tracer gas will be released at a designated location with constant or transient release techniques. Gas samples will be collected at other locations and analyzed using Gas Chromatography (GC). Finally, through comparing the CFD simulated results and the tracer on-site test results, the general characterization of the ventilation system can be determined. A review of CFD applications in mining engineering is provided in the beginning of this dissertation. The basic principles of CFD are reviewed and six turbulence models commonly used are discussed with some examples of their application and guidelines on choosing an appropriate turbulence model. General modeling procedures are also provided with particular emphasis on conducting a mesh independence study and different validation methods, further improving the accuracy of a model. CFD applications in mining engineering research and design areas are reviewed, which illustrate the success of CFD and highlight challenging issues. Experiments were conducted both in the laboratory and on-site. These experiments showed that the developed methodology is feasible for characterizing underground ventilation systems remotely. Limitations of the study are also addressed. For example, the CFD model requires detailed ventilation survey data for an accurate CFD modeling and takes much longer time compared to network modeling. Some common problems encountered when using tracer gases in underground mines are discussed based on previously completed laboratory and field experiments, which include tracer release methods, sampling and analysis techniques. Additionally, the use of CFD to optimize the design of tracer gas experiments is also presented. Finally, guidelines and recommendations are provided on the use of tracer gases in the characterization of underground mine ventilation networks. / Ph. D.

The need for increasing efficiencies for medical resource delivery during a mass casualty incident/event is a paramount logistical planning factor that could mean life or death to the citizens affected by a disaster. As such, Washington State has prioritized emergency management and preparedness. Using the just-in-time system by way of Baghbanian' s complex adaptive decision-making theory as the foundation, gave purpose to this qualitative study. This was accomplished by analysis of emergency management professional responses, and to what degree, improvements can be made to the medical resource delivery system during a mass casualty incident/event. Data were collected through semi structured interviews with a random sample of 12 experienced emergency professionals from the State of Washington. This study was guided by primary research questions that focused on emergency managers and their understanding and adaptability toward preparedness. Interview data were deductively coded and analyzed through a thematic analysis procedure. The key theme of this study is that participants perceived slight differences in logistical and operational approaches that vector into transportation and operational understanding as the main factors influencing medical resource delivery. The positive social change association of this study is that it provides emergency managers, first responders, and medical staff with recommendations for analysis and planning development for medical resource delivery, thereby mitigating the life and death implications for citizens in future disasters.

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to examine the lived experiences of a homogeneous group of frontline child welfare workers in Los Angeles, CA. Data were collected using recorded in-depth, open ended interviews with 10 participants. Critical incident technique was used to collect data on specific incidents. Symbolic interactionism was the theoretical framework used. Five themes emerged during the analyses which are the main findings of this study: (1) Organizational factors contributed to the challenges and stress of the job, (2) participants shared a belief that management did not value them, (3) participants' morale and workloads were adversely affected by a highly publicized child fatality, (4) the job was rewarding and meaningful when participants felt they had protected children and helped families, and (5) participants reported being socialized to accept abusive behavior from clients through the omission or minimization of safety as a training topic in college and work sites. The positive social change implication includes information that may help facilitate a paradigm shift in the professional and academic socialization of social workers. The realistic picture on public child welfare work that participants shared has the potential to be useful to future social work students, researchers, professors, law enforcement, and administrators of public child welfare agencies. Realistic expectations may also increase retention of employees.

Despite improved technology and equipment and a steady decline of structure fires, firefighter line-of-duty deaths and injury rates have increased over the past 10 years. Independent reports indicated poor decision-making by fire ground incident commanders (FGCs) as the primary cause of deaths and injuries. FGCs are vulnerable to skill decay given the expertise needed to manage an incident and limited opportunities to remain proficient. Guided by skill decay theory, the purpose of this quantitative study was to examine the relationship between skill decay among FGCs and experience, drilling and training opportunities (overlearning), years of experience, and time since initial training. A web-based survey was used to collect data from a convenience sample of 376 certified fire department officers. Findings from multiple linear regression analysis indicated that time since initial training in a fire command training program was significantly related to skill retention among FGCs (p = .008). Experience, drilling and training opportunities (overlearning), and years of experience in the fire service were not significantly related to skill retention. Findings may be used to strengthen fire service policies and reduce loss of life and property damage in the fire service and communities.

abstract: Time series forecasting is the prediction of future data after analyzing the past data for temporal trends. This work investigates two fields of time series forecasting in the form of Stock Data Prediction and the Opioid Incident Prediction. In this thesis, the Stock Data Prediction Problem investigates methods which could predict the trends in the NYSE and NASDAQ stock markets for ten different companies, nine of which are part of the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA). A novel deep learning model which uses a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) is used to predict future data and the results are compared with the existing regression techniques like Linear, Huber, and Ridge regression and neural network models such as Long-Short Term Memory (LSTMs) models. In this thesis, the Opioid Incident Prediction Problem investigates methods which could predict the location of future opioid overdose incidences using the past opioid overdose incidences data. A similar deep learning model is used to predict the location of the future overdose incidences given the two datasets of the past incidences (Connecticut and Cincinnati Opioid incidence datasets) and compared with the existing neural network models such as Convolution LSTMs, Attention-based Convolution LSTMs, and Encoder-Decoder frameworks. Experimental results on the above-mentioned datasets for both the problems show the superiority of the proposed architectures over the standard statistical models. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Computer Science 2019

Background Being able to learn from mistakes is a vital aspect of nurse’s professionalism and increasing patient safety. With Crew Resource Management methodologies, aviation and other High Risk Organisations have succeeded in enabling learning cultures that should be applicable also to healthcare. Purpose The purpose was to describe how Crew Resource Management and the inherent learning culture could improve nurse’s professionalism and patient safety within the healthcare system.  Method A literature overview based on database searches in CINAHL, PubMed and a manual search, resulting in 25 scientific articles analysed using an integrated analysis method and quality review.  Results Crew Resource Management implementations have a positive effect on the nurse’s professional role and patient safety but have still not reached the full potential. Incident reporting is a key factor in providing feedback but still encounters barriers as a basis for pre-emptive learning. Identified barriers are not using Crew Resource Management components as a whole, a lack of feedback and an insufficient learning culture. Feedback is connected to nurse’s perception and situational awareness strengthening morale and professionalism. Conclusion Nurses professionalism and patient safety is dependent on being able to learn from mistakes which is a key aspect of Crew Resource Management. Learning is enabled by the reporting of mistakes in incident reporting systems without the fear of being punished. Improvements to both systems and the reporting culture are seen as needed, as-well as changes to the education system promoting reporting as part of an overall safety and learning culture.

Wildlife collisions with U.S. civil aircraft (hereafter incidents) pose safety and economic concerns. Terrestrial mammals represented only 2.3% of wildlife incidents, but 59% of these incidents caused damage to aircraft. I examined 2,558 incidents in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Wildlife Strike Database to characterize and analyze overall mammal incidents by airport type, emphasizing white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and bat incidents with U.S. civil aircraft. Mammal incidents caused 5 times greater damage than other wildlife which varied by airport type and appeared associated with species’ behavior. I provided relative hazard scores to determine which species were most hazardous to aircraft. Relative hazard increased with increasing body mass with mule deer (O. hemionus), white-tailed deer and domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris) most hazardous to aircraft. White-tailed deer caused 6 times greater damage than all other wildlife and are hazardous to aircraft. In contrast, bats posed a low hazard to aircraft.

Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka vad kliniskt verksamma allmän-sjuksköterskor anser att god omvårdnad innebär. Studien är av empirisk kvalitativ art och baseras på fjorton legitimerade sjuksköterskors dagboksanteckningar under en fjortondagarsperiod. Aktuell metod är inspirerad utifrån Flanagans critical incident metod. Materialet från dagboksanteckningarna analyserades och resulterade i fyra överkategorier lindring av patientens smärta, oro och ångest, synliggöra patienten, delaktiggöra patienten samt lyhördhet för patienten. / The aim of this paper was to research how clinically active general practitioning nurses perceive good nursing. The study is of an empirical qualitative nature and is based on the diary notes of fourteen authorized nurses during a fourteen-day period. The employed method is inspired by the Flanagans critical incident method. The material from the diary notes was analyzed and resulted in four over-categories relief of the patients pain, worry and anxiety, making the patient visible, increasing the participation of the patient and sensitivity of the patient.