This thesis is organized in two parts and is called "Teaching methods used during lessons of civic education at elementary schools and social sciences at high schools". Theoretical part deals with issues of teaching methods and their respective classification. Practical part is based on a survey amended with a conversation method. Aim of this thesis is to describe which teaching methods are used during classes of civic education at elementary schools and social sciences at high schools.

The purpose of study was to explore and describe the student nurses’ experiences of teaching and learning through simulation. The study was conducted at one public college of nursing located in the city of Tshwane in the Gauteng province of South Africa. A quantitative exploratory and descriptive design was used to achieve the objectives of the study. The selected population comprised second year student nurses registered for the programme of education and training leading to registration as a nurse (general, psychiatric and community) and Midwife (R425, 1985; paragraph (iii) as amended) at the selected college of nursing. The number of registered second year student nurses was 250, and it was found to be manageable and adequate for data analysis. Consequently, the whole population was included in the survey and no sampling procedures were carried out. Data were collected by means of a self-administered structured questionnaire and STATA 14 program was used for data analysis. According to the results of the study, student nurses’ experiences of teaching and learning through simulation were positive. The results showed that teaching and learning through simulation led to significant increases in knowledge and skills acquisition among student nurses who took part in the study. In addition, the student nurses’ attitude to teaching and learning through simulation were positive. However, based on the findings of the literature review on trends and best practice standards for simulation, it is recommended that the college introduces high virtual technology simulation as it is only using low and medium fidelity simulation. This will ensure that the college is up to date with trends and best practice standards for simulation, and for improving simulation teaching learning outcomes for large number of student nurses. / Health Studies / M.A. (Nursing Science)

This diploma thesis focuses on using the technical monuments in Český Krumlov region in primary school education. The main principles of project teaching method in primary school are mentioned in the theoretical part. The practical part is based on these principles. This thesis also deals with the technical education which is used in the projects themselves and which result is gaining the principal technical literacy of students in primary schools. The last chapter of the theoretical part deals with ten technical monumets in Český Krumlov region which were used in the projects. The practical part of this thesis contains ten projects which were realized during the education process in the primary school. These projects were carried out in various classes according to the students´ ages and skills. The important part of this thesis is also the evaluation of the research carried out among the teachers who realized the projects in all classes in the primary school.

This thesis deals with a creating educational programmes for interactive boards usable in Science lessons at higher level of primary schools. Programme presentation was made in the seventh form of three primary school, where also a comparative research in the form of didactic test was placed. The aim of this test was to compare a knowledge level of pupils who were taught by the interactive programme, and those pupils who were taught by the traditional form of frontal teaching. The thesis is supplemented by a DVD with educational presentation for interactive boards and a printed manual necessary for the control of the programme.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The School of First Letters was submitted to a confirmation process in Sergipe during the XIX Century. When province administrators understood that they would be able to transform behavior rules and guarantee social stability through the use of these schools, they began promoting the instruction of the school-age population. Using the most modern European pedagogic technology, the administrators adopted the teaching methods of the School of First Letters in Sergipe. The first method adopted was the mutual method starting in 1820. There was only one mutual method school operating in Sergipe which was situated in São Cristóvão, the capital of the Province. This method was chosen to discipline the population of the capital on that time. The mutual method was used until the 1950´s when other administrators started criticizing their efficiency to Sergipe and adopted the simultaneous teaching method. This new method had as an objective transmiting the values of Brazilian Empire through schools and establishing social order. Unlike the previous method, the intention was not a disciplinal one but to transmit values that would prepare people to respect Imperial Laws and the religion as vassals. The simultaneous teaching method was in practice until the 1970´s, when administrators following ideas of Pestalozzi and Basedaw uncharacterized it and recommended the adoption of the lessons with things and the intuitive method. / No século XIX a escola de primeiras letras passou por um processo de afirmação na Província sergipana. A partir do momento em que os administradores provinciais entenderam que através desta instituição escolar seria capaz de transformar regras de condutas e garantir estabilidade social, levantaram bandeira de luta a favor da instrução pública para a população escolarizável. Tomando de empréstimo o que havia de mais moderno em termos de tecnologia pedagógica, os administradores adotaram métodos de ensino para as escolas de primeiras letras sergipanas. O primeiro a ser adotado foi o método mútuo ou método de Lancaster, no final da década de 1820. Em Sergipe, só funcionou uma escola com essa tecnologia de ensino, em São Cristóvão, capital da Província. Não se sabe até quando durou essa escola, mas em forma discursiva o método se estendeu até a década de cinqüenta quando os administradores passaram a fazer críticas e apontar um outro. A partir desse momento o método de ensino simultâneo passou a fazer parte nos discursos dos defensores da instrução pública para a população sergipana. Com a aplicação dessa nova tipologia de ensino não era bem disciplinar, como fazia a anterior, mas ordenar fazendo com que os valores transmitidos pela escola de primeiras letras formassem um homem capaz de respeitar as leis, imperiais e a religião professada pelo Império, garantindo desta forma condição de governabilidade. O ensino simultâneo teve vigência em Sergipe até a década de 1870 quando os administradores provinciais se apropriaram das idéias de Pestalozzi e Basedaw passando a descaracterizá-lo e indicar outro: o método de coisas.

O presente trabalho considera o conceito percepção vocal, incluindo suas funções e recursos, como uma capacidade de ouvir, conscientizar e fazer, através dos seguintes tipos de recepção sensorial: controle auditivo, sensação muscular, sensibilidade vibracional e visão. Este trabalho tem por objetivos a divulgação do referido conceito e a apresentação de métodos para o seu desenvolvimento para o cantor e regente coral, nas áreas disciplinares de canto, percepção e regência coral. A discussão é alicerçada na pesquisa da literatura russa e ucraniana sobre o assunto e tem o foco central baseado no trabalho de Vladimir Morozov. Ainda em comparação com as literaturas estadunidense e brasileira, busca refletir sobre os conteúdos relativos às áreas supracitadas e explora os meios de aprimoramento dessa habilidade na prática, com foco específico no ensino da regência coral e canto coral. Propõe assim um método de ensino que oferece uma série de exercícios de desenvolvimento da percepção vocal, que abrangem o trabalho do aluno, tanto dentro da sala de aula, quanto na sua prática com o coro, podendo tais exercícios ser aproveitados no trabalho individual. Para o trabalho de pesquisa e formulação da proposta de ensino, a metodologia escolhida foi de busca, comparação, reflexão e análise da literatura, paralelamente ao desenvolvimento de exercícios específicos. / The concept of vocal perception (including its functions and resources) is, in this dissertation, considered to be the ability of hearing, understanding and performing through the following kinds of sensorial reception: auditory control, muscular and vibrational sensitivity, as well as vision. The aims of this work are: A) divulgating the formerly mentioned concept; B) introducing methods that allow both singers and choral conductors to improve their acting. The discussion is based on the Russian and Ukrainian literature on this matter and focuses mainly on the work of Vladimir Morozov. In comparing these to the Brazilian and American literature, the dissertation also ponders over the contents that relate to the areas mentioned above, and explores the possible ways of improving this ability in practical situations, with an specific focus on choral conducting and choral singing, thus proposing a method of teaching that offers a series of exercises that will encourage the development of a vocal perception for the student, which can be applied in conducting classes, individual studying and general choral practice. When researching and creating the teaching method, the methodology of choice was to search, compare, ponder and analyze literature, while developing specific exercises.

Quel intérêt les études littéraires auraient-elles à remettre au goût du jour l’apprentissage par cœur de textes littéraires ? Le par cœur semble aujourd’hui une pratique pédagogique de nostalgiques et de réactionnaires. On lui reproche de faire moins bien et moins rapidement ce que la technologie fait sans effort. On l’accuse aussi de ne pas favoriser l’intelligence : elle est un travail mécanique de perroquet dans lequel la compréhension et l’esprit critique interviendraient peu. Ces critiques, qui peuvent paraître de bon sens, sont en fait selon nous le produit de trois logiques ou pensées qui dominent la pensée occidentale : la pensée matérialiste, la logique marchande et la logique de domination du masculin sur le féminin. Elles imprègnent tellement nos croyances et nos cadres cognitifs qu’on a du mal à penser en dehors d’elles. Nous confrontons dans cette thèse ces trois logiques à la question du par cœur : en interrogeant leurs présupposés et en mettant au jour certaines de leurs failles, on s’aperçoit alors que le par cœur, en fonction de la manière dont on le pratique, peut revivifier les études littéraires. / Why would it be worthwhile for literary studies to reintroduce learning by heart of literary texts? Learning by heart now appears to be an old-fashioned method, only practiced by nostalgic, reactionary teachers. It has been criticized for its lesser learning efficiency and velocity as compared to what technology has made available for fewer efforts. Another reason why it has been condemned is that it would impede the development of intelligence, as it is thought to be a parrot-like, mechanical exercise requiring very little understanding or critical thinking. These seemingly well-founded criticisms are, we argue, the product of three logics – or thoughts – dominating the Western thought, namely: the materialist thought, the mercantile logic, and the logic of the domination of the masculine over the feminine. Our beliefs and outlines of thought are so imbued with these three principles, that we are reluctant to depart from their influences to think. In this dissertation, we confront the three above-mentioned logics to the “learning-by-heart” issue. By questioning their presuppositions and shedding light on some of their flaws, we find out that learning by heart, depending on how it is carried out, helps revitalize literary studies.

The diploma thesis deals with tandem method in teaching Czech as a foreign language. It is a language learning in pairs or in a small group of students with different mother languages. The thesis consists of two parts, theoretical and empirical. In the theoretical part social, didactic and lingvodidactic ways out of tandem method are described and we also specified the method. The summary of examples of the successful application of the method abroad and in the Czech Republic points to other possibilities of its utilization in our country. We organized lessons with using tandem method to do research. A questionnaire survey was used to obtain data. Basic benefits and limits of the method were found based on the data collection. For those interested in the method we form lingvodidactic recommendation for application of the method in teaching. We also propose the specific practical areas in which the method can be used. Keywords Czech as foreign language, teaching method, tandem learning, group work, cross-border cooperation.

Die Dissertation behandelt aus unterrichtspraktischen Fragestellungen heraus Gestalt und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten aktuell nutzbarer Lehrwerke des Orgelspiels. Aus der Perspektive einer Lehrtätigkeit des Autors an der Musikhochschule erwächst eine Reflexion zur Funktionalität und Wirksamkeit von Orgellehrwerken nach gegenwärtig zugrunde liegenden Kriterien. Es wird der Frage nachgegangen, inwieweit sich didaktische Zielsetzungen früherer und heutiger Zeit unterscheiden und Thesen zur Verwendung elementarer Orgelschulen aufgestellt. Ausgehend von den Entwicklungen bei der Anwendung von Orgellehrwerken im Verlauf der Musikgeschichte wird sichtbar, dass sich die berufspraktischen Anforderungen innerhalb des Aufgabenbereiches eines Organisten am Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts spürbar verändert haben. Es wird die Bedeutung interpretatorischer, methodischer, musikwissenschaftlicher und psychologischer Aspekte für den heutigen Verlauf des Unterrichtsprozesses beleuchtet. Zudem wird dargestellt, inwieweit speziell der Orgelunterricht einen Sonderfall im Spannungsfeld gegenwärtiger Instrumentalpädagogik bildet.

The approach to teaching zoology in Framework of the education programme for lower secondary schools is analysed in this master's thesis. In the thesis, the particularities of active teaching methods, which are currently preferred in modern education, are described. In the theoretical part, the activities which might be used in the lessons of zoology were suggested. The activities are in accordance with the Framework of the education programme for primary and lower secondary schools. The objective is to develop pupil's key competences such as cooperation in groups, formation of student's attitudes and opinions, consolidation of working processes and development of fantasy. The outlines of lessons are focused on recognition of animals living in the Czech Republic. It is emphasized that pupils should be in contacts with animals in the wild nature which they learn theoretically at school about. Suggestions for organising excursions are aimed at certain type of animals. The goal is to motivate pupils to explore the nature. We suppose the more knowledge about nature we have, the more protection to the nature we are able to provide. I would like to mention that teaching goal of zoology at lower secondary school is to be familiar with specific animal species. This definite goal is often underestimated and...